1,401
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Changing ideas about natural resources: tourists' perspectives on the wilderness and power production in Iceland

&
Pages 404-421 | Received 14 Jan 2015, Accepted 07 Oct 2015, Published online: 11 Nov 2015

References

  • Alþingi. (2005). 131. löggjafarþing. Þingskjal 1032–638. mál. Þingsályktun um ferðamál [The 131st legislative assembly A. Parliament paper 1032–638. case. Parliamentary resolution on tourism]. Reykjavik: Althingi. Retrieved from http://www.althingi.is/altext/131/s/1280.html
  • Alþingi. (2013). 141. löggjafarþing. Þingskjal 892 – 89. mál. Þingsályktun um áætlun um vernd og orkunýtingu landsvæða. [The 141st legislative assembly A. Parliament paper 892–89. case. Parliamentary resolution on protection and utilitation of regions]. Reykjavík: Author. Retrieved from http://www.althingi.is/altext/141/s/0892.html
  • Arnalds, Ó., Þórarinsdóttir, E. F., Metusalemsson, S., Jónsson, Á., Grétarsson, E., & Árnason, A. (1997). Jarðvegsrof á Íslandi [Soil Erosion in Iceland]. Reykjavik: Landgræðsla ríkisins og Rannsóknastofnun landbúnaðarins.
  • Arnórsson, S. (2012). Eðli og endurnýjanleiki jarðvarmakerfa [The nature and renewability of geothermal systems]. Náttúrufræðingurinn, 82(1–4), 49–72.
  • Benediktsson, K., & Karlsdóttir, A. (2011). Iceland: Crisis and regional development – Thanks for all the fish? European Urban and Regional Studies, 18(2), 228–235.
  • Björnsson, J. (1970). Um náttúruvernd með sérstöku tilliti til virkjana á Íslandi [About nature conservation with special regard to power plants in Iceland]. Samvinnan, 2, 23–27.
  • Callicott, J. B., & Nelson, M. P. (1998). Introduction. In J. B. Callicott & M. P. Nelson (Eds.), The great new wilderness debate (pp. 1–22). Athens: The University of Georgia Press.
  • Castree, N. (2005). Nature. London, New York: Routledge.
  • Cope, M. (2010). Coding transcripts and diaries. In N. Clifford, S. French, & G. Valentine (Eds.), Key methods in geography (2nd ed., pp. 440–452). Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
  • Cronon, W. (1998). The trouble with wilderness; or, getting back to the wrong nature. In W. Cronon (Ed.), Uncommon ground: Rethinking the human place in nature (pp. 69–90). New York, CA: W. W. Norton.
  • Demeritt, D. (2002). What is the ‘social construction of nature’? A typology and sympathetic critique. Progress in Human Geography, 26(6), 767–790. doi:10.1191/0309132502ph402oa
  • Frantál, B., & Kunc, J. (2011). Wind turbines in tourism landscapes. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 499–519. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.10.007
  • Gardner. (1978). The meaning of wilderness: A problem of definition. Contact – Journal of Urban and Environmental Affairs, 10(1), 7–33.
  • Gladden, J. N. (2002). Origin of political conflict in arctic wilderness areas (Vol. Proceedings RMRS-P-26). Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.
  • Hall, C. M. (1992). Wasteland to world heritage: Preserving Australia's wilderness. Carlton: Melbourne University Press.
  • Hall, C. M., & Saarinen, J. (2010). Polar tourism: Definitions and dimensions. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(4), 1–13. doi:10.1080/15022250.2010.521686
  • Hallikainen, V. (2000). The Finnish “social wilderness”. In D. Cole & S. F. Mccool (Eds.), Wilderness science in a time of change ( Vol. RMRS-P-15-VOL-2, pp. 205–217). Ogden, UT: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
  • Hannam, K., & Knox, D. (2005). Discourse analysis in tourism research: A critical perspective. Tourism Recreation Research, 30(2), 23–30. doi:10.1080/02508281.2005.11081470
  • Hreinsson, E. B. (2007). Deregulation, environmental and planning policy in the Icelandic energy system. Proceedings Clean Electrical Power, ICCEP ‘07, 283–290. doi:10.1109/ICCEP.2007.384224
  • Huijbens, E. H., & Benediktsson, K. (2007). Practising highland heterotopias: Automobility in the interior of Iceland. Mobilities, 2(1), 143–165. doi:10.1080/17450100601106518
  • Huijbens, E. H., & Benediktsson, K. (2013). Inspiring the visitor? Landscapes and horizons of hospitality. Tourist Studies, 1(1), 1–20. doi:10.1177/1468797613490378
  • Icelandic Nature Conservation Act. ( no 44, section 1, 1999).
  • Icelandic Tourist Board. (2012). International visitors in Iceland: Visitor survey summer 2011. Reykjavík: Author.
