A Follow-up Interview of Patients Eight Years after Discharge from a Maximum Security Forensic Psychiatry Unit in Norway

REFERENCES

• Andrews , D. A. , Bonta , J. and Wormith , J. 2006 . The recent past and near future of risk and/or need assessment . Crime and Delinquency. , 52 : 7 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonta , J. , Law , M. and Hanson , K. 1998 . The prediction of criminal and violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin. , 123 : 123 – 142 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchanan , A. 1998 . Criminal conviction after discharge from special (maximum security) hospital . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 172 : 472 – 476 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coid , J. , Hickey , N. , Kahtan , N. , Zhang , T. and Yang , M. 2007 . Patients discharged from medium secure forensic psychiatry services: Reconvictions as risk factors . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 190 : 223 – 229 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coid , J. , Hickey , N. and Yang , M. 2007 . Comparison of outcome following after-care from forensic and general psychiatric services . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 190 : 509 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davison , S. , Jamieson , E. and Taylor , P. J. 1999 . Route of discharge for special (high-security) hospital patients with personality disorder: Relationship with reconviction . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 175 : 224 – 227 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Douglas , K. S. , Guy , L. S. and Hart , S. D. 2009 . Psychosis as a risk factor for violence to others: A meta-analysis . Psychological Bulletin. , 135 : 679 – 706 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan , J. M. , Short , A. , Lewis , J. S. G. and Barrett , P. T. 2002 . Re-admission to the State Hospital at Carstairs, 1992-1997 . Health Bulletin. , 60 : 70 – 82 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fioritti , A. , Ferriani , E. , Rucci , P. and Melega , V. 2006 . Characteristics of homicide perpetrators among Italian forensic hospital inmates . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , 29 : 212 – 219 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grann , M. , Belfrage , H. and Tengstrøm , A. 2000 . Actuarial assessment of risk for violence: Predictive validity of the VRAG and the historical part of the HCR-20 . Criminal Justice and Behavior. , 27 : 97 – 114 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray , N. S. , Taylor , T. and Snowden , R. J. 2008 . Predicting violent reconvictions using the HCR-20 . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 192 : 384 – 387 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgins , S. 2008 . Violent behaviour among people with schizophrenia: A framework for investigations of causes, and effective treatment, and prevention . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. , 363 : 2505 – 2518 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodgins , S. , Tengstrøm , A. , Erikson , A. , Østerman , R. , Kronstrand , R. and Eaves , D. 2007 . A multisite study of community treatment programs for mentally ill offenders with major mental disorders: Design, measures, and the forensic sample . Criminal Justice and Behavior. , 34 : 211 – 228 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jamieson , L. and Taylor , P. J. 2005 . Patients leaving English maximum security hospitals: Do discharge cohorts change over time? . International Journal of Forensic Mental Health , 4 : 71 – 87 .
   Google Scholar
• Jones , S. H. , Thornicroft , G. , Coffey , M. and Dunn , G. 1995 . A brief mental health outcome scale: Reliability and validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 166 : 654 – 659 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberti , J. S. 2007 . Understanding and preventing criminal recidivism among adults with psychotic disorders . Psychiatric Services. , 58 : 773 – 781 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , D. T. 2003 . Community-treated and discharged forensic patients: An 11-year follow-up . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. , 26 : 289 – 300 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maden , A. , Rutter , S. , McClintock , T. , Friendship , C. and Gunn , J. 1999 . Outcome of admission to a medium secure unit . British Journal of Psychiatry. , 175 : 313 – 316 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMahon , C. , Butwell , M. and Taylor , P. J. 2003 . Changes in patterns of excessive alcohol consumption in 25 years of high security hospital admissions from England and Wales . Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. , 13 : 17 – 31 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parloff , M. B. , Kelman , H. C. and Frank , J. D. 1954 . Comfort, effectiveness, and self-awareness as criteria for improvement in psychotherapy . American Journal of Psychiatry , 3 : 343 – 351 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips , H. K. , Gray , N. S. , MacCulloch , S. I. , Taylor , J. , Moore , S. C. , Huckle , P. and MacCulloch , M. J. 2005 . Risk assessment in offenders with mental disorders. Relative efficacy of personal, demographic, criminal history, and clinical variables . Journal of Interpersonal Violence , 20 : 833 – 847 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preti , A. , Picardi , A. , Fioritti , A. , Cappiello , V. , Santone , G. and de Girolamo , G. 2008 . A comparison between former forensic and non-forensic patients living in psychiatric residential facilities: A national survey in Italy . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology. , 19 : 108 – 126 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahota , S. , Davies , S. , Duggan , C. and Clarke , M. 2009 . The fate of medium secure patients discharged to generic or specialised services . Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology. , 20 : 74 – 84 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schwartz , R. C. 2007 . Concurrent validity of the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale for clients with schizophrenia . Psychological Reports. , 100 : 571 – 574 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Søderberg , P. , Tungstrøm , S. and Armelius , B. Å. 2005 . Reliability of Global Assessment of Functioning Scale made by clinical psychiatric staff . Psychiatric Services. , 56 : 434 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stang , J. , Sandli , C. S. , Moger , T. A. and Bjørkly , S. 2009 . Patients admitted to a maximum security forensic psychiatry unit in Norway: A case file analysis of demographic, psychosocial, clinical and criminal characteristics . International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. , 8 : 235 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Tengstrøm , N. and Hodgins , S. 2002 . Criminal behavior of forensic and general psychiatric patients with schizophrenia: Are they different? . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 106 ( Suppl. 412 ) : 62 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vatne , S. and Bjørkly , S. 2008 . Empirical evidence for using subjective quality of life as an outcome variable in clinical studies: A meta-analysis of correlates and predictors in persons with major mental disorder living in the community . Clinical Psychology Review. , 28 : 869 – 889 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . 1995 . International classification of diseases and related health problems 10th Revision , Geneva : Author .
   Google Scholar