Phytoremediation of sewage sludge by Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk. grown under soil amended with varying levels of sewage sludge

References

• Al-Qahtani KM. 2012. Assessment of heavy metals accumulation in native plant species from soils contaminated in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci J. 9(2):384–392.
   Google Scholar
• Antolín MC, Muro I, Sánchez-Díaz M. 2010. Application of sewage sludge improves growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant activities of nodulated alfalfa plants under drought conditions. Environ Exp Bot. 68(1):75–82. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.11.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonkiewicz J, Baran A, Pełka R, Wisła-Świder A, Nowak E, Konieczka P. 2019. A mixture of cellulose production waste with municipal sewage as new material for an ecological management of wastes. Ecotox Environ Safe. 169:607–614. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.070.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonkiewicz J, Kołodziej B, Bielińska EJ, Gleń-Karolczyk K. 2018. The use of macroelements from municipal sewage sludge by the Multiflora rose and the Virginia fanpetals. J Ecol Eng. 19(6):1–13. doi:10.12911/22998993/92889.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antonkiewicz J, Kołodziej B, Jolanta Bielińska E, Glen-Karolczyk K. 2019. Research on the uptake and use of trace elements from municipal sewage sludge by Multiflora rose and Virginia fanpetals. J Elem. 24(3):1–13. doi:10.5601/jelem.2018.23.4.1757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnon DI. 1949. Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol. 194:1–15. doi:10.1104/pp.24.1.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arthur EL, Rice PJ, Rice PJ, Anderson TA, Baladi SM, Henderson KLD, Coats JR. 2005. Phytoremediation-an overview. Crit Rev Plant Sci. 24(2):109–122. doi:10.1080/07352680590952496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awasthi SK, Bhatnagar JP. 2000. Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (Act no. 37 of 1954) along with Central and State Rules (as amended for 1999). 3rd ed. New Delhi (India): Ashoka Law House.
   Google Scholar
• Balkhair KS, Ashraf MA. 2016. Field accumulation risks of heavy metals in soil and vegetable crop irrigated with sewage water in western region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci. 23:32–44. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.09.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bastida F, Moreno JL, Hernandez T, García C. 2006. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biol Biochem. 38(12):3463–3473. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.06.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bates L, Waldren RP, Teare D. 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant Soil. 39(1):205–207. doi:10.1007/BF00018060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Branzini A, González RS, Zubillaga M. 2012. Absorption and translocation of copper, zinc and chromium by Sesbania virgata. J Environ Manage. 102:50–54. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.033.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cluis C. 2004. Junk-greedy greens: phytoremediation as a new option for soil decontamination. Bio Teach J. 2(6):l–67.
   Google Scholar
• CPCB 1999. Status of solid waste generation, collection, treatment and disposal in metro cities. New Delhi (India): Central Pollution Control Board.
   Google Scholar
• Dick RP, Breakwell DP, Turco RF. 1996. Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiological indicators, methods for assessing soil quality. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 9:9–17.
   Google Scholar
• Duressa TF, Leta S. 2015. Determination of levels of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in soils and some vegetables taken from River Mojo water irrigated farmland at Koka Village, Oromia State, East Ethiopia. Internat J Sci: Basic Appl Res. 21(2):352–372.
   Google Scholar
• Fijalkowski K, Rorat A, Grobelak A, Kacprzak MJ. 2017. The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge–The current situation. J Environ Manage. 203:1126–1136. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frąc M, Oszust K, Lipiec J. 2012. Community level physiological profiles (CLPP), characterization and microbial activity of soil amended with dairy sewage sludge. Sensors. 12(3):3253–3268. doi:10.3390/s120303253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Gil JC, Paza C, Soler-Rovira P, Polo A. 2000. Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass. Soil Biol Biochem. 32:1907–1913. doi:10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00165-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gautam M, Agrawal M. 2017. Influence of metals on essential oil content and composition of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf.) grown under different levels of red mud in sewage sludge amended soil. Chemosphere. 175:315–322. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grobelak A, Placek A, Grosser A, Singh BR, Almas AR, Napora A, Kacprzak M. 2017. Effects of single sewage sludge application on soil phytoremediation. J Clean Prod. 155:189–197. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.10.005.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta AK, Verma SK, Khan K, Verma RK. 2013. Phytoremediation using aromatic plants: a sustainable approach for remediation of heavy metals polluted sites. Environ Sci Technol. 47(18):10115–10116. doi:10.1021/es403469c.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halliwell B. 1987. Oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant protection in chloroplasts. Chem Phys Lipids. 44(2–4):327–340. doi:10.1016/0009-3084(87)90056-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handique GK, Handique AK. 2009. Proline accumulation in lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Stapf.) due to heavy metal stress. J Environ Biol. 30(2):299–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakaraparthi PS, Srinivas K, Kumar JK, Kumar AN, Rajput DK, Anubala S. 2015. Changes in the essential oil content and composition of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) harvested at different stages and short intervals in two different seasons. Ind Crops Prod. 6:348–354. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein DA, Loh TC, Goulding R. 1971. Rapid procedure to evaluate dehydrogenase activity of soils low in organic matter. Soil Biochem. 3(4):385–387. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(71)90049-6.
   Google Scholar
• Kotowska U, Karpinska J, Kapelewska J, Kowejsza EM, Piotrowska-Niczyporuk A, Piekutin J, Kotowski A. 2018. Removal of phthalates and other contaminants from municipal wastewater during cultivation of Wolffia arrhiza. Proc Safe Env Protect: Transact Inst Chem Eng Part B. 120:268–277. doi:10.1016/j.psep.2018.09.019.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindsay WL, Norvell WA. 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 42(3):421–428. doi:10.2136/sssaj1978.03615995004200030009x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloret E, Pascual JA, Brodie EL, Bouskill NJ, Insam H, Juárez MFD, Goberna M. 2016. Sewage sludge addition modifies soil microbial communities and plant performance depending on the sludge stabilization process. Appl Soil Ecol. 101:37–46. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2016.01.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mallavarapu GR, Rao BRR, Kaul PN, Ramesh S, Bhattacharya AK. 1998. Volatile constituents of the essential oils of the seeds and the herb of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.). Flavour Fragr J. 13(3):167–169. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1026(199805/06)13:3 < 167::AID-FFJ719 > 3.0.CO;2-B.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGrath SP, Zhao FJ. 2003. Phytoextraction of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 14(3):277–282. doi:10.1016/S0958-1669(03)00060-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohamed B, Mounia K, Aziz A, Ahmed H, Rachid B, Lotfi A. 2018. Sewage sludge used as organic manure in Moroccan sunflower culture: effects on certain soil properties, growth and yield components. Sci Total Environ. 627:681–688. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.258.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutethya LR, Mwangi JK, Ndirangu W. 2017. Heavy metal phytoextraction in sewage sludge using sunflower. J Sustain Res Eng. 4(1):12–22.
   Google Scholar
• Ojeda G, Alcañiz JM, Ortiz O. 2003. Runoff and losses by erosion in soils amended with sewage sludge. Land Degrad Dev. 14(6):563–573. doi:10.1002/ldr.580.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olguin EJ, Sanchez-Galvan G. 2012. Heavy metal removal in phytofiltration and phycoremediation: the need to differentiate between bioadsorption and bioaccumulation. New Biotechnol. 30(1):3–8. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2012.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olsen SR. Ed. 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate. Washington (DC): United States Department of Agriculture.
   Google Scholar
• Page AL, Miller RH, Keeny DR, Baker DE, Ellis R, Rhoades JD. Eds. 1992. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Madison (WI): American Society of Agronomy Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Pankaj U, Verma RS, Yadav A, Verma RK. 2019. Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae species on essential oil yield and chemical composition of palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii) varieties grown under salinity stress soil. J Essent Oil Res. 31(2):145–153. doi:10.1080/10412905.2018.1512533.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel A, Patra DD. 2014. Influence of heavy metal rich tannery sludge on soil enzymes vis-a-vis growth of Tagetes minuta, an essential oil bearing crop. Chemosphere. 112:323–332. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.063.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pauline A. 2007. The commercialization of sewage sludge–CELDF|FlipHTML5. http://online.fliphtml5.com/hmds/czks/#p=1.
   Google Scholar
• Piper CS. Ed. 1942. Soil plant analysis. Mumbai (India): Asia Publishing House.
   Google Scholar
• Prasad A, Chand S, Kumar S, Chattopadhyay A, Patra DD. 2014. Heavy metals affect yield, essential oil compound, and rhizosphere microflora of Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides Linn. Nash) grass. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal. 45(11):1511–1522. doi:10.1080/00103624.2014.904334.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prasad A, Kumar S, Khaliq A, Pandey A. 2011. Heavy metals and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can alter the field and chemical composition of volatile oil of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Biol Fertil Soils. 47(8):853–861. doi:10.1007/s00374-011-0590-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao B. 2001. Biomass and essential oil yields of rainfed palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii (Roxb.) Wats. var. motia Burk.) supplied with different levels of organic manure and fertilizer nitrogen in semi-arid tropical climate. Ind Crop Prod. 14(3):171–178. doi:10.1016/S0926-6690(01)00081-4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Agrawal M. 2008. Potential benefits and risks of land application of sewage sludge. Waste Manag. 28(2):347–358. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2006.12.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh RP, Agrawal M. 2009. Use of sewage sludge as fertiliser supplement for Abelmoschus esculentus plants: physiological, biochemical and growth responses. Int J Env Waste Manage. 3(1/2):91–106. doi:10.1504/IJEWM.2009.024702.
   Google Scholar
• Smith S. 2009. Critical review of the bioavailability and impacts of heavy metals in municipal solid waste composts compared to sewage sludge. Environ Int. 35(1):142–156. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2008.06.009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smitha GR, Rana VS. 2015. Variations in essential oil yield, geraniol and geranyl acetate contents in palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii, Roxb. Wats. var. motia) influenced by inflorescence development. Ind Crop Prod. 66:150–160. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.12.062.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subbiah BV, Asija GL. 1956. A rapid procedure for the determination of available nitrogen in soil. Curr Sci. 25:599–660.
   Google Scholar
• Tabatabai MA, Bremner JM. 1969. Use a p-nitrophenyl phosphate for assay of soil phosphatase activity. Soil Biol. 1(4):301–307. doi:10.1016/0038-0717(69)90012-1.
   Google Scholar
• Tewari A, Chauhan LKS, Kumar D, Gupta SK. 2005. Municipal sludge leachate induced genotoxicity in mice – a subacute study. Mutat Res. 587(1–2):9–15. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2005.07.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tewari A, Singh R, Singh NK, Rai UN. 2008. Amelioration of municipal sludge by Pistia stratiotes L.: role of antioxidant enzymes in detoxification of metals. Bioresour Technol. 99(18):8715–8721. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbaniak M, Wyrwicka A, Tołoczko W, Serwecińska L, Zieliński M. 2017. The effect of sewage sludge application on soil properties and willow (Salix sp.) cultivation. Sci Total Environ. 586:66–75. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urra J, Alkorta I, Mijangos I, Epelde L, Garbisu C. 2019. Application of sewage sludge to agricultural soil increases the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes without altering the composition of prokaryotic communities. Sci Total Environ. 647:1410–1420. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.092.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vaitkute D, Baltrenaite E, Booth CA, Fullen MA. 2010. Does sewage sludge amendment to soil enhance the development of Silver birch and Scots pine. Hung Geogr Bull. 59(4):393–410.
   Google Scholar
• Verbruggen N, Hermans C. 2008. Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids. 35(4):753–759. doi:10.1007/s00726-008-0061-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verma SK, Singh K, Gupta AK, Pandey VC, Trivedi P, Verma RK, Patra DD. 2014. Aromatic grasses for phytomanagement of coal fly ash hazards. Ecol Eng. 73:425–428. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.09.106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walkley A, Black IA. 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff method for determining organic carbon in soils: effect of variations in digestion conditions and of inorganic soil constituents. Soil Sci. 63(4):251–263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanqun Z, Yuan L, Jianjun C, Haiyan C, Li Q, Schvartz C. 2005. Hyperaccumulation of Pb, Zn and Cd in herbaceous grown on lead–zinc mining area in Yunnan, China. Environ Int. 31(5):755–762. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2005.02.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaier H, Ghnaya T, Rejeb KB, Lakhdar A, Rejeb S, Jemal F. 2010. Effects of EDTA on phytoextraction of heavy metals (Zn, Mn and Pb) from sludge-amended soil with Brassica napus. Bioresour Technol. 101(11):3978–3983. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar