Making Phytoremediation Work Better: Maximizing a Plant’s Growth Potential in the Midst of Adversity

REFERENCES

• Abeles, F B, Morgan, P W, and Saltveit, M, 1992. Ethylene in plant biology. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Arshad, M, and Frankenberger, W T, 2002. Ethylene: agricultural sources and applications. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Barac, T, Taghavi, S, Borremans, B, Provoost, A, Oeyen, L, Colpaert, J V, Vangronsveld, J, and van der Lelie, D, 2004. Engineered endophytic bacteria improve phytoremediation of water–soluble volatile organic pollutants, Nature Biotechnol. 22 (2004), pp. 583–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belimov, A, Hontzeas, N, Safronova, V, Demchinskaya, S, Piluzza, G, Bullitta, S, and Glick, B, 2005. Cadmium-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria associated with the roots of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L Czern), Soil Biol Biochem. 37 (2005), pp. 241–250.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, ME., 1974. . Seed and root bacterization, Ann Rev Phytopathol. 12 (1974), pp. 181–197.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burd, G I, Dixon, D G, and Glick, B R, 1998. A plant growth-promoting bacterium that decreases nickel toxicity in seedlings, Appl Environ Microb. 64 (1998), pp. 3663–3668, .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burd, G I, Dixon, D G, and Glick, B R, 2000. Plant growth-promoting bacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants, Can J Microbiol. 46 (2000), pp. 237–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burg, S P, and Burg, E A, 1966. The interaction between auxin and ethylene and its role in plant growth, PNAS. 55 (1966), pp. 262–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, Z, Duncker, B P, McConkey, B J, and Glick, B R, 2008. Transcriptional regulation of ACC deaminase gene expression in Pseudomonas putida UW4, Can J Microbiol. 54 (2008), pp. 128–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciardi, J A, Tieman, D M, Lund, S T, Jones, J B, Stall, R E, and Klee, H J, 2000. Response to Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria in tomato involves regulation of ethylene receptor gene expression, Plant Physiol. 123 (2000), pp. 81–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, RJ., 1993. Making greater use of introduced microorganisms for biological control of plant pathogens, Ann Rev Phytopathol 31 (1993), pp. 53–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Czarny, J C, Shah, S, and Glick, B R, 2007. "Response of canola plants at the transcriptional level to expression of a bacterial ACC deaminase in the roots". In: Ramina, A, Chang, C, Giovannoni, J, Klee, H, Perata, P, and Woltering, E, eds. Advances in Plant Ethylene Research. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer; 2007. pp. 377–382.
   Google Scholar
• Dell’ Amico, E, Cavalca, L, and Andreoni, V, 2005. Analysis of rhizobacterial communities in perennial Graminaceae from polluted water meadow soil, screening of metal–resistant, potentially plant growth-promoting bacteria, FEMS Microb Ecol. 52 (2005), pp. 153–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmasiri, N, and Estelle, M, 2004. Auxin signaling and regulated protein degradation. Trends Plant Sci, 9 (2004), pp. 302–308.
   Google Scholar
• Di Gregorio, S, Lampis, S, Malorgio, F, Petruzzelli, G, Pezzarossa, B, and Vallini, G, 2006. Brassica juncea can improve selenite and selenate abatement in selenium contaminated soils through the aid of its rhizospheric bacterial population, Plant Soil. 285 (2006), pp. 233–244.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egamberdieva, D, and Kucharova, Z, 1985. Selection for root colonising bacteria stimulating wheat growth in saline soils, Biol Fertil Soils. 45 (1985), pp. 563–571.
   Google Scholar
• Farwell, A J, Vesely, S, Nero, V, Rodriguez, H, McCormack, K, Shah, S, Dixon, D G, and Glick, B R, 2007. Tolerance of transgenic canola plants (Brassica napus) amended with plant growth–promoting bacteria to flooding stress at a metal–contaminated field site, Environ Pollut. 147 (2007), pp. 540–545.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farwell, A, Vesely, S, Nero, V, Rodriguez, H, Shah, S, Dixon, D, and Glick, B, 2006. The use of transgenic canola (Brassica napus) and plant growth–promoting bacteria to enhance plant biomass at a nickel–contaminated field site, Plant Soil. 288 (2006), pp. 309–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frankenberger, J WT, and Arshad, M, 1995. "Microbial synthesis of auxins". In: Frankenberger, W T, and Arshad, M, eds. Phytohormones in soils. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 1995. pp. 35–71..
   Google Scholar
• Ganesan, V., 2008. Rhizoremediation of cadmium soil using a cadmium–resistant plant growth–promoting rhizopseudomonad, Curr Microbiol. 56 (2008), pp. 403–407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, B R, Karaturovic, D M, and Newell, P C, 1995. A novel procedure for rapid isolation of plant growth promoting pseudomonads, Can J Microbiol. 41 (1995), p. 533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, B R, Penrose, D M, and Li, J, 1998. A model for the lowering of plant ethylene concentrations by plant growth–promoting bacteria, J Theor Biol. 190 (1998), pp. 63–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, B R, Patten, C L, Holguin, G, and Penrose, D M, 1999. Biochemical and genetic mechanisms used by plant growth promoting bacteria. London, UK: Imperial College Press; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Glick, BR., 2003. Phytoremediation: synergistic use of plants and bacteria to clean up the environment, Biotechnol Adv. 21 (2003), pp. 383–93.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, BR., 2005. Modulation of plant ethylene levels by the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase, FEMS Microbiol Lett. 251 (2005), pp. 1–7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glick, B R, Todorovic, B, Czarny, J, Cheng, Z, Duan, J, and McConkey, B, 2007. Promotion of plant growth by bacterial ACC deaminase, Crit Rev Plant Sci. 26 (2007), pp. 227–242.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg, B M, Huang, X–D, Gerwing, P, Gurska, J, Gerhardt, K, Yu, X-M, Wang, W, Nykamp, J, Knezevich, N, MacNeill, G, Yang, S, Lu, X, Cryer, K, Reid, N, and Glick, B, 2008. "Use of a multi–process phytoremediation system for decontamination of petroleum impacted soils: results of successful field trials". In: Proceeding of the 33rd AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and Response. Ottawa, Canada: Environment Canada; 2008. pp. 615–625, .
   Google Scholar
• Grichko, V P, Filby, B, and Glick, B R, 2000. Increased ability of transgenic plants expressing the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase to accumulate Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, J Biotechnol. 81 (2000), pp. 45–53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grichko, V P, and Glick, B R, 2001. Flooding tolerance of transgenic tomato plants expressing the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase controlled by the 35S, rolD or PRB–1b promoter, Plant Phys Biochem. 39 (2001), pp. 19–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gurska, J, Wang, W, Gerhardt, K E, Khalid, A M, Isherwood, D M, Huang, X–D, Glick, B R, and Greenberg, B M, 2009. Field test of a multi–process phytoremediation system at a petroleum sludge contaminated land farm, Environ Sci Technol. 43 (2009), pp. 4472–4479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, Y, Charles, T C, and Glick, B R, 2007. ACC deaminase from plant growth–promoting bacteria affects crown gall development, Can J Microbiol. 53 (2007), pp. 1291–1299.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hardoim, P R, van Overbeek, L S, and van Elsas, J D, 2008. Properties of bacterial endophytes and their proposed role in plant growth, Trends Microbiol. 16 (2008), pp. 463–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He, L, Chen, Z, Ren, G, Zhang, Y, Qian, M, and Sheng, X, 2009. Increased cadmium and lead uptake of a cadmium hyperaccumulator tomato by cadmium–resistant bacteria, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 72 (2009), pp. 1343–1348.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honma, M, and Shimomura, T, 1978. Metabolism of 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylic acid, Agric Biol Chem. 43 (1978), pp. 1825–1831.
   Google Scholar
• Honma, M., 1993. "Stereospecific reaction of 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate deaminase". In: Pech, J C, Latche, A, and Balague, C, eds. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of the Plant Hormone Ethylene. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1993. pp. 111–116.
   Google Scholar
• Hontzeas, N, Saleh, S S, and Glick, B R, 2004a. Changes in gene expression in canola roots induced by ACC–deaminase–containing plant–growth–promoting bacteria, Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 17 (2004a), pp. 865–871.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hontzeas, N, Zoidakis, J, Glick, B R, and Abu–Omar, M M, 2004b. Expression and characterization of 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate deaminase from the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida UW4: a key enzyme in bacterial plant growth promotion, Biochim Biophys Acta. 1703 (2004b), pp. 11–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, X D, El-Alawi, Y, Penrose, D M, Glick, B R, and Greenberg, B M, 2004. A multi–process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils, Environ Pollut. 130 (2004), pp. 465–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hyodo, H., 1991. "Stress/wound ethylene". In: Mattoo, A K, and Suttle, J C, eds. The Plant Hormone Ethylene. Boca Raton: CRC Press; 1991.
   Google Scholar
• Idris, R, Trifonova, R, Puschenreiter, M, Wenzel, W W, and Sessitsch, A, 2004. bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the Ni hyperaccumulator Thlaspi goesingense, Appl Environ Microbiol. 70 (2004), pp. 2667–2677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobson, C B, Pasternak, J J, and Glick, B R, 1994. Partial purification and characterization of ACC deaminase from the plant growth–promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida GR12–2, Can J Microbiol. 40 (1994), pp. 1019–1025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, C, Sheng, X, Qian, M, and Wang, Q, 2008. Isolation and characterization of a heavy metal–resistant Burkholderia sp from heavy metal–contaminated paddy field soil and its potential in promoting plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in metal–polluted soil, Chemosphere. 72 (2008), pp. 157–164.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Control of fruit ripening and senescence in plants United States Patent Number 5,702,933. 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Kloepper, J W, Lifshitz, R, and Zablotowicz, R M, 1989. Free–living bacterial inocula for enhancing crop productivity, Trends Biotechnol. 7 (1989), pp. 39–44.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, K V, Singh, N, Behl, H M, and Srivastava, S, 2008. Influence of plant growth promoting bacteria and its mutant on heavy metal toxicity in Brassica juncea grown in fly ash amended soil, Chemosphere. 72 (2008), pp. 678–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, K V, Srivastava, S, Singh, N, and Behl, H, 2009. Role of metal resistant plant growth promoting bacteria in ameliorating fly ash to the growth of Brassica juncea, J Hazar Mater. 170 (2009), pp. 51–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambert, B, and Joos, H, 1989. Fundamental aspects of rhizobacterial plant growth promotion research, Trends Biotechnol. 7 (1989), pp. 215–219, .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindberg, T, Granhall, U, and Tomenius, H, 1985. Infectivity and acetylene reduction of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings under gnotobiotic conditions, Biol Fertil Soils. 1 (1985), pp. 123–129.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma, Y, Rajkumar, M, and Freitas, H, 2009. Inoculation of plant growth promoting bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain A × 10 for the improvement of copper phytoextraction by Brassica juncea, J Environ Manage. 90 (2009), pp. 831–837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayak, S, Tirosh, T, and Glick, B R, 2004a. Plant growth–promoting bacteria confer resistance in tomato plants to salt stress, Plant Physiol Biochem. 42 (2004a), pp. 565–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayak, S, Tirosh, T, and Glick, B R, 2004b. Plant growth–promoting bacteria that confer resistance to water stress in tomatoes and peppers, Plant Sci. 166 (2004b), pp. 525–530.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonnell, L, Plett, J M, Kozela, C, Andersson–Gunnerås, S, Dugarden, J, Van der Straeten, D, Glick, B R, Sundberg, B, and Regan, S M, 2009. Ethylene levels are regulated by a plant encoded 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylic acid deaminase, Physiol Plant. 136 (2009), pp. 94–109.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morgan, P W, and Gausman, H W, 1966. Effects of ethylene on auxin transport, Plant Physiol. 41 (1966), pp. 45–52.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nie, L, Shah, S, Rashid, A, Burd, G I, George Dixon, D, and Glick, B R, 2002. Phytoremediation of arsenate contaminated soil by transgenic canola and the plant growth–promoting bacterium Enterobacter cloacae CAL2, Plant Physiol Biochem. 40 (2002), pp. 355–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan, D J, and O’Gara, F, 1992. Traits of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp involved in suppression of plant root pathogens, Microbiol Rev. 56 (1992), pp. 662–676.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patten, C L, and Glick, B R, 1996. Bacterial biosynthesis of indole–3–acetic acid, Can J Microbiol. 42 (1996), pp. 207–20.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten, C L, and Glick, B R, 2002. Role of Pseudomonas putida indoleacetic acid in development of the host plant root system, Appl Environ Microbiol. 68 (2002), pp. 3795–3801.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Penrose, D M, and Glick, B R, 2001. Levels of ACC and related compounds in exudate and extracts of canola seeds treated with ACC deaminase–containing plant growth–promoting bacteria, Can J Microbiol. 47 (2001), pp. 368–372.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierik, R, Tholen, D, Poorter, H, Visser, E JW, and Voesenek, LACJ, 2006. The Janus face of ethylene: Growth inhibition and stimulation, Trends Plant Sci. 11 (2006), pp. 176–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prayitno, J, Rolfe, B G, and Mathesius, U, 2006. The Ethylene–insensitive sickle mutant of Medicago truncatula shows altered auxin transport regulation during nodulation, Plant Physiol. 142 (2006), pp. 168–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, M, Nagendran, R, Lee, K J, Lee, W H, and Kim, S Z, 2006. Influence of plant growth promoting bacteria and Cr6+ on the growth of Indian mustard, Chemosphere. 62 (2006), pp. 741–748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, M, and Freitas, H, 2008a. Characterization of metal resistant plant growth promoting Bacillus weihenstephanensis isolated from serpentine soil in Portugal, J Basic Microb. 48 (2008a), pp. 500–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, M, and Freitas, H, 2008b. Influence of metal resistant–plant growth promoting bacteria on the growth of Ricinus communis in soil contaminated with heavy metals, Chemosphere 71 (2008b), pp. 834–842.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajkumar, M, Prasad, M MV, Freitas, H, and Ae, N, 2009. Biotechnologial applications of serpentine soil bacteria for phytormediation of trace metals, Crit Rev Biotechnol. 29 (2009), pp. 120–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reed, M L, and Glick, B R, 2005. Growth of canola (Brassica napus) in the presence of plant growth–promoting bacteria and either copper or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Can J Microbiol. 51 (2005), pp. 1061–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robison, M M, Griffith, M, Pauls, K P, and Glick, B R, 2001. Dual role for ethylene in susceptibility of tomato to Verticillium wilt, J Phytopathol. 149 (2001), pp. 385–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez, H, Vessely, S, Shah, S, and Glick, B, 2008. Effect of a nickel–tolerant ACC deaminase–producing Pseudomonas strain on growth of non–transformed and transgenic canola plants, Curr Microbiol. 57 (2008), pp. 170–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safronova, V I, Stepanok, V V, Engqvist, G L, Alekseyev, Y V, and Belimov, A A, 2006. Root–associated bacteria containing 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate deaminase improve growth and nutrient uptake by pea genotypes cultivated in cadmium supplemented soil, Biol Fertil Soils. 42 (2006), pp. 267–272, .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saravanakumar, D, and Samiyappan, R, 2006. ACC deaminase from Pseudomonas fluorescens mediated saline resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogea) plants, J Appl Microbiol. 102 (2006), pp. 1283–1292.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, X, and Xia, J, 2006. Improvement of rape (Brassica napus) plant growth and cadmium uptake by cadmium–resistant bacteria, Chemosphere. 64 (2006), pp. 1036–1042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, X, He, L, Wang, Q, Ye, H, and Jiang, C, 2008a. Effects of inoculation of biosurfactant–producing Bacillus sp J119 on plant growth and cadmium uptake in a cadmium–amended soil, J Hazard Mater. 155 (2008a), pp. 17–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, X, Jiang, C, and He, L, 2008b. Characterization of plant growth–promoting Bacillus edaphicus NBT and its effect on lead uptake by Indian mustard in a lead–amended soil, Can J Microbiol. 54 (2008b), pp. 417–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheng, X, Xia, J, Jiang, C, He, L, and Qian, M, 2008c. Characterization of heavy metal–resistant endophytic bacteria from rape (Brassica napus) roots and their potential in promoting the growth and lead accumulation of rape, Environ Pollut. 156 (2008c), pp. 1164–1170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sprent, J I, and Raven, J A, 1992. "Evolution of nitrogen–fixing symbioses". In: Stacey, G, Burris, R H, and Evans, H J, eds. Biological Nitrogen Fixation. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall; 1992. pp. 461–496.
   Google Scholar
• Stearns, J C, and Glick, B R, 2003. Transgenic plants with altered ethylene biosynthesis or perception, Biotechnol Adv. 21 (2003), pp. 193–210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stearns, J C, Shah, S, Greenberg, B M, Dixon, D G, and Glick, B R, 2005. Tolerance of transgenic canola expressing 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylic acid deaminase to growth inhibition by nickel, Plant Physiol Biochem. 43 (2005), pp. 701–8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sturz, A V, Christie, B R, and Nowak, J, 2000. Bacterial endophytes: potential role in developing sustainable systems of crop production, Crit Rev Plant Sci. 19 (2000), pp. 1–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun, Y, Cheng, Z, and Glick, B R, 2009. The role of 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate (ACC) deaminase in plant growth promotion by the endophytic bacterium Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN, FEMS Microbiol Lett. 296 (2009), pp. 131–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suttle, JC., 1988. Effect of ethylene treatment on polar IAA transport, net IAA uptake and specific binding of N–1–naphthylphthalamic acid in tissues and microsomes isolated from etiolated pea epicotyls, Plant Physiol. 88 (1988), pp. 795–799.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmusk, S, and Wagner, E G, 1999. The plant–growth–promoting rhizobacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa induces changes in Arabidopsis thaliana gene expression: a possible connection between biotic and abiotic stress responses, Mol Plant Microbe Interact. 12 (1999), pp. 951–959.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Loon, L C, 1984. "Regulation of pathogenesis and symptom expression in diseased plants by ethylene". In: Nijhoff, M, ed. Biochemical, Physiological and Applied Aspects. The Hague (The Netherlands). Ethylene: W. Junk Publishers; 1984. pp. 171–180.
   Google Scholar
• van Loon, L C, and Glick, B R, 2004. "Increased plant fitness by rhizobacteria". In: Sandermann, H, ed. Molecular Ecotoxicology of Plants. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer–Verlag; 2004. pp. 177–199.
   Google Scholar
• van Loon, L C, Geraats, B P, and Linthorst, H J, 2006. Ethylene as a modulator of disease resistance in plants, Trends Plant Sci 11 (2006), pp. 184–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vivas, A, Azcón, R, Biró, B, Barea, J, and Ruiz-Lozano, J, 2003. Influence of bacterial strains isolated from lead–polluted soil and their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizae on the growth of Trifolium pratense L under lead toxicity, Can J Microbiol. 49 (2003), pp. 577–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C, Knill, E, Glick, B R, and Defago, G, 2000. Effect of transferring 1–aminocyclopropane–1– carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase genes into Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 and its gacA derivative CHA96 on their growth–promoting and disease–suppressive capacities, Can J Microbiol. 46 (2000), p. 898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wani, P, Khan, M, and Zaidi, A, 2008. Effect of metal–tolerant plant growth–promoting rhizobium on the performance of pea grown in metal–amended soil, Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 55 (2008), pp. 33–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wani, P A, Khan, M S, and Zaidi, A, 2007. Effect of metal tolerant plant growth promoting Bradyrhizobium sp (vigna) on growth, symbiosis, seed yield and metal uptake by greengram plants, Chemosphere. 70 (2007), pp. 36–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wenzel, WW., 2009. Rhizosphere processes and management in plant–assisted bioremediation (phytoremediation) of soils, Plant Soil. 321 (2009), pp. 385–408, .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weyens, N, van der Lelie Artois, T, Smeets, K, Taghavi, S, Newman, L, Carleer, R, and Vangransveld, J, 2009a. Bioaugmentation with engineered endophytic bacteria improves contaminant fate in phytoremediation, Environ Sci Technol. 43 (2009a), pp. 9413–9418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weyens, N, van der Lelie, D, Taghavi, S, and Vangransveld, J, 2009b. Phytoremediation: plant–endophyte partnerships take the challenge, Curr Opin Biotechnol. 20 (2009b), pp. 248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, S, Cheung, K, Luo, Y, and Wong, M, 2006. Effects of inoculation of plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria on metal uptake by Brassica juncea, Environ Pollut. 140 (2006), pp. 124–135.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S F, and Hoffman, N E, 1984. Ethylene Biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants, Annu Rev Plant Phys. 35 (1984), pp. 155–189.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaidi, S, Usmani, S, Singh, B R, and Musarrat, J, 2006. Significance of Bacillus subtilis strain SJ–101 as a bioinoculant for concurrent plant growth promotion and nickel accumulation in Brassica juncea, Chemosphere. 64 (2006), pp. 991–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar