2,951
Views
47
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
ARTICLES

Peace Journalism: Principles and Structural Limitations in the News Coverage of Three Conflicts

Pages 361-384 | Published online: 25 Aug 2010

REFERENCES

  • Allan , S. , & Zelizer , B. (Eds.). ( 2004 ). Reporting war: Journalism in wartime . London : Routledge .
  • Allen , T. , & Seaton , J. ( 1999 ). The media of conflict: War reporting and representations of ethnic violence . London : Zed .
  • Austrian Study Center for Peace and Conflict Resolution . (Ed.). ( 2003 ). Constructive conflict coverage. A social psychological approach . Berlin , Germany : Regener .
  • Bennett , W. L. ( 2003 ). Operation perfect storm: The press and the Iraq war [Electronic version] . Political Communication Report , 13 ( 3 ), International Communication Association and American Political Science Association; Retrieved October 9, 2004, from www.ou.edu/policom/1303_2003_fall/bennett.htm
  • Carruthers , S. L. ( 2000 ). The media at war: Communication and conflict in the twentieth century . New York : St. Martin's Press .
  • Chenoy , A. M. ( 2002 , June 4 ). Gujarat carnage: The politics of gender in the politics of hate . Aman Ekta Manch Digest, 3 . Retrieved November 7, 2006, from http://www.onlinevolunteers.org/gujarat/news/articles/gender-politics.htm
  • Combs , J. ( 1993 ). From the Great War to the Gulf War . In R. Denton (Ed.), Popular entertainment and the legitimation of warfare. The media and the Persian Gulf War (pp. 262 – 273 ). Westport , CT : Praeger .
  • Entman , R. ( 1991 ). Framing U.S. coverage of international news: Contrasts in narratives of the KAL and Iran Air incidents . Journal of Communication , 41 ( 4 ), 6 – 27 .
  • Entman , R. ( 1993 ). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm . Journal of Communication , 43 ( 4 ), 51 – 58 .
  • Field , A. ( 2005 ). Discovering statistics using SPSS . London : Sage.
  • Galtung , J. ( 1986 ). On the role of the media in worldwide security and peace . In T. Varis (Ed.), Peace and communication (pp. 249 – 266 ). San Jose , Costa Rica : Universidad para La Paz .
  • Galtung , J. (2002a). Media: Peace journalism . Retrieved on September 25, 2003, from https://www.nicr.ca/programs/PeaceJournalism.htm
  • Galtung , J. ( 2002b ). Peace journalism—A challenge . In W. Kempf & H. Luostarinen (Eds.), Journalism and the new world order. Vol. 2: Studying war and the media (pp. 259 – 272 ). Goteborg , Sweden : Nordicom .
  • Galtung , J. , & Ruge , M. H. ( 1965 ). The structure of foreign news . Journal of Peace Research , 2 ( 1 ), 64 – 90 .
  • Gamson , W. A. ( 1989 ). News as framing: Comments on Graber . American Behavioral Scientist , 33 , 157 – 166 .
  • Gamson , W. A. ( 1992 ). Talking politics . New York : Cambridge University Press .
  • Graber , D. A. ( 1980 ). Mass media and American politics . Washington , DC : Congressional Quarterly Press .
  • Hachten , W. A. , & Scotton , J. ( 2006 ). The world news prism: Global information in a satellite world . Malden , MA : Blackwell .
  • Hackett , R. A. ( 1989 ). Spaces for dissent: The press and the politics of peace in Canada . Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the International Communication Association , San Francisco , California .
  • Hallin , D. C. ( 1986 ). The uncensored war . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Hallin , D. C. ( 1987 ). Hegemony: The American news media from Vietnam to El Salvador, a study of ideological change and its limits . In D. Paletz (Ed.), Political communication research (pp. 3 – 25 ). Norwood , NJ : Ablex .
  • Hallin , D. C. , & Gitlin , T. ( 1994 ). The Gulf war as popular culture and TV drama . In W. L. Bennett & D. L. Paletz (Eds.), Taken by storm: The media, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War (pp. 149 – 163 ). Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Hess , S. ( 1996 ). International news and foreign correspondents . Washington , DC : Brookings Institute .
  • Hiebert , R. E. ( 2003 ). Public relations and propaganda in framing the Iraq war: A preliminary review [Electronic version] . Public Relations Review , 29 , 243 – 255 .
  • Iggers , J. ( 1998 ). Good news, bad news: Journalism ethics and the public interest . Boulder , CO : Westview .
  • Iyengar , S. ( 1991 ). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues . Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Iyengar , S. , & Simon , A. ( 1994 ). News coverage of the Gulf crisis and public opinion . In W. L. Bennett & D. L. Paletz (Eds.), Taken by storm: The media, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War (pp. 167 – 186 ). Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Jasperson , A. E. , Shah , D. V. , Watts , M. , Faber , R. J. , & Fan , D. P. ( 1998 ). Framing and the public agenda: Media effects on the importance of the federal budget deficit . Political Communication , 15 , 205 – 224 .
  • Keeble , R. ( 1998 ). Not the Gulf war: A study of the UK press coverage of the 1991 and 1998 Iraq crises . In P. Lee (Ed.), The media and the Persian Gulf War (pp. 5 – 15 ). London : World Association for Christian Communication .
  • Kempf , W. ( 2003 ). Constructive conflict coverage—A social-psychological research and development program . Conflict & Communication Online , 2 ( 2 ). Retrieved on January 12, 2008, from www.cco.regener-online.de
  • Khan , T. N. ( 2003 ). Small town news: Gujarat in the media and memory of Aligarh . Unpublished master's thesis, University of London. Retrieved on November 7, 2005, from http://bocs.hu/india/taran-khan-disstn.htm
  • Knightley , P. ( 1975 ). The first casualty . New York : Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch .
  • Knightley , P. ( 2000 ). War journalism under fire . Committee for Peace in the Balkans. Retrieved on April 1, 2003, from http://www.peaceinbalkans.freeserve.co.uk
  • Knightley , P. (2004). The first casualty: War correspondent as hero and myth-maker from the Crimea to Iraq . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Lang , G. E. , & Lang , K. ( 1994 ). The press as prologue: Media coverage of Saddam's Iraq 1979–1990 . In W. L. Bennett & D. L. Paletz (Eds.), Taken by storm: the media, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy in the Gulf War (pp. 43 – 62 ). Chicago : University of Chicago Press .
  • Lawrence , R. ( 2006 , April–June ). Seeing the whole board: New institutional analysis of news content . Political Communication , 23 , 225 – 230 .
  • Lee , S. T. , & Maslog , C. C. ( 2005 , June ). War or peace journalism? Asian newspaper coverage of regional conflicts . Journal of Communication , 55 , 311 – 329 .
  • Lee , S. T. , Maslog , C. C. , & Kim , H. S. ( 2006 ). Asian conflicts and the Iraq war . International Communication Gazette , 68 ( 5–6 ), 499 – 518 .
  • Lynch , J. ( 1998 ). The peace journalism option . Conflict and Peace Forums . Retrieved on May 20, 2003, from http://www.conflictandpeace.org/6pub/3pub.html
  • Lynch , J. ( 1999 ). What are journalists for? Conflict and Peace Forums . Retrieved on May 20, 2003, from http://www.conflictandpeace.org/6pub/2pub.html
  • Lynch , J. ( 2000 ). Using conflict analysis in reporting. Conflict and Peace Forums. Retrieved on May 20, 2003, from http://www.transnational.org/features/2000/LynchPart1.html
  • Lynch , J. ( 2002 ). Reporting the world . Taplow : Conflict & Peace Forums .
  • Lynch , J. ( 2003a , February 19 ). Iraq: Broadening the agenda . Retrieved on October 16, 2003, from http://www.basicint.org/iraqconflict/Pubs/Discussion%20Papers/DS190203.htm
  • Lynch , J. ( 2003b , July 15 ). Reporting Iraq: What went right? Retrieved on October 16, 2003, from http://www.basicint.org/iraqconflict/Pubs/Discussion%20Papers/DS080903.htm
  • Lynch , J. , & McGoldrick , A. ( 2005 ). War and peace journalism in the Holy Land . Social Alternatives , 24 ( 1 ), 11 – 15 .
  • Lynch , J. , & McGoldrick , A. ( 2006 ). Peace journalism . London : Hawthorn .
  • McCombs , M. ( 1994 ). The future agenda for agenda setting research . Journal of Mass Communication Studies , 45 , 181 – 217 .
  • McCombs , M. , & Bell , T. ( 1996 ). The agenda-setting role of mass communication . In M. Salwen & D. Stacks (Eds.), An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 93 – 110 ). Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • McCombs , M. , Lopez-Escobar , E. , & Llamas , J. P. ( 2000 ). Setting the agenda of indicators in the 1996 Spanish General Election . Journal of Communication , 50 ( 2 ), 77 – 92 .
  • McCombs , M. , Shaw , D. L. , & Weaver , D. ( 1997 ). Communication and democracy: Exploring the intellectual frontiers in agenda-setting theory . Mahwah , NJ : Erlbaum .
  • McGoldrick , A. , & Lynch , J. ( 2000 ). Peace journalism—How to do it . Retrieved on June 2, 2003, from http://www.transcend.org/pjmanual.htm
  • McLeod , D. M. , & Hertog , J. K. ( 1998 ). Social control and the mass media's role in the regulation of protest group: The communicative acts perspective . In D. Demers & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Mass media, social control and social change (pp. 305 – 330 ). Ames : Iowa State University Press .
  • Nadaraja , S. ( 2005 ). Sri Lanka's Vernacular Press and the Peace Process. A report in the Sri Lanka Strategic Conflict Assessment 2005 . Colombo , Sri Lanka : Asia Foundation .
  • Nassanga , L. G. ( 2007 ). Peace journalism applied: An assessment of media coverage of the conflict in northern Uganda . Conflict and Communication Online , 6 ( 2 ). Retrieved on January 12, 2008 from www.cco.regener-online.de
  • Paletz , D. L. , & Entman , R. M. ( 1981 ). Media power politics . New York : Free Press .
  • Pedelty , M. ( 1995 ). War stories: The culture of foreign correspondents . New York : Routledge .
  • Pfau , M. , Haigh , M. , Gettle , M. , Donelly , M. , Scott , G. , et al.. (2004). Embedding journalists in military combat units: Impact on newspaper story frames and tone. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 81(1), 74–88.
  • Press Council of India . ( 2003 ). Communal violence in Gujarat: Role of the media . Retrieved on November 6, 2005, from http://www.hvk.org/specialrepo/pci/
  • Price , V. , Tewksbury , D. , & Powers , E. ( 1997 ). Switching trains of thought: The impact of news frames on readers' cognitive responses . Communication Research , 24 , 481 – 506 .
  • Reese , S. D. , & Buckalew , B. ( 1995 ). The militarization of local television: The routine framing of the Persian Gulf War . Critical Studies in Mass Communication , 12 ( 1 ), 41 – 56 .
  • Riffe , D. , Aust , C. , Jone , T. , Shoemaker , B. , & Sundar , S. ( 1994 ). The shrinking foreign news hole of the New York Times . Newspaper Research Journal , 15 ( 3 ), 74 – 88 .
  • Rosenblum , M. ( 1979 ). Coups and earthquakes: Reporting the Third World for America . New York : Harper & Row .
  • Scheufele , D. A. ( 1999 ). Framing as a theory of media effects . Journal of Communication , 49 ( 1 ), 101 – 120 .
  • Schuck , A. R. , & de Vreese , C. H. ( 2006 ). Between risk and opportunity. News framing and its effects on public support for EU enlargement . European Journal of Communication , 21 ( 1 ), 5 – 32 .
  • Shoemaker , P. , & Reese , S. ( 1996 ). Mediating the message: Theories of influences on mass media content () , 2nd ed. . White Plains , NY : Longman .
  • Sigal , L. V. ( 1973 ). Reporters and officials . Lexington , MA : D.C. Heath .
  • Tankard , J. W. , Hendrickson , L. , Silberman , J. , Bliss , K. , & Ghanem , S. ( 1991 , August ). Media frames: Approaches to conceptualization and measurement . Annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication , Boston .
  • Thorson , E. ( 2006 ). Print news and health psychology . Journal of Health Psychology , 11 , 175 – 182 .
  • Toffler , A. , & Toffler , H. ( 1994 ). War and anti-war: Survival at the dawn of the 21st century . Boston : Little, Brown .
  • Tuchman , G. ( 1978 ). Making news: A study in the construction of reality . Beverly Hills , CA : Sage .
  • Van Ginneken , J. ( 1998 ). Understanding global news: A critical introduction . Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage .
  • Waslekar , S. ( 1995 ). Track-two diplomacy in South Asia . Bombay , India : International Center for Peace Initiatives . Retrieved on November 6, 2005, from http://www.acdis.uiuc.edu/Research/OPs/Waslekar/Waslekar.pdf
  • Willnat , L. , Aw , A. , Hamdy , N. , He , Z. , Menayang , V. , et al. . ( 2006 ). Media use, anti-Americanism and international support for the Iraq War . International Communication Gazette , 68 , 533 – 550 .
  • Wolfsfeld , G. ( 1997 ). Promoting peace through the news media: Some initial lessons from the peace process . Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics , 2 ( 2 ), 52 – 70 .
  • Wolfsfeld , G. ( 2004 ). Media and the path to peace . Cambridge , UK : Cambridge University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.