Opportunities for Woody Crop Production Using Treated Wastewater in Egypt. I. Afforestation Strategies

REFERENCES

• Almeida, A C, Soares, J, Landsberg, J J, and Rezende, G D, 2007. Growth and water balance of Eucalyptus grandis hybrid plantations in Brazil during a rotation for pulp production, For Ecol Manage. 251 (2007), pp. 10–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernardo, A L, Reis, M GF, Reis, G G, Harrison, R B, and Firme, D J, 1998. Effect of spacing on growth and biomass distribution in Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. pellita, and E. urophylla plantations in southeastern Brazil, For Ecol Manage. 104 (1998), pp. 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• , Climate Charts. 2010. [cited 2010 July 1] Available from http://www.climate-charts.com..
   Google Scholar
• Duggan, J., 2005. The potential for landfill leachate treatment using willows in the UK—a critical review, Resour Conserv Recycl. 45 (2005), pp. 97–113.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erdman, J A, and Christenson, S, 2000. Elements in cottonwood trees as an indicator of ground water contaminated by landfill leachate, Ground Water Monit Rem. 20 (2000), pp. 120–126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans, J., 1992. Plantation Forestry in the Tropics . New York: Oxford University Press; 1992. p. 403.
   Google Scholar
• Evett, S R, Moustafa, A TA, Howell, A TA, Abou-Zeid, W A, and Schneider, A D, 2000. Annual technical report. ATUT project title: water requirements and management of maize under drip and sprinkler irrigation. Bushland, TX: USDA-ARS Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, Bushland; 2000, [cited 2011 May 12]. Available from http://www.cpl.ars.usda.gov/wmru/pdfs/ATUT_2000_annual_report.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• , Evett SR, Zalesny RS Jr, Stanturf JA, Kandil NR, Soriano C. 2011. Opportunities for woody crop production using treated wastewater in Egypt. II. Irrigation strategies. Int J Phytorem. 13(S1):258–276..
   Google Scholar
• Ferro, A, Chard, J, Kjelgren, R, Chard, B, Turner, D, and Montague, T, 2001. Groundwater capture using hybrid poplar trees: evaluation of a system in Ogden, Utah, Int J Phytorem. 3 (2001), pp. 87–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn, B., 2008. Eucalyptus: having an impact on the global solidwood industry. Wood Resources International; 2008, [cited 2009 June 9]. Available from: http://www.wri-ltd.com/marketPDFs/Eucalyptus.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Foli, E G, Alder, D, Miller, H G, and Swaine, M D, 2003. Modelling growing space requirements for some tropical forest tree species, For Ecol. Manage. 173 (2003), pp. 79–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giles, F, and Ibrahim, S, 2006. Egypt solid wood products. GAIN Report Number EG6023. Washington, DC: USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Global Agriculture Information Network; 2006, [cited 2010 March 10]. Available from: http://www.fas.usda.gov/gainfiles/200608/146208808.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Hasselgren, K., 1998. Use of municipal waste products in energy forestry: highlights from 15 years of experience, Biomass Bioenergy. (1998), pp. 1571–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunter, I., 2001. Above ground biomass and nutrient uptake of three species (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis and Dalbergia sisso) as affected by irrigation and fertiliser, at 3 years of age, in southern India, For Ecol Manage. 144 (2001), pp. 189–199.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isebrands, J G, and Karnosky, D F, 2001. "Environmental benefits of poplar culture". In: Dickmann, D I, Isebrands, J G, Eckenwalder, J E, and Richardson, J, eds. Poplar culture in North America. Ottawa, ON: NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada; 2001. pp. 207–218.
   Google Scholar
• IRG, 2005a. Design of Irrigation Network for the Demonstration Site in Luxor. Report No. 21, September 2005. International Resources Group in association with EPIQ II Consortium; 2005a, [cited 2009 May 26]. Available from: http://www.iwrmeg.org/.
   Google Scholar
• IRG, 2005b. Environmental Monitoring Plan. Report No. 22. November 2005. International Resources Group in association with EPIQ II Consortium; 2005b, [cited 2009 May 26]. Available from http://www.iwrmeg.org/..
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs, D F, Gardiner, E S, Salifu, K F, Overton, R P, Hernandez, G, Corbin, M E, Wightman, K E, and Selig, M F, 2005. "Seedling quality standards for bottomland hardwood afforestation in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley: preliminary results". In: Dumroese, R K, Riley, L E, and Landis, T D, eds. National proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Association-2004. RMRS-P-35, US Forest Service. Ft. Collins, CO: Rocky Mountain Research Station; 2005. pp. 9–16, .
   Google Scholar
• Laureysens, I, Blust, R, De Temmerman, L, Lemmens, C, and Ceulemans, R, 2004. Clonal variation in heavy metal accumulation and biomass production in a poplar coppice culture: I. Seasonal variation in leaf, wood and bark concentrations, Environ Pollut. 131 (2004), pp. 485–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, Y, Stanturf, J, and Lu, H, 2008. Modeling the potential of the northern China forest shelterbelt for improving hydroclimate conditions, J Am Water Resour Assoc. 44 (2008), pp. 1752–1688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mbora, A, Lillesø, J-PB, and Jamnadass, R, 2008. Good nursery practices: a simple guide. Nairobi: The World Agroforestry Centre; 2008. p. 36.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MALR), 2009. "Strategy of sustainable agriculture development In: Egypt until the year 2030". 2009, Report, January 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Housing and Public Utilities and New Communities (MHPUNC), 2005. "Egyptian Code No. 501/2005 for the Safe Use of Treated Waste Water for the Agriculture Sector". 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs (MSEA), 2006. "Annual Report (Egypt).". 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI), 2005. "National Water Resources Plan for Egypt (2005–2017). Report". 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Moffat, A J, Armstrong, A T, and Ockleston, J, 2001. The optimization of sewage sludge and effluent disposal on energy crops of short rotation hybrid poplar, Biomass Bioenergy. 20 (2001), pp. 161–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newton, A C, Leakey, R RB, Powell, W, Chalmers, K, Waugh, R, Tchoundjeu, Z, Mathias, P J, Alderson, P G, Mesen, J F, Baker, P, and Ramnarine, S, 1994. "Domestication of mahoganies". In: Leakey, R RB, and Newton, A C, eds. Tropical trees: the potential for domestication and the rebuilding of forest resources. London: HMSO; 1994, [cited 2011 May 12]. Available from: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/4655/.
   Google Scholar
• Ofori, D A, Opuni-Frimpong, E, and Cobbinah, J R, 2007. Provenance variation in Khaya species for growth and resistance to shoot borer Hypsipyla robusta, For Ecol Manage. 242 (2007), pp. 438–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Onyekwelu, JC., 2004. Above-ground biomass production and biomass equations for even-aged Gmelina arborea (ROXB) plantations in south-western Nigeria, Biomass Bioenergy 26 (2004), pp. 39–46.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Opuni-Frimpong, E, Karnosky, D F, Storer, A J, and Cobbinah, J R, 2008. Silvicultural systems for plantation mahogany in Africa: influences of canopy shade on tree growth and pest damage, For Ecol Manage. 255 (2008), pp. 328–333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez, D, and Kanninen, M, 2005. Stand growth scenarios for Tectona grandis plantations in Costa Rica, For Ecol Manage. 210 (2005), pp. 425–441.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanton, B J, Eaton, J, Johnson, J, Rice, D, Schuette, B, and Moser, B, 2002. Hybrid poplar in the Pacific Northwest: the effects of market-driven management, J Forestry 100 (2002), pp. 28–33.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanturf, J A, van Oosten, C, Netzer, D A, Coleman, M D, and Portwood, C J, 2001. "Ecology and silviculture of poplar plantations". In: Dickmann, D I, Isebrands, J G, Eckenwalder, J E, and Richardson, J, eds. Poplar culture in North America. Ottawa, ON: NRC Research Press, National Research Council of Canada; 2001. pp. 153–206.
   Google Scholar
• Stewart, H TL, and Flinn, D W, 1984. Establishment and early growth of trees irrigated with wastewater at four sites in Victoria, Australia, For Ecol Manage. 8 (1984), pp. 243–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalesny, J A, Zalesny, R S, Wiese, A H, and Hall, R B, 2007. Choosing tree genotypes for phytoremediation of landfill leachate using phyto-recurrent selection, Int J Phytorem. 9 (2007), pp. 513–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalesny, R S, and Bauer, E O, 2007. Selecting and utilizing Populus and Salix for landfill covers: implications for leachate irrigation, Int J Phytorem. 9 (2007), pp. 497–511.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zalesny, R S, Wiese, A H, Bauer, E O, and Riemenschneider, D E, 2006. Sapflow of hybrid poplar (Populus nigra L. × P. maximowiczii A. Henry ‘NM6’) during phytoremediation of landfill leachate, Biomass Bioenergy. 30 (2006), pp. 784–793.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar