Comparative study on removal of enteric pathogens from domestic wastewater using Typha latifolia and Cyperus rotundus along with different substrates

References

• Akpor OB, Muchie B. 2011. Environmental and public health implications of wastewater quality. Afr J Biotechnol 10(13):2379–2387.
   Google Scholar
• Akpor OB, Ogundeji MD, Olaolu TD, Aderiye BI. 2014. Microbial roles and dynamics in wastewater treatment systems: An overview. Int J Pure Appl Biosci 2(1):156–168.
   Google Scholar
• Ali SA, Hill DR. 2003. Giardia intestinalis. Current opinion in infectious diseases 16(5):453–460.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali TH, Saleh DS. 2014. A simplified experimental model for clearance of some pathogenic bacteria using common bacterivorous ciliated spp. in Tigris River. Appl Water Sci 4(1):63–71.
   Google Scholar
• Ana MM, Carsten M, Staffan K, Mike M. 2010. Identification of ciliate grazers of autotrophic bacteria in ammonia-oxidizing activated sludge by RNA stable isotope probing. Appl Environ Microbiol 6(7):2203–2211.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 1997a. Water quality—Detection and enumeration of coliforms organisms, thermotolerant coliform organism and presumptive Escherichia coli; Part 1: Membrane filtration method. Geneva:I.S.O. 9308/1.
   Google Scholar
• Anon. 1997b. Water quality—Enumeration of faecal enterococci by membrane filtration. Geneva: I.S.O. 7899/2.
   Google Scholar
• APHA. 2012. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington, DC: AWWA.
   Google Scholar
• Aziz S, Ali M, Ahmed S. 2015. Comparative analysis of Ranunculus muricatus and Typha latifolia as wetland plants applied for domestic wastewater treatment in a mesocosm scale study. World Acad Sci Eng Technol, Int J Biol Biomol Agric Food and Biotechnol Eng 9(1):110–118.
   Google Scholar
• Bendix M, Tornbjerg T, Brix H. 1994. Internal gas transport in Typha latifolia L. and Typha angustifolia L. Humidity-induced pressurization and convective throughflow. Aquat Bot(49):75–89.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouhoum K, Amahmid O. 2002. Municipal wastewater reuse for irrigation: Productivity and contamination level of irrigated crops by pathogens. Proceedings of International Symposium on Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Management, January, p. 7–10.
   Google Scholar
• Bouhoum K, Amahmid O, Asmama S. 2000. Occurrence and removal of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in waste stabilisation ponds in Marrakech. Water Sci Technol 42(10–11):159–164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brix H. 1997. Do macrophytes play a role in constructed treatment wetlands? Water Sci Technol 35(5):11–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabral JP. 2010. Water microbiology. Bacterial pathogens and water. Int J Environ Res Public Health 7(10):3657–3703.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carlos RLJ, Samantha LC, Evelyn GR, Roma SR, Galindo JM. 2013. Test amebicides against Entamoeba histolytica to the public health problem Entamoeba dispar. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 2(8):263–271.
   Google Scholar
• Cheema P. 2015. A comprehensive evaluation of Cyperus rotundus linn. Indian J Plant Sci(4):35–41.
   Google Scholar
• Clapham AR, Tutin TG, Warburg EF. 1962. Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• CPCB. 1986. General standards. General standards for discharge of environmental pollutants part-A: effluents. The Environment (Protection) Rules, India.
   Google Scholar
• CPCB. 2008. Performance of sewage treatment plants—Coliform reduction. Control of urban pollution series: CUPS/69/2008. India: Ministry of Environment & Forests.
   Google Scholar
• De Silva NR, Brooker S, Hotez PJ, Montresor A, Engels D, Savioli  . 2003. Soil-transmitted helminth infections: updating the global picture. Trends Parasitol 19(12):547–551.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faulwetter JL, Gagnon V, Sundberg C, Chazarenc F, Burr MD, Brisson J, Stein OR. 2009. Microbial processes influencing performance of treatment wetlands: a review. Ecol Eng 35(6):987–1004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenchel T. 1982. Ecology of heterotrophic microflagellates I. Some important forms and their functional morphology. Marine ecology progress series. Oldendorf 8(3):211–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia M, Bécares E. 1997. Bacterial removal in three pilot-scale wastewater treatment systems for rural areas. Water Sci Technol 35(11):197–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• George IP, Crop P, Servais P. 2002. Fecal coliform removal in wastewater treatment plants studied by plate counts and enzymatic methods. Water Res 36(26):7–17.
   Google Scholar
• Gerba CP, Thurston JA, Falabi JA, Watt PM, Karpiscak MM. 1999. Optimization of artificial wetland design for removal of indicator microorganisms and pathogenic protozoa. Water Sci Technol 40(4):363–368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green MB, Griffin P, Seabridge JK, Dhobie D. 1997. Removal of bacteria in subsurface flow wetlands. Water Sci Technol 35(5):109–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidenwag I, Langheinrich U, Luederitz V. 2001. Self-purification in upland and lowland streams. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 29(1):22–33.
   Google Scholar
• Hench KR, Bissonnette GK, Sexstone AJ, Coleman JG, Garbutt K, Skousen JG. 2003. Fate of physical, chemical, and microbial contaminants in domestic wastewater following treatment by small constructed wetlands. Water Res 37(4):921–927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill VR, Sobsey MD. 2001. Removal of Salmonella and microbial indicators in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater. Water Sci Technol 44(11–12):215–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jahn TL, Bovee EC, Jahn FF. 1979. How to know the protozoa. In: Brown Wm C, editor. 2nd ed. USA: Co. publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Jimenez-Cisneros BE. 2007. Helminth ova control in wastewater and sludge for agricultural reuse. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS). p. 3–9.
   Google Scholar
• Kadaverugu R, Shingare RP, Raghunathan K, Juwarkar AA, Thawale PR, Singh SK. 2016. The role of sand, marble chips and Typha latifolia in domestic wastewater treatment–A column study on constructed wetlands. Environ Technol 37(19):1–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadlec RH, Knight RL, Vymazal J, Brix H, Cooper P, Haberl R. 2000. Constructed wetlands for pollution control. London: IWA.
   Google Scholar
• Karim MR, Manshadi FD, Karpiscak MM, Gerba CP. 2004. The persistence and removal of enteric pathogens in constructed wetlands. Water Res 38(7):1831–1837.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kathol M, Norf H, Arndt H, Weitere M. 2009. Effects of temperature increase on the grazing of planktonic bacteria by biofilmdwelling consumers. Aquat Microb Ecol 55:65–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipasika HJ, Buza J, Lyimo B, Miller WA, Njau KN. 2014. Efficiency of a constructed wetland in removing microbial contaminants from pre-treated municipal wastewater. Phys Chem Earth, A/B/C 72:68–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kipasika HJ, Buza J, Smith WA, Njau KN. 2016. Removal capacity of faecal pathogens from wastewater by four wetland vegetation: Typha latifolia, Cyperus papyrus, Cyperus alternifolius and Phragmites australis. Afr J Microbiol Res 10(19):654–661.
   Google Scholar
• Kudo RR. 1954. Protozoology. In: Thomas CC, editor. Protozoology. 4th ed. Illinois: Spring field.
   Google Scholar
• Kyambadde J, Kansiime F, Gumaelius L, Dalhammar G. 2004. A comparative study of Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum-based constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in a tropical climate. Water Res 38(2):475–485.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Launert E. 1981. Edible and medicinal plants. London: Hamlyn.
   Google Scholar
• Manios T, Stentiford EI, Millner PA. 2002. The removal of indicator microorganisms from primary treated wastewater in subsurface reed beds using different substrates. Environ Technol 23(7):767–774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morató J, Codony F, Sánchez O, Pérez LM, García J, Mas J. 2014. Key design factors affecting microbial community composition and pathogenic organism removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 481:81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okojokwu OJ, Inabo HI. 2012. Comparative parasitological evaluation of wastewater using biosand filter and waste stabilisation ponds. World J Life Sci Med Res 2(1):8.
   Google Scholar
• Parameshwarappa KD, Chandrakanth C, Sunil B. 2012. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestations and the evaluation of different concentration techniques of the stool examination. J Clin Diagn Res 6(7):1188–91.
   Google Scholar
• Rachmadi AT, Kitajima M, Pepper IL, Gerba CP. 2016. Enteric and indicator virus removal by surface flow wetlands. Sci Total Environ 542:976–982.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samuel L, Stanley Jr SL. 2001. Reed: microbes and microbial toxins: Paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions. VI Entamoeba histolytica: parasite-host interactions. Am J Physiol Gastrointestine Liver Physiol 280:1049–1054.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sartori L, Canobbio S, Fornaroli R, Cabrini R, Marazzi F, Mezzanotte V. 2016. COD, nutrient removal and disinfection efficiency of a combined subsurface and surface flow constructed wetland: A case study. Int J Phytorem 18(4):416–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scheutz F, Strockbine NA. 2005. Genus Escherichia. In: Brenner DJ, Krieg NR, Staley JT, editors. Bergey's manual of systematics of bacteriology. New York: Springer. p. 607–623.
   Google Scholar
• Scott CA, Faruqui NI, Raschid-Sally L. 2004. Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: management challenges in developing countries. Wastewater Use in Irrigated Agriculture: Confronting the Livelihood and Environmental Realities, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Sharafi K, Fazlzadehdavil M, Pirsaheb M, Derayat J, Hazrati S. 2012. The comparison of parasite eggs and protozoan cysts of urban raw wastewater and efficiency of various wastewater treatment systems to remove them. Ecol Eng 44:244–248.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shukla R, Mishra A. 2013. BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF COMMON WETLAND PLANT; TYPHA LATIFOLIA. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Life Science ISSN, 2231, p.4423.
   Google Scholar
• Sleytr K, Tietz A, Langergraber G, Haberl R. 2007. Investigation of bacterial removal during the filtration process in constructed wetlands. Sci Total Environ 380(1–3):173–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Venables WN, Smith DM. the R Development Core Team (2003). Introduction to R (Version 1.6. 2). http://cran.r-project.org/doc/manuals/R-intro.pdf.2008.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 1989. Health guidelines for the use of wastewater in agriculture and aquaculture. WHO, Geneva, Tech Report Series No. 778.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2006. Guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta and greywater in agriculture and aquaculture. Vol. 1–4. Paris, France: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• WHO. 2010. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoeal diseases. Available from: http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/diarrhoeal/en/index4.html
   Google Scholar