The Influence of Permafrost and Fire upon Carbon Accumulation in High Boreal Peatlands, Northwest Territories, Canada

References Cited

• Auclair, A. N. D. and Carter, T. B., 1993: Forest wildfires as a recent source of CO2 at northern latitudes. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23: 1528–1536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aylesworth, J. M., Kettles, I. M., and Todd, B. J., 1993: Peatland distribution in the Fort Simpson area, Northwest Territories with a geophyscial study of peatland-permafrost relationships at Antoine Lake. In: Current Research, Part E, Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 93–1E: 141–148.
   Google Scholar
• Billings, W. D, 1987: Carbon balance of Alaskan tundra and taiga ecosystems: past, present and future. Quaternary Science Reviews, 6: 165–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bubier, J. L., Crill, P. M., Moore, T. R., Savage, K., and Varner, R., 1998: Seasonal patterns and controls on net CO2 exchange in a boreal peatland complex. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 12: 703–714.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camill, P., 1999: Succession and carbon dynamics of boreal permafrost peatlands during rapid climate warming. Ph.D. thesis, Duke University, Durham, N.C. 293 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Camill, P. and Clark, J. S., 1998: Climate change disequilibrium of boreal permafrost peatlands caused by local processes. The American Naturalist, 151: 207–222.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chatwin, S.C., 1981: Permafrost aggradation and degradation in a subarctic peatland. M.Sc. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton. 176 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Clague, J. J., Evans, S. G., Rampton, V. N., and G. J. Woodsworth, 1995: Improved age estimates for the White River and Bridge River tephras, western Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 32: 1172–1179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clymo, R. S., Turunen, J., and Tolonen, K., 1998: Carbon accumulation in peatland. Oikos, 81: 368–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Efremova, T. T. and Efremov, S. P., 1994: Peat fires as an ecological factor in the development of forest-bog ecosystems. Russian Journal of Ecology, 25: 330–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Englefield, P. G. C., 1995: Rate of permafrost degradation in peatlands. M.Sc. thesis, University of Alberta, Edmonton. 33 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Environment Canada, 1993: Canadian Climate Normals, 1961–1990, Yukon and Northwest Territories. Canadian Climate Program, Environment Canada, Ottawa.
   Google Scholar
• Flannigan, M. D. and Van Wagner, C. E., 1991: Climate change and wildfire in Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21: 66–72.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham, E., 1991: Northern peatlands: role in the carbon cycle and probable responses to climatic warming. Ecological Applications, 1: 182–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gorham, E., 1995: The biogeochemistry of northern peatlands and its possible response to global warming. In Woodwell, G. M. and MacKenzie, F. T. (eds.), Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climate System: Will the Warming Speed the Warming? New York: Oxford University Press, 169–187.
   Google Scholar
• Halsey, L. A., Vitt, D. H., and Zoltai, S. C., 1995: Disequilibrium response of permafrost in boreal continental western Canada to climate change. Climatic Change, 30: 57–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasischke, E. S., Christensen, N. L. Jr., and Stocks, B. J., 1995: Fire, global warming, and the carbon balance of boreal forests. Ecological Applications, 5: 437–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kershaw, G. P. and Gill, D., 1979: Growth and decay of palsas and peat plateaus in the Macmillan Pass-Tsichu River area, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 16: 1362–1374.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinger, L. F., 1996: The myth of the classic hydrosere model of bog succession. Arctic and Alpine Research, 28: 1–9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhry, P., 1994: The role of fire in the development of Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in western boreal Canada. Journal of Ecology, 82: 899–910.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhry, P., 1998: Late Holocene permafrost dynamics in two subarctic peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowlands (Manitoba, Canada). Eurasian Soil Science, 31: 529–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhry, P., Nicholson, B. J., Gignac, L. D., Vitt, D. H., and Bayley, S. E., 1993: Development of Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in boreal continental Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany, 71: 10–22.
   Google Scholar
• Kwong, Y. T. J. and Gan, T. Y., 1994: Northward migration of permafrost along the Mackenzie Highway and climatic warming. Climatic Change, 26: 399–419.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landva, A. O. and Pheeney, P. E., 1980: Peat fabric and structure. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 17: 416–435.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liblik, L. K., Moore, T. R., Bubier, J. L., and Robinson, S. D., 1997: Methane emissions from wetlands in the zone of discontinuous permafrost: Fort Simpson, Northwest Territories, Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 11: 485–494.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luken, J. O. and Billings, W. D., 1983: Changes in bryophyte production associated with a thermokarst erosion cycle in a subarctic bog. Lindbergia, 9: 163–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maimer, N. and Wallén, B., 1996: Peat formation and mass balance in subarctic ombrotrophic peatlands around Abisko, northern Scandinavia. Ecological Bulletins, 45: 79–92.
   Google Scholar
• Middeldorp, A., 1982: Pollen concentration as a basis for indirect dating and quantifying net organic and fungal production in a peat bog ecosystem. Reviews of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 37: 225–282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moodie, D. W., Catchpole, A. J. W., and Abel, K., 1992: Northern Athapaskan oral traditions and the White River volcano. Ethnohistory, 39: 148–171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, T. R., 1997: Dissolved organic carbon: sources, sinks and fluxes and role in the soil carbon cycle. In Lal, R., Kimble, J. M., Follett, R. F., and Stewart, B. A. (eds.), Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle. Advances in Soil Science. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 281–292.
   Google Scholar
• National Wetlands Working Group (NWWG), 1988: Wetlands of Canada. Ecological Land Classification Series No. 24. Ottawa: Environment Canada. 452 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson, B. J., Gignac, L. D., Bayley, S. E., and Vitt, D. H., 1997: Vegetation response to global warming: Interactions between boreal forest, wetlands, and regional hydrology. In Cohen, S. J. (ed.), Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS) Final Report. Downsview: Environment Canada, 125–145.
   Google Scholar
• Oechel, W. C. and Vourlitis, G. L., 1994: The effects of climate change on land-atmosphere feedbacks in arctic tundra regions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 324–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ovenden, L., 1982: Vegetation history of a polygonal peatland, northern Yukon. Boreas, 11: 209–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitkänen, A., Turunen, J., and Tolonen, K., 1999: The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of a mire, eastern Finland. The Holocene, 9: 479–488.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid, D. E. and Morrow, S., 1977: Peat landforms in the Fort Simpson area. In: Vegetation surveys and disturbance studies along the proposed Arctic Gas Route. Biological Report Series, Volume 37. Arctic Gas, Calgary.
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie, J. C., 1987: Postglacial Vegetation of Canada. New York: Cambridge University Press. 178 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson, S. D. and Moore, T. R., 1999: Carbon and peat accumulation over the past 1200 years in a landscape with discontinuous permafrost, northwestern Canada. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13: 591–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seppälä, M., 1986: The origin of palsas. Geografiska Annaler, 68A: 141–147.
   Google Scholar
• Seppälä, M., 1988: Palsas and related forms. In Clark, M. J. (ed.), Advances in Periglacial Geomorphology. Chichester: Wiley, 247–278.
   Google Scholar
• Tarnocai, C., 1972: The use of remote sensing techniques to study peatland and vegetation types, organic soils and permafrost in the boreal region of Manitoba. Proceedings of the First Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, 323–335.
   Google Scholar
• Thie, J., 1974: Distribution and thawing of permafrost in the southern part of the discontinuous permafrost zone in Manitoba. Arctic, 27: 189–200.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolonen, K. and Turunen, J., 1996: Accumulation rates of carbon in mires in Finland and implications for climate change. The Holocene, 6: 171–178.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trumbore, S. E. and Harden, J. W., 1997: Accumulation and turnover of carbon in organic and mineral soils of the BOREAS northern study area. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 (D24): 28,817–28,830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vardy, S. R., Warner, B. G., and Aravena, R., 1997: Holocene climate effects on the development of a peatland on the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories. Quaternary Research, 47: 90–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Breemen, N., 1995: How Sphagnum down other plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10: 270–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitt, D. H., Halsey, L. A., and Zoltai, S. C., 1994: The bog landforms of continental western Canada in relation to climate and permafrost patterns. Arctic and Alpine Research, 26: 1–13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waddington, J. M., Griffis, T. J., and Rouse, W. R., 1998: Northern Canadian wetlands: Net ecosystem CO2 exchange and climate change. Climatic Change, 40: 267–275.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waelbroeck, C., Monfray, P., Oechel, W. C., Hastings, S., and Vourlitis, G., 1997: The impact of permafrost thawing on the carbon dynamics of tundra. Geophysical Research Letters, 24: 229–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Warner, B. G., 1996: Vertical gradients in peatlands. In Mulamoottil, G., Warner, B. G., and McBean, E. A. (eds.), Wetlands: Environmental Gradients, Boundaries, and Buffers. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 45–65.
   Google Scholar
• Wright, J. F., 1995: A hybrid model for predicting permafrost occurrence and thickness. Unpublished M.A. thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa. 92 pp.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1972: Palsas and peat plateaus in central Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2: 291–302.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1993: Cyclic development of permafrost in the peatlands of northwestern Alberta, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, 25: 240–246.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C., 1995: Permafrost distribution in peatlands of west-central Canada during the Holocene warm period 6000 years BP. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire, 49: 45–54.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C. and Johnson, J. D., 1985: Development of a treed bog island in a minerotrophic fen. Canadian Journal of Botany, 63: 1076–1085.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C. and Pollett, F. C., 1983: Wetlands in Canada. In Gore, A. J. P. (ed.), Ecosystems of the World: Mires, Swamp, Bog, Fen and Moor, Volume 4B—Regional Studies. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 245–268.
   Google Scholar
• Zoltai, S. C. and Tarnocai, C., 1975: Perennially frozen peatlands in the western Arctic and Subarctic of Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 12: 28–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar