772
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

When the East Meets the West: An Examination of Third-Person Perceptions About Idealized Body Image in Singapore

Pages 423-445 | Published online: 19 Oct 2009

REFERENCES

  • AC Nielsen. ( 2004 ). Consumers in Asia-Pacific: Our weight, diet, fitness and personal grooming . New York : Author . Retrieved on October 31, 2005, from http://www2.acnielsen.com/reports/documents/2004_ap_diet.pdf
  • Brosius , H.-B. , & Engel , D. ( 1996 ). The causes of third-person effects: Unrealistic optimism, impersonal impact, or generalized negative attitudes towards media influence? International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 8 ( 2 ), 142 – 162 .
  • Brown , J. D. , & Kobayashi , C. (2003). Self-enhancement in Japan & America. Asian Journal of Social Psychology , 5, 145–168.
  • Chia , S. C. , Lu , K. , & McLeod , D. M. ( 2004 ). Sex, lies, and video compact disc: A case study on third-person perception and motivations for media censorship . Communication Research , 31 ( 1 ), 109 – 130 .
  • Cohen , J. , Mutz , D. , Price , V. , & Gunther , A. C. ( 1988 ). Perceived impact of defamation: An experiment on third-person effects . Public Opinion Quarterly , 52 ( 2 ), 161 – 173 .
  • David , P. , & Johnson , M. A. ( 1998 ). The role of self in third-person effects about body image . Journal of Communication , 48 ( 4 ), 37 – 58 .
  • David , P. , Morrison , G. , Johnson , M. A. , & Ross , F. ( 2002 ). Body image, race, and fashion models: Social distance and social identification in third-person effects . Communication Research , 29 ( 3 ), 270 – 294 .
  • Davison , W. P. ( 1983 ). The third-person effect in communication . Public Opinion Quarterly , 47 ( 1 ), 1 – 15 .
  • Driscoll , P. D. , & Salwen , M. B. ( 1997 ). Self-perceived knowledge of the OJ Simpson trial: Third-person perception and perceptions of guilt . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 74 ( 3 ), 541 – 556 .
  • Duck , J. M. , Terry , D. J. , & Hogg , M. A. ( 1995 ). The perceived influence of AIDS advertising: Third-person effects in the context of positive media content . Basic and Applied Social Psychology , 17 ( 3 ), 305 – 325 .
  • Eveland , W. P. , Jr. , Nathanson , A. I. , Detenber , B. H. , & McLeod , D. M. ( 1999 ). Rethinking the social distance corollary: Perceived likelihood of exposure and the third-person perception . Communication Research , 26 ( 3 ), 275 – 302 .
  • Frith , K. T. , Shaw , P. , & Cheng , H. ( 2005 ). The construction of beauty: A cross-cultural analysis of women's magazine advertising . Journal of Communication , 55 ( 1 ), 56 – 70 .
  • Gardner , R. C. ( 2001 ). Psychological statistics using SPSS for Windows . Upper Saddle River , NJ : Prentice Hall .
  • Goodman , J. R. , & Walsh-Childers , K. ( 2004 ). Sculpting the female breast: How college women negotiate the media's ideal breast image . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 81 ( 4 ), 657 – 674 .
  • Gunther , A. C. ( 1995 ). Overrating the X-rating: The third-person perception and support for censorship of pornography . Journal of Communication , 45 ( 1 ), 27 – 38 .
  • Gunther , A. C. , & Ang , P. H. ( 1996 ). Public perceptions of television influence and opinions about censorship in Singapore . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 8 ( 3 ), 248 – 265 .
  • Gunther , A. C. , & Mundy , P. ( 1993 ). Biased optimism and the third-person effect . Journalism Quarterly , 7 ( 1 ), 58 – 67 .
  • Gunther , A. C. , & Thorson , E. ( 1992 ). Perceived persuasive effects of product commercials and public service announcements . Communication Research , 19 ( 5 ), 574 – 96 .
  • Harrison , K. ( 2001 ). Ourselves, our bodies: Thin-ideal media, self-discrepancies, and eating disorder symptomatology in adolescents . Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , 20 ( 3 ), 289 – 323 .
  • Heine , S. J. , & Lehman , D. R. ( 1997 ). The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 72 ( 6 ), 1268 – 1283 .
  • Heine , S. J. , Lehman , D. R. , Markus , H. R. , & Kitayama , S. ( 1999 ). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychology Review , 106 , 766 – 794 .
  • Herzog , D. B. , & Copeland , P. M. ( 1985 ). Eating disorders . New England Journal of Medicine , 313 , 295 – 303 .
  • Ho , T. F. , Tai , B. C. , Lee , E. L. , Cheng , S. , & Liow , P. H. (2006). Prevalence and profile of females at risk of eating disorders in Singapore. Singapore Medical Journal , 47(6), 499–503.
  • Jain , S. C. ( 1989 ). Standardization of international marketing strategy: Some research hypotheses . Journal of Marketing , 53 ( 1 ), 70 – 79 .
  • Keel , P. K. , & Klump , K. L. ( 2003 ). Are eating disorders culture-bound syndromes? Implications for conceptualizing their etiology . Psychological Bulletin , 129 ( 5 ), 747 – 769 .
  • Kline , R. B. ( 1998 ). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling . New York : Guilford .
  • Lambe , J. L. , & McLeod , D. M. ( 2005 ). Understanding third-person perception processes: Predicting perceived impact on self and others for multiple expressive contexts . Journal of Communication , 55 ( 2 ), 277 – 291 .
  • Lasorsa , D. ( 1989 ). Real and perceived effects of “Amerika” . Journalism Quarterly , 66 ( 2 ), 373 – 378 .
  • Lee , C. , & Yang , S. ( 1996 ). Third-person perception and support for censorship of sexually explicit visual content: A Korean case . Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication , Anaheim , CA .
  • Lee , H. Y. , Lee , E. L. , & Chan , P. Y. H. ( 2005 ). Anorexia nervosa in Singapore: An eight-year retrospective study . Singapore Medical Journal , 46 ( 6 ), 275 – 281 .
  • Lee , S. ( 1993 ). How abnormal is the desire for slimness? A survey of eating attitudes and behavior among Chinese undergraduates in Hong Kong . Psychological Medicine , 23 ( 2 ), 437 – 451 .
  • Markus , H. R. , & Kitayama , S. ( 1991 ). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation . Psychological Review , 98 , 224 – 253 .
  • McLeod , D. M. , Detenber , B. H. , & Eveland , W. P. , Jr. ( 2001 ). Behind the third-person effect: Differentiating perceptual processes for self and other . Journal of Communication , 51 ( 4 ), 678 – 695 .
  • McLeod , D. M. , Eveland , W. P. , Jr. , & Nathanson , A. I. ( 1997 ). Support for censorship of violent and misogynic rap lyrics: An analysis of the third-person effect . Communication Research , 24 ( 2 ), 153 – 174 .
  • Meirick , P. C. ( 2005 ). Rethinking the target corollary: The effects of social distance, perceived exposure, and perceived predispositions on first-person and third-person perceptions . Communication Research , 32 , 822 – 843 .
  • Milkie , M. A. ( 1999 ). Social comparisons, reflected appraisals, and mass media: The impact of pervasive beauty images on black and white girls' self-concepts . Social Psychology Quarterly , 62 ( 2 ), 190 – 210 .
  • National Institutes of Health. ( 1997, August 26 ). Psychiatric symptoms may signal brain damage from diet pills [NIH news release] . Rockville , MD : Author . Retrieved on October 28, 2006, from http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/aug97/nimh-26.htm
  • Paul , B. , Salwen , M. B. , & Dupagne , M. ( 2000 ). The third-person effect: A meta-analysis of the perceptual hypothesis . Mass Communication & Society , 3 ( 1 ), 57 – 85 .
  • Perloff , R. M. ( 2002 ). The third-person effect . In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 489 – 506 ). Hillsdale , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • Rojas , H. , Shah , D. V. , & Faber , R. F. ( 1996 ). For the good of others: Censorship and the third-person effect . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 8 ( 2 ), 163 – 186 .
  • Salwen , M. B. , & Dupagne , M. ( 2001 ). Third-person perception of television violence: The role of self-perceived knowledge . Media Psychology , 3 ( 3 ), 211 – 236 .
  • Salwen , M. B. , & Dupagne , M. ( 2003 ). News of Y2K and experiencing Y2K: Exploring the relationship between the third-person effect and optimistic bias . Media Psychology , 5 ( 1 ), 57 – 82 .
  • Scharrer , E. ( 2002 ). Third-person perception and Television violence: The role of out-group stereotyping in perceptions of susceptibility to effects . Communication Research , 29 , 681 – 704 .
  • Singapore Department of Statistics. ( 2001 ). Singapore census report 2000 . Singapore : Author . Retrieved on February 16, 2007, from http://www.singstat.gov.sg/keystats/c2000/r1/indicators.pdf
  • Stunkard , A. J. , Sorenson , T. , & Schlusinger , F. ( 1980 ). Use of the Danish adoption register for the study of obesity and thinness . In S. Kety (Ed.), The genetics of neurological and psychiatric disorders (pp. 115 – 120 ). New York : Raven .
  • Thomsen , S. R. ( 2002 ). Health and beauty magazine reading and body shape concerns among a group of college women . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 79 ( 4 ), 988 – 1007 .
  • Weinstein , N. D. ( 1980 ). Unrealistic optimism about future life events . Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , 39 ( 5 ), 806 – 820 .
  • Weinstein , N. D. ( 1989 ). Optimistic biases about personal risks . Sciences , 246 ( 4935 ), 1232 – 1233 .
  • Wu , W. , & Koo , S. H. ( 2001 ). Perceived effects of sexually explicit internet content: The third-person effect in Singapore . Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly , 78 ( 2 ), 260 – 274 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.