Crowdsourcing functions of the living city from Twitter and Foursquare data

References

• AreaVibes. 2010. Find the Best Places to Live. Accessed 30 September 2014 http://www.areavibes.com/
   Google Scholar
• Berg, B. L., and H. Lune. 2004. Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Vol. 5. Boston, MA: Pearson.
   Google Scholar
• Birkin, M., G. P. Clarke, and M. Clarke. 1999. “GIS for Business and Service Planning.” In Geographical Information Systems: Principles Techniques Management and Applications, edited by P. A. Longley, M. F. Goodchild, D. J. Maguire, and D. W. Rhind, 2. New York: Wiley.
   Google Scholar
• Boser, B. E., I. M. Guyon, and V. N. Vapnik. 1992. “A Training Algorithm for Optimal Margin Classifiers.” In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory, 144–152. ACM, July.
   Google Scholar
• Carmona, M. 2010. Public Places, Urban Spaces: The Dimensions of Urban Design (2nd ed.). Amsterdam: Architectural Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ciuccarelli, P., G. Lupi, and L. Simeone. 2014. Visualizing the Data City: Social Media as a Source of Knowledge for Urban Planning and Management. London: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Cranshaw, J., R. Schwartz, J. I. Hong, and N. M. Sadeh. 2012. “The Livehoods Project: Utilizing Social Media to Understand the Dynamics of a City.” In Proceedings of the 6th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM). Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, June 4–8. Menlo Park, CA: AAAI Press.
   Google Scholar
• Crawford, S. P., and D. Walters. 2013. “Citizen-Centered Governance: The Mayor’s Office of New Urban Mechanics and the Evolution of CRM.” Berkman Center Research Publication No. 17, Boston, MA, August 7. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2307158.
   Google Scholar
• Crooks, A., D. Pfoser, A. Jenkins, A. Croitoru, A. Stefanidis, D. Smith, and G. Lamprianidis. 2015. “Crowdsourcing Urban Form and Function.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 29 (5): 720–741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Currid, E., and S. Williams. 2010. “The Geography of Buzz: Art, Culture and the Social Milieu in Los Angeles and New York.” Journal of Economic Geography 10 (3): 423–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foursquare Category Hierarchy. n.d.. Accessed 30 September 2014. https://developer.foursquare.com/categorytree
   Google Scholar
• Girardin, F., A. Vaccari, A. Gerber, A. Biderman, and C. Ratti. 2009. “Quantifying Urban Attractiveness from the Distribution and Density of Digital Footprints.” International Journal of Spatial Data Infrastructures Research 4: 175–200.
   Google Scholar
• Goodchild, M. F. 2007. “Citizens as Sensors: The World of Volunteered Geography.” GeoJournal 69 (4): 211–221. doi:10.1007/s10708-007-9111-y.
   Google Scholar
• Gould, P., and R. White. 1992. Mental Maps (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Greenfield, A., and M. Shepard. 2007. Urban Computing and Its Discontents. New York: The Architectural League of New York.
   Google Scholar
• Hollenstein, L., and R. Purves. 2010. “Exploring Place through User-Generated Content: Using Flickr Tags to Describe City Cores.” Journal of Spatial Information Science 1: 21–48.
   Google Scholar
• Hotho, A., A. Nürnberger, and G. Paaß. 2005. “A Brief Survey of Text Mining.” Ldv Forum 20 (1): 19–62.
   Google Scholar
• Hu, S., and L. Wang. 2013. “Automated Urban Land-Use Classification with Remote Sensing.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 34 (3): 790–803. doi:10.1080/01431161.2012.714510.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Joachims, T. 1998. “Text Categorization with Support Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant Features.‘ In ECML ‘98 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Machine Learning,, 137–142. Berlin: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Leaflet for R [Computer software]. 2015. Accessed February 10, 2015. https://rstudio.github.io/leaflet/
   Google Scholar
• Latham, A. 2003. “Research, Performance, and Doing Human Geography: Some Reflections on the Diary-Photograph, Diary-Interview Method.” Environment and Planning A 35 (11): 1993–2017. doi:10.1068/a3587.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, R., S. Wakamiya, and K. Sumiya. 2013. “Urban Area Characterization Based on Crowd Behavioral Lifelogs over Twitter.” Personal and Ubiquitous Computing 17 (4): 605–620. doi:10.1007/s00779-012-0510-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, G., and Q. Weng. 2007. “Measuring the Quality of Life in City of Indianapolis by Integration of Remote Sensing and Census Data.” International Journal of Remote Sensing 28 (2): 249–267. doi:10.1080/01431160600735624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, H., B. Luo, and D. Lee. 2012. “Location Type Classification Using Tweet Content.” In Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA), 2012 11th International Conference on, December, Vol. 1, 232–237. Boca Raton, FL: IEEE.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., C. Kliman-Silver, and A. Mislove. 2014. “The Tweets They Are a-Changin’: Evolution of Twitter Users and Behavior.” International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (ICWSM) 13: 55.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Y., X. Liu, S. Gao, L. Gong, C. Kang, Y. Zhi, and L. Shi. 2015. “Social Sensing: A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 105 (3): 512–530.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longley, P. A. 2002. “Geographical Information Systems: Will Developments in Urban Remote Sensing and GIS Lead to ‘Better’ Urban Geography?” Progress in Human Geography 26 (2): 231–239. doi:10.1191/0309132502ph366pr.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lynch, K. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Madden, S. 2012. “From Databases to Big Data.” IEEE Internet Computing 16( IEEE): 4–6. doi:10.1109/MIC.2012.50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McEntee, J., and J. Agyeman. 2010. “Towards the Development of a GIS Method for Identifying Rural Food Deserts: Geographic Access in Vermont, USA.” Applied Geography 30 (1): 165–176. doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.05.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLafferty, S. L. 2003. “GIS and Health Care.” Annual Review of Public Health 24 (1): 25–42. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.24.012902.141012.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rouault, A. 2013. A Bottom-Up Smart City. Accessed 20 September 2014. http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/a-bottom-up-smart-city-355
   Google Scholar
• Salesses, P., K. Schechtner, and C. A. Hidalgo. 2013. “The Collaborative Image of the City: Mapping the Inequality of Urban Perception.” Plos One 8 (7): e68400. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0068400.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seto, K. C., and R. K. Kaufmann. 2003. “Modeling the Drivers of Urban Land Use Change in the Pearl River Delta, China: Integrating Remote Sensing with Socioeconomic Data.” Land Economics 79 (1): 106–121. doi:10.2307/3147108.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiny [ Computer software]. 2015. Accessed February 10, 2015. http://shiny.rstudio.com/
   Google Scholar
• Sui, D., and M. Goodchild. 2011. “The Convergence of GIS and Social Media: Challenges for Giscience.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 25 (11): 1737–1748. doi:10.1080/13658816.2011.604636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sunderland, N., H. Bristed, O. Gudes, J. Boddy, and M. Da Silva. 2012. “What Does It Feel Like to Live Here? Exploring Sensory Ethnography as a Collaborative Methodology for Investigating Social Determinants of Health in Place.” Health & Place 18 (5): 1056–1067. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.05.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walk Score 2007. “Live Where You Love.” Accessed 30 September 2014. http://www.walkscore.com/
   Google Scholar
• Weiss, S. (2010). Text Mining: Predictive Methods for Analyzing Unstructured Information. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Weng, Q. 2010. Remote Sensing and GIS Integration: Theories, Methods, and Applications, 416. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Whyte, W., and P. Underhill. (2012). City Rediscovering the Center. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
   Google Scholar
• Wridt, P. 2010. “A Qualitative GIS Approach to Mapping Urban Neighborhoods with Children to Promote Physical Activity and Child-Friendly Community Planning.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 37 (1): 129–147. doi:10.1068/b35002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, A., and A. Nahapetian. 2013. “Participatory Sensing for Fighting Food Deserts.” In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks, Boston, MA, September, 221–224.
   Google Scholar
• Zook, M. A., and M. Graham. 2007. “Mapping Digiplace: Geocoded Internet Data and the Representation of Place.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 34: 466–482. doi:10.1068/b3311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar