Supervisees’ Perceptions of Effective Supervision: A Comparison of Fully Synchronous Cybersupervision to Traditional Methods

References

• Armstrong, P., & Schneiders, I. (2003). Video and telephone technology in supervision and supervision training. Technology in counselling and psychotherapy: A practitioner’s guide. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave.
   Google Scholar
• Barak, A., & Hen, L. (2008). Exposure in cyberspace as means of enhancing psychological assessment. In A. Barak (Ed.), Psychological aspects of cyberspace: Theory, research, applications, (pp. 129–162). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Bernard, J. M., & Goodyear, R. K. (2013). Fundamentals of clinical supervision, (5th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Bowen, W. G., Chingos, M. M., Lack, K. A., & Nygren, T. I. (2012). Interactive learning online at public universities: Evidence from random trials. New York, NY: Ithaca S+R.
   Google Scholar
• Chapman, R. A., Baker, S. B., Nassar-McMillan, S. C., & Gerier, E. R. (2011). Cybersupervision: Further examination of synchronous and asynchronous modalities in counseling practicum supervision. Counselor Education & Supervision, 50, 298–313. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2011.tb01917.x
   Google Scholar
• Chedzoy, O. B. (2006). Phi-coefficient. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences, 9. doi:10.1002/9781118445112.stat00682
   Google Scholar
• Clingerman, T. L., & Bernard, J. M. (2004). An investigation of the use of e-mail as a supplemental modality for clinical supervision. Counselor Education and Supervision, 44(2), 82–95. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2004.tb01862.x
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155–159. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker, J., Jones, W., Staples, P. A., & Harbach, R. L. (2002). Cybersupervision in the first practicum: Implications for research and practice. Guidance & Counseling, 18, 33–37.
   Google Scholar
• Conn, S. R., Powell, B. R., & Roberts, R. L. (2009). Attitudes and satisfaction with a hybrid model of counseling supervision. Educational Technology & Society, 12, 298–306.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook, J. E., & Doyle, C. (2002). Working alliance in online therapy as compared to face-to-face therapy: Preliminary results. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 5, 95–105. doi:10.1089/109493102753770480
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Council for Accreditation of Counseling, & Related Educational Programs (CACREP). (2016). Directory. Retrieved from http://www.cacrep.org/
   Google Scholar
• Crowell, L., & McCarragher, T. (2007). Delivering a social work MSW program through distance education: An innovative collaboration between two universities, USA. Social Work Education, 26, 376–388. doi:10.1080/02615470601081688
   Google Scholar
• Cuijpers, P. (2016). Are all psychotherapies equally effective in the treatment of adult depression? The lack of statistical power of comparative outcome studies. Evidence Based Mental Health, 19(2), 39–42. ebmental-2016. doi:10.1136/eb-2016-102341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings, R. (2002). Cybersupervision: Virtual peer group counseling supervision—Hindrance or help? Counseling & Psychotherapy Research, 2, 222–229. doi:10.1080/14733140212331384705
   Google Scholar
• Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160. doi:10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenichel, M., Suler, J., Barak, A., Zelvin, E., Jones, G., Munro, K.,  … Walker-Schmucker, W. (2002). Myths and realities of online clinical work. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 5, 481–497. doi:10.1089/109493102761022904
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Finfgeld, D. L. (1999). Psychotherapy in cyberspace. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 5, 105–110. doi:10.1177/107839039900500401
   Google Scholar
• Gainor, K. A., & Constantine, M. G. (2002). Multicultural group supervision: A comparison of in-person versus web-based formats. Professional School counseling, 6, 104–111.
   Google Scholar
• Gammon, D., Sørlie, T., Bergvik, S., & Sørensen Høifødt, T. (1998). Psychotherapy supervision conducted via videoconferencing: A qualitative study of users’ experiences. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 52(5), 411–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Getzelman, M. A. (2003). Development and validation of the group supervision impact scale (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
   Google Scholar
• Glazer, H. R., & Wanstreet, C. E. (2011). Connection to the academic community: Perceptions of students in online education. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 12, 55–62.
   Google Scholar
• Glosoff, H. L., Renfro-Michel, E., & Nagarajan, S. (2016). Ethical issues related to the use of technology in clinical supervision. In T. Rousmaniere & E. Renfro-Michel (Eds.), ACA using technology to enhance clinical supervision, (pp. 31–46). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, C., & Luke, M. (2012). Discursive negotiation of face via email: Professional identity development in school counseling supervision. Linguistics & Education, 23, 112–122. doi:10.1016/j.linged.2011.05.002
   Google Scholar
• Gordon, C., & Luke, M. (2013). Re-and pre-authoring experiences in email supervision: Creating and revising professional meanings in an asynchronous medium. In D. Tannen & A. M. Trester (Eds.), Discourse 2.0 language and new media, (pp. 167–181). Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Graf, N. M., & Stebnicki, M. A. (2002). Using email for clinical supervision: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation, 68(3), 41–49.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall, R. C., Macvaugh, G. S., Merideth, P., & Montgomery, J. (2007). Commentary: Delving further into liability for psychotherapy supervision. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law Online, 35(2), 196–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haythornthwaite, S. (2002). Videoconferencing training for those working with at-risk young people in rural areas of Western Australia. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 8(2), 29–33.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hyler, S. E., Gangure, D. P., & Batchelder, S. T. (2005). Can telepsychiatry replace in-person psychiatric assessments? A review and meta-analysis of comparison studies. CNS Spectrums, 10, 403–413. doi:10.1017/s109285290002277x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• International Telecommunications Union. (2016). Facts and figures 2015. Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/facts/2011/material/ICTFactsFigures2011.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Kanter, J. W., Tasi, M., Homan, G., & Koerner, K. (2013). Preliminary data from a randomized pilot study of Web-based functional analytic psychotherapy therapist training. Psychotherapy, 50, 248–255. doi:10.1037/a0029814
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobak, K. A, Craske, M. G., Rose, R. D., & Wolitsky-Taylor, K. (2013). Web-based therapist training on cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: A pilot study. Psychotherapy, 50, 235–247. doi:10.1037/a0030568
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lane, D. M. (2016). Interpreting non-significant results. In D. M. Lane (Ed.), Online statistics education: A multimedia course of study (pp. 329–369). Houston, TX: Rice University. Retrieved from http://onlinestatbook.com/
   Google Scholar
• Luke, M., & Gordon, C. (2011). A discourse analysis of school counseling supervisory e-mail. Counselor Education and Supervision, 50, 274–291. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2011.tb00124.x
   Google Scholar
• Maki, R. H., Maki, W. S., Patterson, M., & Whittaker, D. P. (2000). Evaluation of a web-based introductory psychology course: I. Learning and satisfaction in on-line versus lecture courses. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 32, 230–239. doi:10.3758/BF03207788
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martella, R. C., Nelson, J. R., Morgan, R. L., & Marchand-Martella, N. E. (2013). Understanding and interpreting educational research. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miller, G. M., & Dollarhide, C. T. (2006). Supervision in schools: Building pathways to excellence. Counselor Education & Supervision, 45, 296–303. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2006.tb00005.x
   Google Scholar
• Muilenburg, L. Y., & Berge, Z. L. (2005). Student barriers to online learning: A factor analytic study. Distance Education, 26, 29–48. doi:10.1080/01587910500081269
   Google Scholar
• Myrick, R. D., & Sabella, R. A. (1995). Cyberspace: New place for counselor supervision. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 30(1), 35–45.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, J. A., Nichter, M., & Henriksen, R. (2010). On-line supervision and face-to-face supervision in the counseling internship: An exploratory study of similarities and differences. VISTAS, 2010, 10.
   Google Scholar
• Parker, K., Moore, A., & Lenhart, A. (2011). The digital revolution and higher education. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center.
   Google Scholar
• Paulson, L. R., & Casile, W. J. (2014). Building bridges: A pilot program for training and support of rural supervisors. The Clinical Supervisor, 33, 204–227. doi:10.1080/07325223
   Google Scholar
• Perry, C. W. (2012). Constructing professional identity in an online graduate clinical training program: Possibilities for online supervision. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 31, 53–67. doi:10.1521/jsyt.2012.31.3.53
   Google Scholar
• Rees, C. S., & Gillam, D. (2001). Training in cognitive-behavioral therapy for mental health professionals: A pilot study of videoconferencing. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 7, 300–303. doi:10.1258/1357633011936561
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rees, C. S., Krabbe, M., & Monoghan, B. J. (2009). Education in cognitive-behavioral therapy for mental health professionals. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 15, 59–63. doi:10.1258/jtt.2008.008005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder, R. (2011, May). The open future of online learning. Paper presented at the e-Cornucopia annual conference, Rochester, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
   Google Scholar
• Sholomskas, D. E., Syracuse-Siewert, G., Rounsaville, B. J., Ball, S. A., Nuro, K. F., & Carroll, K. M. (2005). We don’t train in vain: A dissemination trial of three strategies of training clinicians in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Consulting and clinical Psychology, 73, 106–115. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.73.1.106
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sørlie, T., Gammon, D. Begvik, S., & Secton, H. (1999). Psychotherapy supervision face-to-face and by videoconferencing: A comparative study. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 15, 452–462. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0118.1999.tb00475.x
   Google Scholar
• Stebnicki, M. A., & Glover, N. M. (2001). E-Supervision as a complementary approach to traditional face-to-face clinical supervision in rehabilitation counseling: Problems and solutions. Rehabilitation Education, 15(3), 283–293.
   Google Scholar
• Weingardt, K. R., Cucciare, M. A., Bellotti, C., & Lai, W. (2009). A randomized trial comparing two models of Web-based training in cognitive-behavior therapy for substance abuse counselors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 37, 219–227. doi:10.1016/j.sat.2009.01.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weingardt, K. R., Villafranca, S. W., & Levin, C. (2006). Technology-based training in cognitive behavior therapy for substance abuse counselors. Substance Abuse, 27, 19–26. doi:10.1300/J465v27n03
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Welkowitz, J., Ewen, R., & Cohen, J. (2014). Introductory statistics for the behavioral sciences. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science. Retrieved from http://www.eblib.com
   Google Scholar