The effects of leisure beliefs and coping strategies on stress‐health relationships: A field study

References

• Antonovsky , A. 1987 . Unraveling the mystery of health: How people manage stress and stay well , San Francisco, CA : Jossey‐Bass .
   Google Scholar
• Arbuckle , J. L. and Wothke , W. 1999 . AMOS 4.0 users’ guide , Chicago, IL : Smallwaters Corporation .
   Google Scholar
• Bandura , A. 1986 . Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice‐Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Baron , R.M. and Kenny , D.A. 1986 . The moderator‐mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51 : 1173 – 1182 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera , M. Jr. 1986 . Distinctions between social support concepts, measures, and models . American Journal of Community Psychology , 14 : 413 – 445 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrera , M. Jr. 1988 . “ Models of social support and life stress: Beyond the buffering hypothesis ” . In Life events and psychological functioning , Edited by: Cohen , L.H. 211 – 236 . Newsbury Park, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Bolger , N. and Eckenrode , J. 1991 . Social relationships, personality, and anxiety during a major stressful event . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 440 – 449 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bollen , K.A. 1989 . Structural equations with latent variables , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Brantley , P.J. and Jones , G.N. 1989 . Daily stress inventory: Professional manual , Odessa, FL : Psychological Assessment Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , J.D. 1991 . Staying fit and staying well: Physical fitness as a moderator of life stress . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60 : 555 – 561 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldwell , L.L. and Smith , E.A. 1995 . Health behaviours of leisure alienated youth . Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure , 18 : 143 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caltabiano , M.L. 1994 . Measuring the similarity among leisure activities based on a perceived stress‐reduction benefit . Leisure Studies , 13 : 17 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Caltabiano , M.L. 1995 . Main and stress‐moderating health benefits of leisure . Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure , 18 : 33 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carver , C.S. , Scheier , M.F. and Weintraub , J.K. 1989 . Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 56 : 267 – 283 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , D. 1993 . Leisure based social support, leisure dispositions and health . Journal of Leisure Research , 25 : 350 – 361 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coleman , D. and Iso‐Ahola , S.E. 1993 . Leisure and health: The role of social support and self‐determination . Journal of Leisure Research , 25 : 111 – 128 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton , D.M. and Iso‐Ahola , S.E. , eds. 1994 . Leisure and mental health , Vol. 1 , Park City, UT : Family Development Resources .
   Google Scholar
• Costa , P.T. , Somerfield , M.R. and McCrae , R.R. 1996 . “ Personality and coping: A reconceptualization ” . In Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications , Edited by: Zeidner , M. and Endler , N.S. 44 – 61 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Cutrona , C.E. and Russell , D.W. 1990 . “ Type of social support and specific stress: Toward a theory of optimal matching ” . In Social support: An interactional view , Edited by: Sarason , B.R. , Sarason , I.G. and Pierce , G.R. 319 – 366 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Derogatis , L.R. , Lipman , R.S. , Rickels , K. , Uhlenhuth , E.H. and Covi , L. 1974 . “ The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): A measure of primary symptom dimensions ” . In Modern problems of pharmacopsychiatry: Vol. 7. Psychological measurements in psychopliarmacology , Edited by: Ban , T. , Freyhan , F.A. , Pichot , P. and Poldinger , W. Vol. 7 , Basel, , Switzerland : S. Karger .
   Google Scholar
• Dohrenwend , B.S. , Krasnoff , L. , Askenasy , A.R. and Dohrenwend , B.P. 1982 . “ The psychiatric epidemiology research interview life events scale ” . In Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects , Edited by: Goldberger , L. and Breznitz , S. 332 – 363 . New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Driver , B.L. , Brown , P.J. and Peterson , G.L. , eds. 1991 . Benefits of leisure , State College, PA : Venture .
   Google Scholar
• Eckenrode , J. and Wethington , E. 1990 . “ The process and outcome of mobilizing social support ” . In Personal relationships and social support , Edited by: Duck , S. 83 – 103 . Beverly Hills, CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Endler , N.S. and Parker , J.D.A. 1994 . Assessment of multidimensional coping: Task, emotion, and avoidance strategies . Psychological Assessment , 6 : 50 – 60 .
   Google Scholar
• Folkman , S. 1992 . “ Making the case for coping ” . In Personal coping: Theory, research, and application , Edited by: Carpenter , B.N. 31 – 46 . West‐port, CT : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R.S. 1985 . If it changes it must be a process: Study of emotion and coping during three stages of a college examination . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 48 : 150 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman , S. and Lazarus , R.S. 1988 . Coping as a mediator of emotion . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 54 : 466 – 475 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman , S. , Lazarus , R.S. , Dunkel‐Schetter , C , DeLongis , A. and Gruen , R.J. 1986 . Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50 : 992 – 1003 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankish , C.J. , Milligan , C.D. and Reid , C. 1998 . A review of relationships between active living and determinants of health . Social Science and Medicine , 47 : 287 – 301 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freysinger , V.J. and Flannery , D. 1992 . Women's leisure: Affiliation, self‐determination, empowerment and resistance? . Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure , 15 : 303 – 322 .
   Google Scholar
• Gottlieb , B.H. , ed. 1997 . Coping with chronic stress , New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Haggard , L.M. and Williams , D.R. 1992 . Identity affirmation through leisure activities: Leisure symbols of the self . Journal of Leisure Research , 24 : 1 – 18 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson , K.A. and Bialeschki , M.D. 1991 . A sense of entitlement to leisure as constraint and empowerment for women . Leisure Sciences , 12 : 51 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobfoll , S.E. and Vaux , A. 1993 . “ Social support: Resources and context ” . In Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects , Edited by: Goldberger , L. and Breznitz , S. 685 – 705 . New York : Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Hull , R.B. IV . 1990 . Mood as a product of leisure . Journal of Leisure Research , 22 : 99 – 111 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hull , R.B. IV and Michael , S.E. 1995 . Nature‐based recreation, mood change, and stress restoration . Leisure Sciences , 17 : 1 – 14 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iso‐Ahola , S.E. 1997 . “ A psychological analysis of leisure and health ” . In Work, leisure and well‐being , Edited by: Haworth , J.T. 131 – 144 . London : Routledge .
   Google Scholar
• Iso‐Ahola , S.E. and Park , C.J. 1996 . Leisure‐related social support and self‐determination as buffers of stress‐illness relationship . Journal of Leisure Research , 28 : 169 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. and Mannell , R.C. in press . Hierarchical dimensions of leisure stress‐coping . Leisure Sciences ,
   Google Scholar
• Iwasaki , Y. and Smale , B.J.A. 1998 . Longitudinal analyses of the relationships among life transitions, chronic health problems, leisure, and psychological well‐being . Leisure Sciences , 20 : 25 – 52 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R.S. 1990 . Theory‐based stress management . Psychological Inquiry , 1 : 3 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R.S. 1991 . Emotion and adaptation , New York : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R.S. 1993 . Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future . Psychosomatic Medicine , 55 : 234 – 247 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lazarus , R.S. 1995 . “ Theoretical perspectives in occupational stress research ” . In Occupational stress: A handbook , Edited by: Crandall , R. and Perrewe , P.L. 3 – 14 . Washington, DC : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Lepore , S.J. and Evans , G.W. 1996 . “ Coping with multiple Stressors in the environment ” . In Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications , Edited by: Zeidner , M. and Endler , N.S. 350 – 377 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Lin , N. 1986 . “ Modeling the effects of social support ” . In Social support, life events, and depression , Edited by: Lin , N. , Dean , A. and Ensel , W. Orlando, FL : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mannell , R.C. and Kleiber , D.A. 1997 . A social psychology of leisure , State College, PA : Venture .
   Google Scholar
• Mattlin , J.A. , Wethington , E. and Kessler , R.C. 1990 . Situational determinants of coping and coping effectiveness . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 31 : 103 – 122 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neulinger , J. 1982 . Leisure lack and the quality of life . Leisure Studies , 1 : 53 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Ouellet , G. , Iso‐Ahola , S.E. and Boisvert , D. 1995 . Leisure, health and human function . Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure , 18 (1)
   Google Scholar
• Patterson , I. and Carpenter , G. 1994 . Participation in leisure activities after the death of a spouse . Leisure Sciences , 16 : 105 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , I. and Coleman , D. 1996 . The impact of stress on different leisure dimensions . Journal of Applied Recreation Research , 21 : 243 – 263 .
   Google Scholar
• Pearlin , L.I. 1991 . “ The study of coping: An overview of problems and directions ” . In The social context of coping , Edited by: Eckenrode , J. 261 – 276 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pennebaker , J.W. 1982 . The psychology of physical symptoms , New York : Springer‐Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , K. , Lamb , K.L. , Dench , S. and Brodie , D.A. 1989 . Leisure patterns, health status and employment status . Leisure Studies , 8 : 229 – 235 .
   Google Scholar
• Robinson , J.P. and Godbey , G. 1997 . Time for life: The surprising ways Americans use their time , University Park, PA : Pennsylvania State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rohde , P. , Lewinsohn , P.M. , Tilson , M. and Seeley , J.R. 1990 . Dimensionality of coping and its relation to depression . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 58 : 499 – 511 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg , M. 1979 . Conceiving the self , New York : Basic Books .
   Google Scholar
• Ryff , C.D. 1989 . Happiness is everything or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well‐being . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 57 : 1069 – 1081 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samdahl , D.M. 1988 . A symbolic interactionist model of leisure: Theory and empirical support . Leisure Sciences , 10 : 27 – 39 .
   Google Scholar
• Sarason , B.R. , Sarason , I.G. and Pierce , G.R. 1990 . Social support: An interactional view , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Shamir , B. 1992 . Some correlates of leisure identity salience . Journal of Leisure Research , 24 : 301 – 323 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharp , A. and Manneil , R.C. 1996 . “ Participation in leisure as a coping strategy among bereaved women ” . In Eighth Canadian Congress on Leisure Research , Edited by: Dawson , D. 241 – 244 . Ontario : University of Ottawa .
   Google Scholar
• Shaw , S.M. 1994 . Gender, leisure, and constraint: Toward a framework for the analysis of women's leisure . Journal of Leisure Research , 26 : 8 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , C.E. , Fernengel , K. , Holcroft , C. , Gerald , K. and Marien , L. 1994 . Meta‐analysis of the associations between social support and health outcomes . Annals of Behavioral Medicine , 16 : 352 – 362 .
   Google Scholar
• Stone , A.A. , Kennedy‐Moore , E. and Neale , J.M. 1995 . Association between daily coping and end‐of‐day mood . Health Psychology , 14 : 341 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaux , A. 1988 . Social support: Theory, research, and intervention , New York : Praeger .
   Google Scholar
• Veit , C.T. and Ware , J.E. 1983 . The structure of psychological stress and well‐being in general populations . Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 51 : 730 – 742 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wankel , L.M. and Berger , B.G. 1991 . “ The personal and social benefits of sport and physical activity ” . In Benefits of leisure , Edited by: Driver , B.L. , Brown , P.J. and Peterson , G.L. 121 – 144 . State College, PA : Venture .
   Google Scholar
• Weissinger , E. and Iso‐Ahola , S.E. 1984 . Intrinsic leisure motivation, personality and physical health . Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure , 7 (1) : 217 – 228 .
   Google Scholar
• West , S.G. and Hepworth , J.T. 1991 . Statistical issues in the study of temporal data: Daily experiences . Journal of Personality , 59 : 609 – 662 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheaton , B. 1985 . Models for the stress‐buffering functions of coping resources . Journal of Health and Social Behavior , 26 : 352 – 364 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheaton , B. 1994 . “ Sampling the stress universe ” . In Stress and mental health: Contemporary issues and prospects for the future , Edited by: Avison , W.R. and Gotlib , I.H. 77 – 114 . New York : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Zautra , A.J. and Wrabetz , A.B. 1991 . Coping success and its relationship to psychological distress for older adults . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 61 : 801 – 810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeidner , M. and Endler , N.S. 1996 . Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications , New York : John Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Zeidner , M. and Saklofske , D. 1996 . “ Adaptive and maladaptive coping ” . In Handbook of coping: Theory, research, applications , Edited by: Zeidner , M. and Endler , N.S. 505 – 531 . New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• Zuzanek , J. , Robinson , J.P. and Iwasaki , Y. 1998 . The relationships between stress, health, and physically active leisure as a function of life‐cycle . Leisure Sciences , 20 : 253 – 275 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zuzanek , J. and Smale , B.J.A. 1997 . More work less leisure? Changing allocations of time in Canada, 1981 to 1992 . Loisir et Société/Society and Leisure , 20 : 73 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar