Forensic Psychiatric Patients with Comorbid Psychopathy: Double Trouble?

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). Rehabilitating criminal justice policy and practice. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 16(1), 39–55. doi: 10.1037/a0018362
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bo, S., Forth, A., Kongerslev, M., Haahr, U. H., Pedersen, L., & Simonsen, E. (2013). Subtypes of aggression in patients with schizophrenia: The role of personality disorders. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 23(2), 124–137. doi: 10.1002/cbm.1858
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogaerts, S., Polak, M., Spreen, M., & Zwets, A. (2012). High and low aggressive narcissism and anti-social lifestyle in relationship to impulsivity, hostility, and empathy in a group of forensic patients in the Netherlands. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 12(2), 147–162. doi: 10.1080/15228932.2012.650144
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonta, A., Blais, J., & Wilson, H. (2014). A theoretically informed meta-analysis of the risk for general and violent recidivism for mentally disordered offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19, 278–287. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buffington-Vollum, J., Edens, J. F., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, J. K. (2002). Psychopathy as a predictor of institutional misbehavior among sex offenders: A prospective replication. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 29(5), 497–511. doi: 10.1177/009385402236730
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bulten, E., & Decoene, S. (2015). Management van psychopathie in een klinische context. In W. Canton, L. Claes, L. Gijs, I. Jeandarme, E. Klein-Haneveld & D. van Beek (Eds.), Handboek Psychopathie en de Antisociale-Persoonlijkheidsstoornis (pp. 359–375). Utrecht, The Netherlands: De Tijdstroom.
   Google Scholar
• Chakhssi, F., de Ruiter, C., & Bernstein, D. (2010). Change during forensic treatment in psychopathic versus nonpsychopathic offenders. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(5), 660–682. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2010.483283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cooke, D. J., & Michie, C. (1999). Psychopathy across cultures: North America and Scotland compared. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 108(1), 58–68. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cullen, A. E., Jewell, A., Tully, J., Coghlan, S., Dean, K., & Fahy, T. (2015). A prospective cohort study of absconsion incidents in forensic psychiatric settings: Can we identify those at high-risk? PLoS One, 10(9), e0138819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138819
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D'Silva, K., Duggan, C., & McCarthy, L. (2004). Does treatment really make psychopaths worse? A review of the evidence. Journal of Personality Disorders, 18(2), 163–177.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeMatteo, D., Edens, J. F., Galloway, M., Cox, J., Smith, S. T., Koller, J. P., & Bersoff, B. (2014). Investigating the role of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised in United States case law. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 20(1), 96–107. doi: 10.1037/a0035452
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, M., & Davies, G. (2006). Psychopathy and institutional outcome in patients with schizophrenia in forensic settings in the UK. Schizophrenia Research, 81(2–3), 277–281. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dolan, M., & Millington, J. (2002). The influence of personality traits such as psychopathy on detained patients using the NHS complaints procedure in forensic settings. Personality and Individual Differences, 33(6), 955–965.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edens, J. F., Marcus, D. K., Lilienfeld, S. O., & Poythress, N. G. (2006). Psychopathic, not psychopath: Taxometric evidence for the dimensional structure of psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(1), 131–144. doi: 10.1037/0021-843X.115.1.131
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Every-Palmer, S., Brink, J., Chern, T. P., Choi, W. K., Hern-Yee, J. G., Green, B., … Mellsop, G. (2014). Review of psychiatric services to mentally disordered offenders around the Pacific Rim. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 6(1), 1–17. doi: 10.1111/appy.12109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felthous, A. R. (2015). The appropriateness of treating psychopathic disorders. CNS Spectrums, 20(3), 182–189. doi: 10.1017/s1092852915000243
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fullam, R., & Dolan, M. (2006). The criminal and personality profile of patients with schizophrenia and comorbid psychopathic traits. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1591–1602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gacono, C. B., Meloy, J. R., Speth, E., & Roske, A. (1997). Above the law: Escapes from a maximum security forensic hospital and psychopathy. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 25(4), 547–550.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gow, R. L., Choo, M., Darjee, R., Gould, S., & Steele, J. (2010). A demographic study of the Orchard Clinic: Scotland's first medium secure unit. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(1), 139–155. doi: 10.1080/14789940903188956
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guy, L. S., Edens, J. F., Anthony, C., & Douglas, K. S. (2005). Does psychopathy predict institutional misconduct among adults? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1056–1064. doi: 10.1037/0022-006X.73.6.1056
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanson, R. K., & Bussiere, M. T. (1998). Predicting relapse: A meta-analysis of sexual offender recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(2), 348–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hare, R. D. (2003). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
   Google Scholar
• Hare, R. D., Clark, D., Grann, M., & Thornton, D. (2000). Psychopathy and the predictive validity of the PCL-R: An international perspective. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 18(5), 623–645.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hart, S. D., & Hare, R. D. (1989). Discriminant validity of the Psychopathy Checklist in a forensic psychiatric population. Psychological Assessment, 1(3), 211–218.
   Google Scholar
• Heilbrun, K., Hart, S. D., Hare, R. D., Gustafson, D., Nunez, C., & White, A. J. (1998). Inpatient and postdischarge aggression in mentally disordered offenders: The role of psychopathy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(4), 514–527. doi: 10.1177/088626098013004007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrand, M., & de Ruiter, C. (2012). Psychopathic traits and change on indicators of dynamic risk factors during inpatient forensic psychiatric treatment. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 35(4), 276–288. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2012.04.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hildebrand, M., De Ruiter, C., & Nijman, H. (2004). PCL-R psychopathy predicts disruptive behavior among male offenders in a Dutch forensic psychiatric hospital. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(1), 13–29. doi: 10.1177/0886260503259047
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, C. D., Rogers, R., & Bickford, M. E. (1996). Predicting aggressive and socially disruptive behavior in a maximum security forensic psychiatric hospital. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 41(1), 56–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson, J., Shine, J., & Roberts, R. (2000). How do psychopaths behave in a prison therapeutic community? Psychology, Crime & Law, 6(2), 139–154. doi: 10.1080/10683160008410838
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeandarme, I., Edens, J. F., Habets, P., Bruckers, L., Oei, T. I., & Bogaerts, S. (2017). PCL-R field validity in prison and hospital settings. Law and Human Behavior, 41(1), 29–43. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000222
   Google Scholar
• Jeandarme, I., Pouls, C., De Laender, J., Oei, T. I., Bogaerts, S. (2016). Field validity of the HCR-20 in forensic medium security units in Flanders. Psychology, Crime & Law. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2016.1258467
   Google Scholar
• Levenson, J. S. (2004). Reliability of sexually violent predator civil commitment criteria in Florida. Law and Human Behavior, 28(4), 357–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcus, D. K., Lilienfeld, S. O., Edens, J. F., & Poythress, N. G. (2006). Is antisocial personality disorder continuous or categorical? A taxometric analysis. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1571–1581. doi: 10.1017/S0033291706008245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurran, M., & Theodosi, E. (2007). Is treatment non-completion associated with increased reconviction over no treatment? Psychology, Crime & Law, 13(4), 333–343. doi: 10.1080/10683160601060374
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, C. S., Kimonis, E. R., Otto, R. K., Kline, S. M., & Wasserman, A. L. (2012). Reliability of risk assessment measures used in sexually violent predator proceedings. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 944–953. doi: 10.1037/a0028411
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moens, I., & Pauwelyn, L. (2012). Geen opsluiting, maar sleutels tot re-integratie. Voorstellen voor een gecoördineerd zorgtraject voor geïnterneerden. Brussels, Belgium: Zorgnet Vlaanderen.
   Google Scholar
• Morrissey, C., Mooney, P., Hogue, T. E., Lindsay, W. R., & Taylor, J. L. (2007). Predictive validity of the PCL-R for offenders with intellectual disability in a high security hospital: Treatment progress. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 32(2), 125–133. doi: 10.1080/13668250701383116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neal, T., Miller, S. L., & Shealy, R. C. (2015). A field study of a comprehensive violence risk assessment battery. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(9), 952–968. doi: 10.1177/0093854815572252
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newhill, C., Vaughn, M., & DeLisi, M. (2010). Psychopathy scores reveal heterogeneity among patients with borderline personality disorder. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 21(2), 202–220. doi: 10.1080/14789940903281157
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ogloff, J. R. P., Wong, S., & Greenwood, A. (1990). Treating criminal psychopaths in a therapeutic community program. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 8(2), 181–190. doi: 10.1002/bsl.2370080210
   Google Scholar
• Olver, M. E., Lewis, K., & Wong, S. C. (2013). Risk reduction treatment of high-risk psychopathic offenders: The relationship of psychopathy and treatment change to violent recidivism. Personality Disorders, 4(2), 160–167. doi: 10.1037/a0029769
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olver, M. E., Stockdale, K. C., & Wormith, J. S. (2011). A meta-analysis of predictors of offender treatment attrition and its relationship to recidivism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(1), 6–21. doi: 10.1037/a0022200
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olver, M. E., & Wong, S. (2011). Predictors of sex offender treatment dropout: Psychopathy, sex offender risk, and responsivity implications. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(5), 457–471. doi: 10.1080/10683160903318876
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Polaschek, D. L., & Ross, E. C. (2010). Do early therapeutic alliance, motivation, and stages of change predict therapy change for high-risk, psychopathic violent prisoners? Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 20(2), 100–111. doi: 10.1002/cbm.759
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reidy, D. E., Kearns, M. C., & DeGue, S. (2013). Reducing psychopathic violence: A review of the treatment literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(5), 527–538. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2013.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiss, D., Grubin, D., & Meux, C. (1999). Institutional performance of male ‘psychopaths’ in a high-security hospital. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 10(2), 290–299. doi: 10.1080/09585189908403682
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rice, M. E., Harris, G. T., & Cormier, C. A. (1992). An evaluation of a maximum security therapeutic community for psychopaths and other mentally disordered offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 16(4), 399–412.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, H., Casey, J., & Lucente, S. (2003). Psychopathy and treatment response in incarcerated female substance abusers. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 30(2), 251–276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salekin, R. T., Worley, C., & Grimes, R. D. (2010). Treatment of psychopathy: A review and brief introduction to the mental model approach for psychopathy. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(2), 235–266. doi: 10.1002/bsl.928
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salize, H. J., & Dressing, H. (2007). Admission of mentally disordered offenders to specialized forensic care in fifteen European Union member states. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(4), 336–342. doi: 10.1007/s00127-007-0159-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuringa, E., Spreen, M., & Bogaerts, S. (2014). Inter-rater and test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and factorial structure of the Instrument for Forensic Treatment Evaluation. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 14(2), 127–144. doi: 10.1080/15228932.2014.897536
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simourd, D., & Hoge, R. (2000). Criminal psychopathy. A risk-and-need erspective. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 27(2), 256–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skeem, J. L., Manchak, S., & Peterson, J. K. (2011). Correctional policy for offenders with mental illness: Creating a new paradigm for recidivism reduction. Law and Human Behavior, 35(2), 110–126. doi: 10.1007/s10979-010-9223-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tengström, A., Hodgins, S., Grann, M., Langström, N., & Kullgren, G. (2004). Schizophrenia and criminal offending. The role of psychopathy and substance use disorders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 31(4), 367–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vertommen, H., Verheul, R., de Ruiter, C., & Hildebrand, M. (2002). Handleiding bij de herziene versie van Hare's Psychopathie Checklist. Lisse: Swets Test Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Vitacco, M. J., Van Rybroek, G. J., Rogstad, J. E., Yahr, L. E., Tomony, J. D., & Saewert, E. (2009). Predicting short-term institutional aggression in forensic patients: A multi-trait method for understanding subtypes of aggression. Law and Human Behavior, 33(4), 308–319. doi: 10.1007/s10979-008-9155-7
   Google Scholar
• Walters, G. D. (2003). Predicting institutional adjustment and recidivism with the Psychopathy Checklist factor scores: A meta-analysis. Law and Human Behavior, 27(5), 541–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walters, G. D., & Heilbrun, K. (2010). Violence risk assessment and facet 4 of the Psychopathy Checklist: Predicting institutional and community aggression in two forensic samples. Assessment, 17(2), 259–268. doi: 10.1177/1073191109356685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webster, C. D., Douglas, K. S., Eaves, D., & Hart, S. D. (1997). HCR-20: Assessing risk for violence (Version 2). Burnaby, Canada: Simon Fraser University.
   Google Scholar
• Wong, S. C., Gordon, A., & Gu, D. (2007). Assessment and treatment of violence-prone forensic clients: Âaan integrated approach. British Journal of Psychiatry, 49( Suppl), s66–74. doi: 10.1192/bjp.190.5.s66
   Google Scholar
• Wong, S. C., Gordon, A., Gu, D., Lewis, K., & Olver, M. (2012). The effectiveness of violence reduction treatment for psychopathic offenders: Empirical evidence and a treatment model. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 11(4), 336–349. doi: 10.1080/14999013.2012.746760
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wong, S. C., & Olver, M. E. (2015). Risk reduction treatment of psychopathy and applications to mentally disordered offenders. CNS Spectrums, 20(3), 303–310. doi: 10.1017/s1092852915000322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar