Media Publicity and Civil Society: Nonprofit Organizations, Local Newspapers and the Internet in a Midwestern Community

REFERENCES

• Altschull , J. H. ( 1984 ). Agents of power: The role of the news media in human affairs . New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Bahr , H. M. , & Caplow , T. ( 1991 ). Middletown as an urban case study . In R. Feagin , A. M. Orum , & G. Sjoberg (Eds.), A case of the case study (pp. 80 – 120 ). Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bakardjieva , M. , & Feenberg , A. (2002). Community technology and democratic rationalization. The Information Society , 18, 181–192.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloomberg , W. , Jr. ( 1967 ). Community organization . In H. S. Becker (Ed.), Social problems: A modern approach (pp. 359 – 425 ). New York : Wiley & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Cohen , J. , & Cohen , P. ( 1983 ). Applied multiple regression/Correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences , (2nd ed.) . Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
   Google Scholar
• Cooper , M. ( 2003 ). Media ownership and democracy in the digital information age: Promoting diversity with First Amendment principles and market structure analysis . Stanford , CA : Creative Commons .
   Google Scholar
• Cordes , J. J. , & Weisbrod , B. A. ( 1998 ). Differential taxation of nonprofits and the commercialization of nonprofit revenues . Journal of Policy Analysis and Management , 17 ( 2 ), 195 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , D. L. , & Kahn , M. E. ( 2003 ). Understanding the American decline in social capital, 1952–1998 . KYKLOS , 56 , 17 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cress , D. M. , McPherson , J. M. , & Rotolo , T. ( 1997 ). Competition and commitment in voluntary memberships: The paradox of persistence and participation . Sociological Perspectives , 40 ( 1 ), 61 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg , L. ( 2001 ). Computer-mediated communication and the public sphere: A critical analysis . Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication , 7 ( 1 ), Retrieved May 3, 2006, from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol7/issue1/dahlberg.html
   Google Scholar
• Dahlgren , P. ( 2005 ). The Internet, public spheres, and political communication: Dispersion and deliberation . Political Communication , 22 , 147 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Tocqueville , A. ( /1990 ). Democracy in America . New York : Vintage . (Original work published 1835)
   Google Scholar
• Donohue , G. A. , Tichenor , P. J. , & Olien , C. N. ( 1995 ). A guard dog perspective on the role of media . Journal of Communication , 45 ( 2 ), 115 – 132 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engelman , R. ( 1996 ). Public radio and television in America: A political history . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Ester , P. , & Vinken , H. ( 2003 ). Debating civil society: On the fear for civic decline and hope for the Internet alternative . International Sociology , 18 ( 4 ), 659 – 680 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etzioni , A. ( 1993 ). The sprit of community: The reinvention of American society . New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Friedland , L. A. ( 2001 ). Communication, community, and democracy: Toward a theory of the communicatively integrated community . Communication Research , 28 ( 4 ), 358 – 391 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedland , L. A. , & McLeod , J. M. ( 1999 ). Community integration and mass media: A reconsideration . In D. P. Demers & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Mass media, social control and social change (pp. 197 – 226 ). Ames : Iowa State University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Froelich , K. A. ( 1999 ). Diversification of revenue strategies: Evolving resource dependence in nonprofit organizations . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 28 ( 3 ), 246 – 268 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Froelich , K. A. , Knoepfle , T. W. , & Pollak , T. H. ( 2000 ). Financial measures in nonprofit organization research: Comparing IRS 990 return and audited financial statement data . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 29 ( 2 ), 232 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz , J. ( 1979 ). Exchange networks and community politics . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz , J. , & Bielefeld , W. ( 1998 ). Nonprofit organizations in an age of uncertainty: A study of organizational change . New York : Aldine De Gruyter .
   Google Scholar
• Gans , H. ( 1979 ). Deciding what's news: A study of CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News, Newsweek, and Time . New York : Random House .
   Google Scholar
• Gant , C. , & Dimmick , J. ( 2000 ). Making local news: A holistic analysis of sources, selection criteria, and topics . Journal of Mass Communication Quarterly , 77 ( 3 ), 628 – 638 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibelman , M. ( 2004 ). Reflections on boards and board membership . Administration in Social Work , 28 ( 2 ), 49 – 62 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg , J. & Walters , D. (2004). Promoting philanthropy? News publicity and voluntary organizations in Canada. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , 15(4), 383–404.
   Google Scholar
• Grønbjerg , K. A. ( 2002 ). Evaluating nonprofit database . American Behavioral Scientist , 45 ( 11 ), 1741 – 1777 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habermas , J. ( 1989 ). The structural transformation of the public sphere (T. Burger, Trans.) . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press . (Original work published 1962)
   Google Scholar
• Iecovich , E. ( 2005 ). Environmental and organizational features and their impact on structural and functional characteristics of boards in nonprofit organizations . Administration in Social Work , 29 ( 3 ), 43 – 59 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs , R. N. , & Glass , D. J. ( 2002 ). Media publicity and the voluntary sector: The case of nonprofit organizations in New York City . Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations , 13 ( 3 ), 235 – 252 .
   Google Scholar
• Kaniss , P. ( 1991 ). Making local news . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Klein , H. K. ( 1999 ). Tocqueville in cyberspace: Using the internet for citizen associations . The Information Society , 15 ( 4 ), 213 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoke , D. ( 1983 ). Organizations sponsorship and influence reputation of social influence associations . Social Forces , 61 ( 4 ), 1065 – 1087 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoke , D. ( 1990 ). Political networks: The structural perspective . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Lampkin , L. M. , & Boris , E. ( 2002 ). Nonprofit organization data: What we have and what we need . American Behavioral Scientist , 45 ( 11 ), 1675 – 1715 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann , E. O. , Galaskiewicz , J. , & Marsden , P. V. ( 1978 ). Community structure as interorganizational linkages . Annual Review of Sociology , 4 , 455 – 484 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laumann , E. O. , Marsden , P. V. , & Galaskiewicz , J. ( 1977 ). Community influence structures: Replication and extension of a network approach . American Journal of Sociology , 31 , 169 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• Laumann , E. O. , & Pappi , F. U. ( 1976 ). Networks of collective action: A perspective on community influence systems . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mass Communication Research Center . ( 2002 ). Annual media use and community engagement survey . School of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison .
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. W. ( 1997 ). Corporate media and the threat to democracy . New York : Seven Stories Press .
   Google Scholar
• McChesney , R. W. ( 1999 ). Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in dubious times . Urbana : University of Illinois Press .
   Google Scholar
• McPherson , J. M. , & Rotolo , T. ( 1996 ). Testing a dynamic model of social composition: Diversity and change in voluntary groups . American Sociological Review , 61 ( 2 ), 179 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Middleton , M. ( 1987 ). Nonprofit boards of directors: Beyond the governance function . In W. W. Powell (Ed.), The nonprofit sector (pp. 141 – 152 ). New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Mollenhoff , D. ( 2003 ). Madison, a history of the formative years . Madison : University of Wisconsin Press .
   Google Scholar
• Newton , K. ( 2001 ). Trust, social capital, civil society, and democracy . International Political Science Review , 22 ( 2 ), 201 – 214 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Regan , K. , & Oster , S. M. ( 2005 ). Dose the structure and composition of the board matter? The case of nonprofit organizations . The Journal of Law, Economics, & Organizations , 21 ( 1 ), 205 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papacharissi , Z. ( 2000 ). The virtual sphere: The internet as a public sphere . New Media & Society , 4 ( 1 ), 9 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J. ( 1981 ). Power in organizations . Boston : Pitman .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J. (1988). A resource dependency perspective on intercorporate relations. In M. Mizruchi & M. Schwartz (Eds.), Intercorporate relations (pp. 25–55). New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Pfeffer , J. , & Salancik , G. R. ( 1978 ). The external control of organizations . New York : Harper & Row .
   Google Scholar
• Popielarz , P. A. , & McPherson , J. M. ( 1995 ). On the edge or in between: Niche position, niche overlap, and the duration of voluntary association memberships . The American Journal of Sociology , 101 ( 3 ), 698 – 720 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. ( 1995a ). Bowling alone. America's declining social capital . Journal of Democracy , 6 , 65 – 78 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. ( 1995b ). Tuning in, tuning out the strange disappearance of social capital in America . PS: Political Science & Politics , 284 , 664 – 683 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. ( 1996 ). The strange disappearance of civic America . The American Prospect , 24 , 34 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Putnam , R. D. ( 2000 ). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community . New York : Simon & Schuster .
   Google Scholar
• Rich , P. ( 1999 ). American voluntarism, social capital, and political culture . Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , 565 , 15 – 34 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roscho , B. ( 1975 ). Newsmaking . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• Rudney , G. ( 1987 ). The scope and dimensions of nonprofit activity . In W. W. Powell (Ed.), The nonprofit sector . (pp. 55 – 64 ) New Haven , CT : Yale University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Salamon , L. M. ( 1992 ). America's nonprofit sector: A primer . New York : The Foundation Center .
   Google Scholar
• Salancik , G. R. , & Pfeffer , J. ( 1977 ). Who gets the power—and how they hold on to it: A strategic-contingency model of power . Organizational Dynamics , 5 , 3 – 21 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiller , D. ( 1999 ). Digital capitalism: Networking the global marketing system . Cambridge , MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schmid , H. , & Nirel , R. ( 2004 ). Ownership and age in nonprofit and for-profit home care organizations: What makes the difference ? Administration in Social Work , 28 ( 3/4 ), 183 – 200 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuller , D. ( 1996 ). New community networks: Wired for change . New York : Addison-Wesley .
   Google Scholar
• Shah , D. V. , McLeod , J. M. , & Yoon , S.-H. ( 2001 ). Communication, context, and community: An exploration of print, broadcast, and internet influences . Communication Research , 28 ( 4 ), 464 – 506 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shoemaker , P. J. , & Reese , S. D. ( 1996 ). Mediating the message: Theories of influence on mass media content . New York : Longman .
   Google Scholar
• Sigal , L. V. ( 1973 ). Reporters and officials . Lexington , MA : Heath .
   Google Scholar
• Skocpol , T. ( 2003 ). Diminished democracy: From membership to management in American civic life . Norman : University of Oklahoma Press .
   Google Scholar
• Tang , F. Y. ( 2008 ). Socioeconomic disparities in voluntary organization involvement among older adults . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 37 ( 1 ), 57 – 75 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Media Audit . ( 2005 ). Local market news release . Available from http://www.themediaaudit.com/
   Google Scholar
• Tichenor , P. J. , Donohue , G. A. , & Olien , C. N. ( 1980 ). Community conflict and the press . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
   Google Scholar
• Tuchman , G. ( 1978 ). Making news: A study in the construction of reality . New York : The Free Press .
   Google Scholar
• Verba , S. , Schlozman , K. L. , & Brady , H. E. ( 1995 ). Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics . Cambridge , MA : Harvard University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wagner , A. ( 2000 ). Reframing “social origins” theory: The structural transformation of the public sphere . Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly , 29 ( 4 ), 541 – 553 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warren , M. E. (2001). Democracy and association . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wellman , B. ( 1999 ). The network community: An introduction . In B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in the global village: Life in contemporary communities (pp. 1 – 47 ). Boulder , CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Wellman , B. , Carrington , P. J. , & Hall , A. ( 1988 ). Networks as personal communities . In B. Wellman & S. D. Berkowitz (Eds.), Social structures: A network approach (Vol. 2 ) (pp. 130 – 184 ). Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wellman , B. , & Gulia , M. ( 1999 ). Net-surfers don't ride alone: Virtual communities as communities . In B. Wellman (Ed.), Networks in the global village: Life in contemporary communities (pp. 331 – 366 ). Boulder , CO : Westview .
   Google Scholar
• Wuthnow , R. ( 1991 ). Between states and markets: The voluntary sector in comparative perspective . Princeton , NJ : Princeton University Press .
   Google Scholar