Treatment of Paraphilic Sexual Offenders in Brazil: Issues and Controversies

REFERENCES

• Abbey , A. , Clinton-Sherrod , A. M. , McAuslan , P. , Zawacki , T. and Buck , P. O. 2003 . The relationship between the quantity of alcohol consumed and the severity of sexual assaults committed by college men . Journal of Interpersonal Violence. , 18 : 813 – 833 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allnutt , S. H. , Bradford , J. M. , Greenberg , D. M. and Curry , S. 1996 . Co-morbidity of alcoholism and the paraphilias . Journal of Forensic Sciences. , 41 : 234 – 239 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association . 2000 . Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, , 4th ed., text revision , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association (APA) . 1999 . Dangerous sex offenders. A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association , Washington, DC : Author .
   Google Scholar
• Appelbaum , P. S. and Gutheil , T. G. 2007 . Clinical handbook of psychiatry & the law , 1 – 32 . Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins .
   Google Scholar
• Baltieri , D. A. and De Andrade , A. G. 2006 . “ Alcohol and drug consumption and sexual impulsivity among sexual offenders ” . In New research on alcohol abuse and alcoholism , Edited by: Brozner , E. Y. 133 – 154 . New York : Nova Science Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Baltieri , D. A. and De Andrade , A. G. 2008 . Alcohol and drug consumption among sexual offenders . Forensic Science International. , 175 : 31 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanchard , R. , Kolla , N. J. , Cantor , J. M. , Klassen , P. E. , Dickey , R. Kuban , M. E. 2007 . IQ, handedness, and pedophilia in adult male patients stratified by referral source . Sex Abuse: a Journal of Research and Treatment. , 19 : 285 – 309 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford , J. and Harris , V. L. 2003 . “ Psychopharmacological treatment of sex offenders ” . In Principles and practice of forensic psychiatry , Edited by: Rosner , R. 685 – 699 . London : Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Briken , P. and Kafka , M. P. 2007 . Pharmacological treatments for paraphilic patients and sexual offenders . Current Opinion in Psychiatry. , 20 : 609 – 613 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burns , J. M. and Swerdlow , R. H. 2003 . Right orbitofrontal tumor with pedophilia symptom and constructional apraxia sign . Archives of Neurology. , 60 : 437 – 440 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor , J. M. , Blanchard , R. , Christensen , B. K. , Dickey , R. , Klassen , P. E. Beckstead , A. L. 2004 . Intelligence, memory, and handedness in pedophilia . Neuropsychology. , 18 : 3 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantor , J. M. , Kabani , N. , Christensen , B. K. , Zipursky , R. B. , Barbaree , H. E. Dickey , R. 2008 . Cerebral white matter deficiencies in pedophilic men . Journal of Psychiatric Research. , 42 : 167 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chow , E. W. and Choy , A. L. 2002 . Clinical characteristics and treatment response to SSRI in a female pedophile . Archives of Sexual Behavior , 31 : 211 – 215 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloninger , C. R. 1996 . “ Assessment of the impulsive-compulsive spectrum of behavior by the seven-factor model of temperament and character ” . In Impulsivity and compulsivity , Edited by: Oldham , J. M. , Hollander , E. and Skodol , A. E. 59 – 98 . Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Conselho Regional de Medicina (CREMESP) . 2003 . Retrieved May 3, 2003, from Conselho Regional de Medicina do Estado de São Paulo site:http://www.cremesp.com.br/?siteAcao=BoletimSaudeMental&exibe=exibe&id=28 Consulta N° 51.676/03
   Google Scholar
• Fagan , P. J. , Wise , T. N. , Schmidt , C. W. Jr. and Berlin , F. S. 2002 . Pedophilia . The Journal of the American Medical Association. , 288 : 2458 – 2465 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuentes , D. , Tavares , H. , Camargo , C. H. P. and Gorenstein , C. 2000 . “ Inventário de temperamento e caráter de Cloninger—validação e versão em Português ” . In Escalas de Avaliação em Psiquiatria e Psicofarmacologia , Edited by: Gorenstein , C. , Andrade , L. H. S. G. and Zuardi , A. W. 363 – 376 . São Paulo : Lemos .
   Google Scholar
• Gaffney , G. R. and Berlin , F. S. 1984 . Is there hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in paedophilia? A pilot study . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 145 : 657 – 660 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , R. C. 2007 . A profile of pedophilia: definition, characteristics of offenders, recidivism, treatment outcomes, and forensic issues . Mayo Clinic Proceedings. , 82 : 457 – 471 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson , R. K. , Morton , K. E. and Harris , A. J. 2003 . Sexual offender recidivism risk: what we know and what we need to know . Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences , 989 : 154 – 166 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , K. 2007 . The high-risk sex offender strategy in England and Wales: is chemical castration an option? . The Howard Journal , 46 : 16 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Hill , A. , Briken , P. , Kraus , C. , Strohm , K. and Berner , W. 2003 . Differential pharmacological treatment of paraphilias and sex offenders . International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology. , 47 : 407 – 421 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jesus , D. E. 2001 . Lei das Contravenç[otilde]es Penais Anotada , 218 – 220 . São Paulo : Saraiva .