  • Icelandic Tourist Board. (2015). Heildarfjöldi erlendra gesta 1949–2014 [The total number of foreign guests 1949–2014]. Reykjavík: Author. Retrieved from http://www.ferdamalastofa.is/is/tolur-og-utgafur/fjoldi-ferdamanna
  • Icelandic Travel Industry Association. (2007). Ályktun frá aðalfundi 2007 [A resolution from the 2007 annual general meeting of the Icelandic Travel Industry Association]. Retrieved from http://saf.is/is/starfsemi/adalfundir/adalfundur_2007/.
  • The Icelandic Travel Industry Association. (2011). Ársskýrsla 2010–2011 [Annual report 2010–2011]. Retrieved from http://www.saf.is/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/files/a_dofinni/adalfundur_2010/saf-skyrsla.pdf
  • Jóhannesson, G. T., Huijbens, E. H., & Sharpley, R. (2010). Icelandic tourism: Past directions—future challenges. Tourism Geographies, 12(2), 278–301. doi:10.1080/14616680903493670
  • Jónsson, Á., Hauksson, G., Jónsson, J. G., & Þorgeirsson, L. Þ. (2013). Sæstrengur og hagur heimilana. Greining áhrifa sæstrengs á afkomu heimila landsins [Submarine cable and welfare of the households. An analyses of the impact of a submarine cable on the financial standing of the households in the country]. Retrieved from http://www.landsvirkjun.is/Media/GAMMA_Saestrengur.pdf
  • Karlsdóttir, U. B. (2010). Þar sem fossarnir falla. Náttúrusýn og nýting fallvatna á Íslandi 1900–2008 [Where the waterfalls fall. The view of nature and the use of hydro power in Iceland 1900–2008]. Reykjavík: Hið íslenzka fornritafélag.
  • Kitchin, R., & Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting research in human geography: Theory, methodology and practice. Harlow: Pearson Education.
  • Landsvirkjun. (2011). Ársskýrsla [Yearly report]. Retrieved from http://www.landsvirkjun.is/media/2011/LV_arsskyrsla_2011.pdf
  • Landsvirkjun. (2013). Research & Development. Research. Submarine Cable to Europe. Retrieved from http://www.landsvirkjun.com/researchdevelopment/research/submarinecabletoeurope
  • Manning, R. E. (1999). Studies in outdoor recreation: Search and research for satisfaction (2nd ed.). Corvallis: Oregon State University Press.
  • Ministry for the Environment. (2011). In Aagot V. Óskarsdóttir (Ed.), Hvítbók um löggjöf til verndar náttúru Íslands [White book on nature protection law in Iceland]. Reykjavík: Author.
  • Ministry for the Environment & The National Planning Agency. (1999). The Central Highlands, regional plan 2015 [Miðhálendi Íslands, Svæðisskipulag 2015]. Reykjavík: Author.
  • Nash, R. (2014). Wilderness and the American mind (5th ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • OECD. (2014a, 04/09/2014). Iceland must balance growth in power and tourism industries with nature conservation. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/iceland/iceland-must-balance-growth-in-power-and-tourism-industries-with-nature-conservation.htm
  • OECD. (2014b). OECD environmental performance reviews: Iceland 2014. Author.
  • Oelschlaeger, M. (1991). The idea of wilderness: From prehistory to the age of ecology. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Ólafsdóttir, R., & Runnström, M. C. (2011). How wild is Iceland? Assessing wilderness quality with respect to nature based tourism. Tourism Geographies, 13(2), 280–298. doi:10.1080/14616688.2010.531043
  • Ólafsson, S. (2013). Well-being in the Nordic countries. An International comparison. Icelandic Review of Politics and Administration, 9(2), 345–372.
  • Park, J., Jorgensen, A., Swanwick, C., & Seman, P. (2008). Perceived landscape impacts of mobile telecommunications development in the Peak District National Park, England. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 51(5), 679–699. doi:10.1080/09640560802218529
  • Penman, R. (2001). Environmental matters and communications challenges. In A. Fill & P. Mühlhäuser (Eds.), The ecolinguistics reader: Language, ecology and environment (pp. 143–153). London: Continuum.
  • Pickerill, J. (2008). From wilderness to wild country: The power of language in environmental campaigns in Australia. Environmental Politics, 17(1), 95–104. doi:10.1080/09644010701811681
  • Proctor, J. D. (1998). The social construction of nature: Relativist accusations, pragmatist and critical realist responses. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 88(3), 352–376.
  • Saarinen, J. (1998). Wilderness, tourism development, and sustainability: Wilderness attitudes and place ethics. Paper presented at the Personal, societal, and ecological values of wilderness: Sixth World Wilderness Congress proceedings on research, management, and allocation, volume I, Bangalore, India.
  • Saarinen, J. (2013). ‘Tourism into the wild’: The limits of tourism in wilderness. In A. Holden & D. A. Fennell (Eds.), The Routledge Hhandbook of tourism and the environment (pp. 145–154). London: Routledge.
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D. (2010a). Planning nature tourism in Iceland based on tourist attitudes. Tourism Geographies, 12(1), 25–52. doi:10.1080/14616680903493639
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D. (2010b). Tourism struggling as the Icelandic wilderness is developed. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 10(3), 334–357. doi:10.1080/15022250.2010.495485
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D. (2013). Managing popularity: Changes in tourist attitudes to a wilderness destination. Tourism Management Perspectives, 7, 47–58. doi:10.1016/j.tmp.2013.04.005
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D. (2014). Preserving wilderness at an emerging tourist destination. Journal of Management and Sustainability, 4(3). doi:10.5539/jms.v4n3p65
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D., Hall, C. M., & Saarinen, J. (2011). Making wilderness: Tourism and the history of the wilderness idea in Iceland. Polar Geography, 34(4), 249–273. doi:10.1080/1088937x.2011.643928
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D., & Ólafsson, R. (2010a). Nature tourism assessment in the Icelandic master plan for geothermal and hydropower development. Part I: Rapid evaluation of nature tourism resources. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 5(4), 311–331. doi:10.1080/1743873X.2010.517839
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D., & Ólafsson, R. (2010b). Nature tourism assessment in the Icelandic master plan for geothermal and hydropower development. Part II: Assessing the impact of proposed power plants on tourism and recreation. Journal of Heritage Tourism, 5(4), 333–349. doi:10.1080/1743873X.2010.517840
  • Sæþórsdóttir, A. D., & Saarinen, J. (2015). Challenges due to changing ideas of natural resources: Tourism and power plant development in the Icelandic wilderness. Polar Record. doi:10.1017/S0032247415000273
  • Statistics Iceland. (2015a). External trade. Trade in goods and services. Trade in services. Major items of the exports of goods and services 2009–2014. Retrieved from http://hagstofan.is/pages/2271
  • Statistics Iceland. (2015b). Manufacturing and energy. Energy. Installed capacity and generation in public power plants 1976–2013. Retrieved from http://hagstofa.is/Hagtolur/Idnadur-og-orkumal/Orkumal
  • Statistics Iceland. (2015c). Tourism, transportation and information technology. Overnight. Overnights in huts in wilderness [Ferðamál, samgöngur og upplýsingatækni. Gisting. Gistinætur í skálum í óbyggðum]. Retrieved from http://hagstofan.is/Hagtolur/Ferdamal-samgongur-UT/Gisting
  • Steering committee for the master plan for geothermal and hydropower. (2011). Niðurstöður 2. áfanga rammaáætlunar [Results from the 2nd phase of the master plan]. Reykjavík: Author. Retrieved from http://www.idnadarraduneyti.is/media/Acrobat/Rammaaaetlun-1.pdf
  • Strauss, A. L., & Corbin, J. M. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Talbot, C. (1998). The wilderness narrative and the cultural logic of capitalism. In J. B. Callicott & M. P. Nelson (Eds.), The great new wilderness debate (pp. 325–336). Athens: The University of Georgia Press.
  • Thórhallsdóttir, T. E. (2007a). Environment and energy in Iceland: A comparative analysis of values and impacts. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 27(6), 522–544. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2006.12.004
  • Thórhallsdóttir, T. E. (2007b). Strategic planning at the national level: Evaluating and ranking energy projects by environmental impact. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 27(6), 545–568. doi:10.1016/j.eiar.2006.12.003
  • Tyrväinen, L., Mäntymaa, E., & Ovaskainen, V. (2014). Demand for enhanced forest amenities in private lands: The case of the Ruka-Kuusamo tourism area, Finland. Forest Policy and Economics, 47, 4–13. doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2013.05.007
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2015). International Energy Statistics. Renewables. Electricity Generation. Europe. Total renewables electricity generation. Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/cfapps/ipdbproject/iedindex3.cfm?tid=6&pid=29&aid=12&cid=r3,&syid=2010&eyid=2010&unit=BKWH
  • Williams, D. R. (2002, May 15–17, 2001). The social construction of arctic wilderness: Place meanings, value pluralism, and globalization. Paper presented at the Wilderness in the Circumpolar North: Searching for compatibility in ecological, traditional, and ecotourism, values, University of Alaska, Anchorage.
  • The World Bank. (2013). Population, total. Retrieved from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
  • Yeung, H. (1997). Critical realism and realist research in human geography: A method or a philosophy in search of a method? Progress in Human Geography, 21(1), 51–74.
  • Zimmermann, E. W. (1951). World resources and industries. New York, NY: Harper and Row.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.