Audiovestibular findings in a 6 year old child with pilocytic astrocytoma – a case report

References

• American National Standard Institute (ANSI) S3.21-1978. 1992 (Revised). American National Standard for Manual Audiometry.
   Google Scholar
• Bandini, F., A. Beronio, E. Ghiglione, C. Solaro, R. C. Parodi, and L. Mazzella. 2004. “The Diagnostic Value of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Multiple Sclerosis.” Journal of Neurology 21: 617–621. doi:10.1007/s00415-004-0378-3.
   Google Scholar
• Berg, A. L., T. J. Olson, and N. A. Feldstein. 2005. “Cerebellar Pilocytic Astrocytoma with Auditory Presentation: Case Study.” Journal of Child Neurology 20 (11): 914–915. doi:10.1177/08830738050200111001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burkhard, Christoph, Pier-Luigi Di Patre, Danielle Schüler, Georges Schüler, M. Gazi Yaşargil, Yasuhiro Yonekawa, Urs M. Lütolf, et al. 2003. “A Population-Based Study of the Incidence and Survival Rates in Patients with Pilocytic Astrocytoma.” Journal of Neurosurgery 98 (6): 1170–1174. doi:10.3171/jns.2003.98.6.1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiarovano, E., C. Darlington, P.-P. Vidal, G. Lamas, and C. de Waele. 2014. “The Role of Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Assessment of Patients with Vestibular Schwannomas.” PLoS One 9 (8): e105026. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0105026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, J.-H., J.-D. Seo, Y. R. Choi, M.-J. Kim, H.-J. Kim, J. S. Kim, K.-D. Choi, et al. 2015. “Inferior Cerebellar Peduncular Lesion Causes a Distinct Vestibular Syndrome.” European Journal of Neurology 22 (7): 1062–1067. doi:10.1111/ene.12705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chourmouzi, Danai, Elissabet Papadopoulou, Manolis Konstantinidis, Vasileios Syrris, Kostas Kouskouras, Afroditi Haritanti, George Karkavelas, et al. 2014. “Manifestations of Pilocytic Astrocytoma: A Pictorial Review.” Insights into Imaging 5 (3): 387–402. doi:10.1007/s13244-014-0328-2.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colebatch, J., and G. Halmagyi. 1992. “VEMP in Human Neck Muscles before and after Unilateral Vestibular Deafferentation.” Neurology 42 (8): 1635–1636. doi:10.1212/WNL.42.8.1635.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colebatch, J. G., G. M. Halmagyi, and N. F. Skuse. 1994. “Myogenic Potentials Generated by a Click-Evoked Vestibulocollic Reflex.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 57 (2): 190–197. doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.2.190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curthoys, I. S., V. Vulovic, A. M. Burgess, L. Sokolic, and S. C. Goonetilleke. 2016. “The Response of Guinea Pig Primary Utricular and Saccular Irregular Neurons to Bone-Conducted Vibration (BCV) and Air-Conducted Sound (ACS).” Hearing Research 331: 131–143. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2015.10.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deftereos, S. N., G. Panagopoulos, A. Eleftheriadou, S. Korres, D. Georgonikou, D. Kandiloros, C. E. Karageorgiou, et al. 2008. “Using Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials to Localise Brainstem Lesions. A Preliminary Report.” B-ENT 4 (4): 215–219. PMID:19227026.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieterich, Marianne, Sandra Bense, Thomas Stephan, Thomas Brandt, Markus Schwaiger, and Peter Bartenstein. 2005. “Medial Vestibular Nucleus Lesions in Wallenberg’s Syndrome Cause Decreased Activity of the Contralateral Vestibular Cortex.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1039 (1): 368–383. doi:10.1196/annals.1325.035.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• El-Danasoury, I., G. El Sirafy, H. Taha, and S. Hegazy. 2015. “Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (VEMPs) in Young Children: Test Parameters and Normative Data.” Egyptian Journal of Ear, Nose, Throat and Allied Sciences 16 (1): 81–85. doi:10.1016/j.ejenta.2014.09.002.
   Google Scholar
• Eshaghi, Z., Z. Jafari, A. Shaibanizadeh, S. Jalaie, and A. Ghaseminejad. 2014. “The Effect of Preterm Birth on Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Children.” Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran 28: 75. PMID:25405140.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher, Paul G., Steven N. Breiter, Benjamin S. Carson, Moody D. Wharam, Jeffery A. Williams, Jon D. Weingart, Dana R. Foer, et al. 2000. “A Clinicopathologic Reappraisal Brain Stem Tumor Classification: Identification of Pilocytic Astrocytoma and Fibrillary Astrocytoma as Distinct Entities.” Cancer 89 (7): 1569–1576. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20001001)89:7<1569::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itoh, A., Y. S. Kim, K. Yoshioka, M. Kanaya, H. Enomoto, F. Hiraiwa, and M. Mizuno. 2001. “Clinical Study of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials and Auditory Brainstem Responses in Patients with Brainstem Lesions.” Actaoto-Laryngologica Supplementum 545: 116–119. doi:10.1080/000164801750388270.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jang, S. H., and H. G. Kwon. 2016. “Connectivity of Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle in the Human Brain: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.” Neural Network World 26 (5): 439–447. doi:10.14311/NNW.2016.26.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelsch, T. A., L. A. Schaefer, and C. R. Esquivel. 2006. “Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Young Children: Test Parameters and Normative Data.” The Laryngoscope 116 (6): 895–900. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000214664.97049.3e.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kestle, J., J. J. Townsend, D. L. Brockmeyer, and M. L. Walker. 2004. “Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma of the Brainstem in Children.” Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 101 (Pediatrics 2): 1–6. doi:10.3171/ped.2004.101.2.0001.
   Google Scholar
• Koeller, K. K., and E. J. Rushing. 2004. “From the Archives of the AFIP: Pilocytic Astrocytoma: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.” Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc 24 (6): 1693–1708. doi:10.1148/rg.246045146.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Louis, D. N., A. Perry, G. Reifenberger, A. Von Deimling, D. Figarella-Branger, W. K. Cavenee, H. Ohgaki, O. D. Weistler, P. M. Kleihues, and W. Ellison. 2016. “The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: A Summary.” Acta Neuropathologica. 131 (6): 803–20. doi:10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundy, L., D. Zapala, and K. Olsholt. 2008. “Dorsolateral Medullary Infarction: A Neurogenic Cause of a Contralateral, Large-Amplitude Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential.” Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 19 (3): 246–256. doi:10.3766/jaaa.19.3.9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayadevi, C. 1978. “ISHA PB Word List-4.” In Indian Speech, Language and Hearing Tests: The ISHA Battery, edited by S. K. Kacker and V. Basavaraj. Mysore, India: Indian Speech and Hearing Association.
   Google Scholar
• McClay, J. E., T. N. Booth, D. A. Parry, R. Johnson, and P. Roland. 2008. “Evaluation of Pediatric Sensorineural Hearing Loss with Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 134 (9): 945–952. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.9.945.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe, J. A., L. Krauth, I. K. Arenberg, E. Prenger, and P. Philpott. 1996. “Normal Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions with a Profound Hearing Loss Due to a Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma.” The American Journal of Otology 17 (4): 639–642.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nachman, A. J. 2012. “Retrocochlear Hearing Loss in Infants: A Case Study of Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma.” International Journal of Audiology 51 (8): 640–644. doi:10.3109/14992027.2012.684404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naidich, T. P., E. G. Stein, P. A. Lento, M. Kleinman, M. E. Fowkes, and D. M. Carpenter. 2013. “Cerebellum.” In Imaging of the Brain. Expert Radiology Series, edited by T. P. Naidich, M. Castillo, S. Cha, and J. G. Smirniotopoulos, 328–347. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders.
   Google Scholar
• Ohgaki, H., and P. Kleihues. 2005. “Population-Based Studies on Incidence, Survival Rates, and Genetic Alterations in Astrocytic and Oligodendroglialgliomas.” Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 64 (6): 479–489. doi:10.1093/jnen/64.6.479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padmaja, B. 1987. “ISHA Spondee Word List-7.” In Indian Speech, Language and Hearing Tests: The ISHA Battery, edited by S. K. Kacker and V. Basavaraj. Mysore, India: Indian Speech and Hearing Association.
   Google Scholar
• Pereira, A. B., G. S. de Melo Silva, A. R. M. Assunção, C. C. T. Atherino, F. M. Volpe, L. Felipe, and L. Felipe. 2015. “Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Children.” Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 81 (4): 358–362. doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2014.08.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roditi, R. E., R. W. Eppsteiner, T. B. Sauter, and D. J. Lee. 2009. “Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) in Patients with Superior Canal Dehiscence Syndrome (SCDS).” Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 141 (1): 24–28. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2009.03.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato, H., M. Imagawa, N. Isu, and Y. Uchino. 1997. “Properties of Saccular Nerve-Activated Vestibulospinal Neurons in Cats.” Experimental Brain Research 116 (3): 381–388. doi:10.1007/PL00005766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, F., M. Kompis, C. Ozdoba, J. Beck, M. Caversaccio, and P. Senn. 2015. “Pilocytic Astrocytoma of the Cerebellopontine Angle in a Child Presenting with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder.” Otology Neurotoogy 36: 101–103. doi:10.1097/mao.0000000000000355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheykholeslami, K., C. A. Megerian, and Q. Y. Zheng. 2009. “Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Normal Mice and Phex Mice with Spontaneous Endolymphatic Hydrops.” Otology & Neurotology 30 (4): 535–544. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31819bda13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shinoda, Y., T. Ohgaki, Y. Sugiuchi, and T. Futami. 1989. “Comparison of the Branching Patterns of Lateral and Medial Vestibulospinal Tract Axons in the Cervical Spinal Cord.” Progress in Brain Research 80 (C): 137–147. doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)62207-4.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tsubota, Masahito, Hideo Shojaku, Etsuro Hori, Michiro Fujisaka, Nakamasa Hayashi, Masanori Kurimoto, Noboru Hatakeyama, et al. 2007. “Effects of Vestibular Nerve Section on Sound-Evoked Myogenic Potentials in the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle of Monkeys.” Clinical Neurophysiology 118 (7): 1488–1493. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2007.04.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino, Y., H. Sato, M. Sasaki, M. Imagawa, H. Ikegami, N. Isu, W. Graf, et al. 1997. “Sacculocollic Reflex Arcs in Cats.” Journal of Neurophysiology 77 (6): 3003–3012. doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchino, Y., H. Sato, M. Zakir, K. Kushiro, M. Imagawa, Y. Ogawa, S. Ono, et al. 2001. “Commissural Effects in the Otolith System.” Experimental Brain Research 136 (4): 421–430. Available at: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s002210000611. doi:10.1007/s002210000611.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Welgampola, M. S., and J. G. Colebatch. 2005. “Characteristics and Clinical Applications of Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials.” Neurology 64 (10): 1682–1688. doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000161876.20552.AA.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yavuz, Erdem, Magdalena Lachowska, Katarzyna Pierchała, Krzysztof Morawski, Kazimierz Niemczyk, and Rafael E. Delgado. 2014. “Clinical Use of Skull Tap Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials for the Diagnoses of the Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Patients.” BioMed Research International 2014: 135457. doi:10.1155/2014/135457.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar