References
- Arnett, J. J. (1995). Adolescents’ uses of media for self-socialization. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 519–533. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537054
- Arnett, J. J. (2001). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood: Perspectives from adolescence through midlife. Journal of Adult Development, 8(2), 133–143. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026450103225
- Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory of mass communication. Media Psychology, 3(3), 265–299. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0303_03
- Bastiaensens, S., Vandebosch, H., Poels, K., Van Cleemput, K., DeSmet, A., & De Bourdeaudhuij, I. (2014). Cyberbullying on social network sites. An experimental study into bystanders’ behavioural intentions to help the victim or reinforce the bully. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 259–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.036
- Bouchey, H. A., & Furman, W. (2008). Dating and romantic experiences on adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbooks of developmental psychology. Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 313–329). Blackwell Pub.
- Brown, B. B., & Larson, J. (2009). Peer relationships in adolescence. In R. M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Eds.), Handbook of adolescent psychology: Volume 2: Contextual influences on adolescent development (pp. 74–103). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002004
- Campbell, R. (2006). Teenage girls and cellular phones: Discourses of independence, safety and ‘rebellion.’ Journal of Youth Studies, 9(2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676260600635649
- Chan, M. (2018). Mobile-mediated multimodal communications, relationship quality and subjective well-being: An analysis of smartphone use from a life course perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 254–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.027
- Cheng, C., Wang, H. ‑. Y., Sigerson, L., & Chau, C. ‑. L. (2019). Do the socially rich get richer? A nuanced perspective on social network site use and online social capital accrual. Psychological Bulletin, 145(7), 734–764. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000198
- Crockett, L. J., Raffaelli, M., & Moilanen, K. L. (2008). Adolescent sexuality: Behavior and meaning. In G. R. Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbooks of developmental psychology. Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 371–392). Blackwell Pub.
- Doornwaard, S. M., Moreno, M. A., Van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Vanwesenbeeck, I., & Ter Bogt, T. F. M. (2014). Young adolescents’ sexual and romantic reference displays on Facebook. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 55(4), 535–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.04.002
- Edgerly, S., Thorson, K., Thorson, E., Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (2018). Do parents still model news consumption? Socializing news use among adolescents in a multi-device world. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1263–1281. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816688451
- Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (2008). The Network Relationships Inventory-Relationship Qualities Version (NRI-RQV). https://doi.org/10.13072/midss.387
- Hall, J. A., & Baym, N. K. (2011). Calling and texting (too much): Mobile maintenance expectations, (over)dependence, entrapment, and friendship satisfaction. New Media & Society, 14(2), 316–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444811415047
- Hamaker, E. L. (2018). How to run the RI‐CLPM with Mplus. https://www.statmodel.com/download/RI-CLPM%20Hamaker%20input.pdf
- Hamaker, E. L., Kuiper, R. M., & Grasman, R. P. P. P. (2015). A critique of the cross-lagged panel model. Psychological Methods, 20(1), 102–116. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038889
- Havighurst, R. J. (1976). Developmental tasks and education (3rd ed., 4 print). McKay.
- Heinz, W. R. (2002). Self-socialization and post-traditional society. In R. A. Settersten & T. J. Owens (Eds.), Advances in life course research: V. 7. New frontiers in socialization (pp. 41–64). JAI.
- Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
- Humphreys, L., Karnowski, V., & von Pape, T. (2018). Smartphones as metamedia: A framework for identifying the niches structuring smartphone use. International Journal of Communication, (12), 2793–2809. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/7922/2397
- Jensen, K. B. (2016). Metamedium. In K. B. Jensen, R. T. Craig, J. Pooley, & E. W. Rothenbuhler (Eds.), The international encyclopedia of communication theory and philosophy (pp. 1–4). Wiley.
- Kalogeraki, S., & Papadaki, M. (2015). The impact of mobile phones on teenagers’ socialization and emancipation. In Z. Yan (Ed.), Encyclopedia of mobile phone behavior (Vol. 52, pp. 12–24). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.ch002
- Keijsers, L. (2016). Parental monitoring and adolescent problem behaviors. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 40(3), 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025415592515
- Lenhart, A., Smith, A., & Anderson, M. (2015, October). Teens, technology and romantic relationships. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/10/01/teens-technology-and-romantic-relationships/
- Ling, R. (2010). Texting as a life phase medium. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 15(2), 277–292. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2010.01520.x
- Ling, R., & Yttri, B. (2006). Control, emancipation and status: The mobile telephone in the teen’s parental and peer group control relationships. In R. E. Kraut, M. Brynin, & S. Kiesler (Eds.), Oxford series in human-technology interaction: Vol. 2. Computers, phones, and the Internet: Domesticating information technology (pp. 219–234). Oxford University Press.
- Mascheroni, G., & Vincent, J. (2016). Perpetual contact as a communicative affordance: Opportunities, constraints, and emotions. Mobile Media & Communication, 4(3), 310–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157916639347
- Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest. (2020). JIM-Studie 2020. Jugend, Information, Medien: Basisuntersuchung zum Medienumgang 12- bis 19-Jähriger. https://www.lfk.de/forschung/mediennutzungsstudien/jim-studie-2020
- Meier, A., & Reinecke, L. (2020). Computer-mediated communication, social media, and mental health: A conceptual and empirical meta-review. Communication Research, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650220958224
- O’Sullivan, P. B., & Carr, C. T. (2018). Masspersonal communication: A model bridging the mass-interpersonal divide. New Media & Society, 20(3), 1161–1180. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816686104
- Odgers, C. L., Schueller, S. M., & Ito, M. (2020). Screen time, social media use, and adolescent development. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 2(1), 485–502. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-121318-084815
- Olmstead, S. B. (2020). A decade review of sex and partnering in adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(2), 769–795. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12670
- Orben, A. (2020). Teenagers, screens and social media: A narrative review of reviews and key studies. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(4), 407–414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01825-4
- Peter, J., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2008). Adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit Internet material, sexual uncertainty, and attitudes toward uncommitted sexual exploration: Is there a link? Communication Research, 35(5), 579–601. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208321754
- Pew Research Center. (May 2018). Teens, social media and technology 2018. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-2018/
- Prot, S., Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., Warburton, W., Saleem, M., Groves, C. L., & Brown, S. C. (2016). Media as agents of socialization. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 276–300). The Guilford Press.
- Reinecke, L., Aufenanger, S., Beutel, M. E., Dreier, M., Quiring, O., Stark, B., Wölfling, K., & Müller, K. W. (2017). Digital stress over the life span: The effects of communication load and internet multitasking on perceived stress and psychological health impairments in a German probability sample. Media Psychology, 20(1), 90–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2015.1121832
- Riesmeyer, C. (2020). Children’s agency in the media socialization process. In L. Green, D. Holloway, K. Stevenson, T. Leaver, & L. Haddon (Eds.), Routledge companion to digital media and children (pp. 327–336). Routledge.
- Scharkow, M. (2016). The accuracy of self-reported Internet use—A validation study using client log data. Communication Methods and Measures, 10(1), 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2015.1118446
- Schneider, F. M., Zwillich, B., Bindl, M. J., Hopp, F. R., Reich, S., & Vorderer, P. (2017). Social media ostracism: The effects of being excluded online. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.03.052
- Slater, M. D. (2007). Reinforcing spirals: The mutual influence of media selectivity and media effects and their impact on individual behavior and social identity. Communication Theory, 17(3), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00296.x
- Smetana, J. G., Robinson, J., & Rote, W. M. (2016). Socialization in adolescence. In J. E. Grusec & P. D. Hastings (Eds.), Handbook of socialization: Theory and research (pp. 60–84). The Guilford Press.
- Steele, J. R., & Brown, J. D. (1995). Adolescent room culture: Studying media in the context of everyday life. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(5), 551–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01537056
- Symons, K., Ponnet, K., Walrave, M., & Heirman, W. (2018). Sexting scripts in adolescent relationships: Is sexting becoming the norm? New Media & Society, 20(10), 3836–3857. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818761869
- Tobin, D. D., Menon, M., Menon, M., Spatta, B. C., Hodges, E. V. E., & Perry, D. G. (2010). The intrapsychics of gender: A model of self-socialization. Psychological Review, 117(2), 601–622. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018936
- Twenge, J. M., Blake, A. B., Haidt, J., & Campbell, W. K. (2020). Commentary: Screens, teens, and psychological well-being: Evidence from three time-use-diary studies. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 181. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00181
- Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Preadolescents’ and adolescents’ online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 267–277. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.267
- Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). The effects of instant messaging on the quality of adolescents’ existing friendships: A longitudinal study. Journal of Communication, 59(1), 79–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.01405.x
- Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2011). Online communication among adolescents: An integrated model of its attraction, opportunities, and risks. The Journal of Adolescent Health: Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 48(2), 121–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2010.08.020
- Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2013). The differential susceptibility to media effects model. Journal of Communication, 63(2), 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12024
- Van Oosten, J. M. F., Vandenbosch, L., & Peter, J. (2017). Gender roles on social networking sites: Investigating reciprocal relationships between Dutch adolescents’ hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity and sexy online self-presentations. Journal of Children and Media, 11(2), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2017.1304970
- Vanden Abeele, M. M. P. (2016). Mobile youth culture: A conceptual development. Mobile Media & Communication, 4(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157915601455
- Vanden Abeele, M. M. P., Campbell, S. W., Eggermont, S., & Roe, K. (2014). Sexting, mobile porn use, and peer group dynamics: Boys’ and girls’ self-perceived popularity, need for popularity, and perceived peer pressure. Media Psychology, 17(1), 6–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2013.801725
- Vanden Abeele, M. M. P., Schouten, A. P., & Antheunis, M. L. (2017). Personal, editable, and always accessible: An affordance approach to the relationship between adolescents’ mobile messaging behavior and their friendship quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 34(6), 875–893. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407516660636
- Vandenbosch, L., Beyens, I., Vangeel, L., & Eggermont, S. (2016). Online communication predicts Belgian adolescents’ initiation of romantic and sexual activity. European Journal of Pediatrics, 175(4), 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-015-2666-6
- Vorderer, P., Hefner, D., Reinecke, L., & Klimmt, C. (Eds.). (2018). Permanently online, permanently connected: Living and communicating in a POPC world. Routledge.
- Weber, M. (2015). Der soziale Rezipient: Medienrezeption als gemeinschaftliche Identitätsarbeit in Freundeskreisen Jugendlicher. Springer VS. Imprint.
- Weber, M., Quiring, O., & Daschmann, G. (2012). Peers, parents and pornography: Exploring adolescents’ exposure to sexually explicit material and its developmental correlates. Sexuality & Culture, 16(4), 408–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-012-9132-7
- Yan, Z. (2018). Child and adolescent use of mobile phones: An unparalleled complex developmental phenomenon. Child Development, 89(1), 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12821
- Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., & Collins, W. A. (2008). Autonomy development during adolescence. In G. R. Adams & M. D. Berzonsky (Eds.), Blackwell handbooks of developmental psychology. Blackwell handbook of adolescence (pp. 175–204). Blackwell Pub.