   Google Scholar
• Kafka , M. P. and Hennen , J. 2002 . Hypersexual desire in males: are males with paraphilias different from males with paraphilia-related disorders? . Sexual Abuse: A journal of Research and Treatment , 15 : 307 – 321 .
   Google Scholar
• Katz , D. A. 1999 . “ Psychopharmacological interventions with adolescent and adult sex offenders ” . In Sexual aggression , Edited by: Shaw , J. A. 305 – 326 . Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kravitz , H. M. , Haywood , T. W. , Kelly , J. , Wahlstrom , C. , Liles , S. and Cavanaugh , J. L. Jr. 1995 . Medroxyprogesterone treatment for paraphiliacs . The Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. , 23 : 19 – 33 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maes , M. , van West , D. , De Vos , N. , Westenberg , H. , Van Hunsel , F. Hendriks , D. 2001 . Lower baseline plasma cortisol and prolactin together with increased body temperature and higher mCPP-induced cortisol responses in men with pedophilia . Neuropsychopharmacology. , 24 : 37 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mendez , M. F. , Chow , T. , Ringman , J. , Twitchell , G. and Hinkin , C. H. 2000 . Pedophilia and temporal lobe disturbances . Journal of Neuropsychiatry Clinical and Neuroscience. , 12 : 71 – 76 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , J. B. 2000 . Psychological profile of pedophiles and child molesters . Jounal of Psychology. , 134 : 211 – 224 .
   Google Scholar
• Nunes , C. H. S. S. and Hutz , C. S. 2001 . Escala Fatorial de Ajustamento Emocional / Neuroticismo , São Paulo : Casa do Psicólogo .
   Google Scholar
• O Estado de São Paulo . 2007 . ‘Ambulatório do ABC realiza ‘Castração Química’ de Pedófilos’. 16 October 2007: 1
   Google Scholar
• Quinsey , V. L. , Harris , G. T. , Rice , M. E. and Cormier , C. A. 2003 . Violent Offenders. Appraising and Managing Risk , Washington, DC : American Psychological Association .
   Google Scholar
• Raymond , N. C. , Coleman , E. , Ohlerking , F. , Christenson , G. A. and Miner , M. 1999 . Psychiatric comorbidity in pedophilic sex offenders . American Journal of Psychiatry. , 156 : 786 – 788 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reilly , D. R. , Delva , N. J. and Hudson , R. W. 2000 . Protocols for the use of cyproterone, medroxyprogesterone, and leuprolide in the treatment of paraphilia . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. , 45 : 559 – 563 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saleh , F. M. and Berlin , F. S. 2003 . “ Sex hormones, neurotransmitters, and psychopharmacological treatments in men with paraphilic disorders ” . In Identifying and treating sex offenders: Current approaches, research, and techniques , Edited by: Geffner , R. , Franey , K. C. , Arnold , T. G. and Falconer , R. 233 – 253 . New York : The Haworth Press .
   Google Scholar
• Saleh , F. M. , Niel , T. and Fishman , M. J. 2004 . Treatment of paraphilia in young adults with leuprolide acetate: a preliminary case report series . Journal of Forensic Science. , 49 : 1343 – 1348 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiffer , B. , Peschel , T. , Paul , T. , Gizewski , E. , Forsting , M. Leygraf , N. 2007 . Structural brain abnormalities in the frontostriatal system and cerebellum in pedophilia . Journal of Psychiatric Research. , 41 : 753 – 762 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiltz , K. , Witzel , J. , Northoff , G. , Zierhut , K. , Gubka , U. Fellmann , H. 2007 . Brain pathology in pedophilic offenders: evidence of volume reduction in the right amygdala and related diencephalic structures . Archives of General Psychiatry. , 64 : 737 – 746 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stompe , T. 2007 . [Drug-therapy with sexual offenders] . Neuropsychiatry. , 21 : 12 – 17 .
   Google Scholar
• Testa , M. 2002 . The impact of men's alcohol consumption on perpetration of sexual aggression . Clinical Psychology Review. , 22 : 1239 – 1263 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman , S. E. and Brecklin , L. R. 2000 . Alcohol and adult sexual assault in a national sample of women . Journal of Substance Abuse. , 11 : 405 – 420 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1992 . Classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines , Geneva : Author . The ICD-10
   Google Scholar