279
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Hierarchical Organization of Ecosystems at Multiple Spatial Scales on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, U.S.A.

Pages 221-239 | Published online: 02 May 2018

References Cited

  • Amundson, R. and Jenny, H., 1997: On a state-factor model of ecosystems. Bioscience, 47: 536–543.
  • Austin, M. P. and Heyligers, P. C., 1989: Vegetation survey design for conservation: gradsect sampling of forests in northeastern New South Wales. Biological Conservation, 50: 13–32.
  • Babcock, C. A. and Ely, C. R., 1994: Classification of vegetation communities in which geese rear broods on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72: 1294–1301.
  • Bailey, R. G., 1996: Ecosystem Geography. New York: Springer-Verlag. 199 pp.
  • Barbour, M. G., Burk, J. H., and Pitts, W. D., 1987: Terrestrial Plant Ecology. Menlo Park, Calif.: Benjamin Cummings Publishing. 604 pp.
  • Bliss, L. C. and Gold, W. G., 1994: The patterning of plant communities and edaphic factors along a high-arctic coastline: Implications for succession. Canadian Journal of Botany, 72: 1095–1107.
  • Collett, D. M., 1991: Vegetation in the vicinity of Niugtaq, a village of the coastal subarctic tundra in western Alaska. Unpublished report, Box 704, Sterling, Alaska. 8 pp.
  • Dupré, W. R., 1980: Yukon Delta coastal processes study. In: Environmental Assessment Alaska Continental Shelf. Washington, D.C.: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 268–322.
  • Earle, J. C. and Kershaw, K. A., 1989: Vegetation patterns in James Bay coastal marshes, III. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67: 2967–2974.
  • ECOMAP, 1993: National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Forest Service. 20 pp.
  • Fienup-Riordan, A., 1999: Yaqulget Qaillun Pilartat (what the birds do): Yup'ik Eskimo understanding of geese and those who study them. Arctic, 52: 1–22.
  • Frank, D. A. and McNaughton, S. J., 1990: Aboveground biomass estimation with the canopy intercept method: A plant growth form caveat. Oikos, 57: 57–60.
  • Gallant, A. L., Binnian, E. F., Omernik, J. M., and Shasby, M. B., 1995: Ecoregions of Alaska. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 73 pp.
  • Hoare, J. M. and Condon, W. H., 1968: Geologic map of the Hooper Bay Quadrangle. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map I-525. Scale 1:250,000.
  • Holling, C. S. 1992: Cross-scale morphology, geometry and dynamics of ecosystems. Ecological Monographs, 62: 447–502.
  • Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A., and Maskell, K., 1996: Climate Change 1996: the Science of Climate Change. Cambridge University Press. 572 pp.
  • IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme), 1992: Global Change: Reducing Uncertainties. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Academy of Sciences. 40 pp.
  • Jorgenson, M. T., 1984: The response of vegetation to landscape evolution on glacial till near Toolik Lake, Alaska. In: Inventorying Forest and Other Vegetation of the High Latitude and High Altitude Regions: Proceedings of an International Symposium. Bethesda, Md.: Society of American Foresters, 134–142.
  • Jorgenson, M. T. and Ely, C., in press: Subtle topographic variation of ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta: implications for sea level rise. Journal of Coastal Research.
  • Jorgenson, M. T., Roth, J., Raynolds, M., Smith, M. D., Lentz, W., Zusi-Cobb, A., and Racine, C. H. 1999. An Ecological Land Survey for Fort Wainwright, Alaska. U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. CRREL Report 99–9. 83 pp.
  • Jorgenson, M. T., Shur, Y., and Walker, H. J., 1998: Factors affecting evolution of a permafrost dominated landscape on the Colville River Delta, northern Alaska. In Lewkowicz, A. G. and Allard, M. (eds.), Proceedings of Seventh International Permafrost Conference. Québec: Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, 523–530.
  • Kincheloe, K. L. and Stehn, R. A., 1991: Vegetation patterns and environmental gradients in coastal meadows on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany, 69: 1616–1627.
  • Klijn, F. and Udo de Haes, H. A., 1994: A hierarchical approach to ecosystems and its implication for ecological land classification. Landscape Ecology, 9: 89–104.
  • Kreig, R. A. and Reger, R. D., 1982: Air-photo analysis and summary of landform soil properties along the route of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System. Fairbanks: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Geologic Report, 66. 149 pp.
  • Levin, S. A., 1992: The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology, 73: 1943–1967.
  • Mason, O. K., Salmon, D. K., and Ludwig, S. L., 1996: The periodicity of storm surges in the Bering Sea from 1898 to 1993, based on newspaper accounts. Climate Change, 34: 109–123.
  • McCune, B. and Mefford, M. J., 1997: PC-ORD: Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 3.0. Gleneden Beach, OR: MjM Software Design.
  • McDowell, S., Signorini, S., Pace, S., and Borchardt, J., 1987: Yukon Delta processes: physical oceanography. Environmental Assessment Alaska Continental Shelf, OSCEAP Final Report 75: 335–661.
  • Montgomery, D. R., 1997: The influence of geological processes on ecological systems. In Schoonmaker, P. K., von Hagen, B., and Wolf, E. C. (eds.), The Rain Forests of Home: Profile of a North American Bioregion. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 43–68.
  • Mueller-Dombois, D. and Ellenberg, H., 1974: Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. New York: Wiley. 547 pp.
  • NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), 1987: Tidal Current Tables: Pacific Coast of North America and Asia. Washington, DC: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
  • National Wetlands Working Group, 1988: Wetlands of Canada. Montreal, Québec: Environment Canada. 452 pp.
  • O'Neil, R. V., DeAngelis, D. L., Waide, J. B., and Allen, T. F. H., 1986; A Hierarchical Concept of Ecosystems. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Rawlinson, S. E., 1993: Surficial Geology and Morphology of the Alaskan Central Arctic Coastal Plain. Fairbanks, AK: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Report of Investigations 93–1. 172 pp.
  • Rowe, J. S. 1961. The level-of-integration concept and ecology. Ecology, 42: 420–427.
  • Ruess, R. W., Uliassi, D. D., Moulder, C. P. H., and Person, B. T., 1997: Growth responses of Carex ramenskii to defoliation, salinity, and nitrogen availability: implications for geese-ecosystem dynamics in western Alaska. EcoScience, 4: 170–178.
  • Sedinger, J. S. and Newbury, T., 1998. Coastal ecosystems. In Weller, G. and Anderson P. A. (eds.), Implications of Global Change in the Western Arctic, Proceedings of a Workshop, Fairbanks, AK. Fairbanks: University of Alaska, 105–114.
  • Sedinger, J. S., Ward, D. H., Anthony, R. M., Derksen, D. V., Lensink, C. J., Bollinger, K. S., and Dawe, N. K., 1994: Management of Pacific brant: Population structure and conservation issues. Transactions of the North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference, 59: 50–62.
  • Shugart, H. H., 1998: Terrestrial Ecosystems in Changing Environments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 537 pp.
  • Shur, Y. and Jorgenson, M. T., 1998: Cryostructure development on the floodplain of the Colville River Delta, northern Alaska. In Lewkowicz, A. G. and Allard, M. (eds.), Proceedings of Seventh International Permafrost Conference. Québec: Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, 993–1000.
  • Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993: Soil Survey Manual. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 437 pp.
  • Swanson, F. J., Kratz, T. K., Caine, N., and Woodmansee, R. G., 1988: Landform effects on ecosystem patterns and processes. Bioscience, 38: 92–98.
  • Tande, G. F. and Jennings, T. W., 1986: Classification and Mapping of Tundra Near Hazen Bay, Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge. Anchorage, AK: Alaska Investigations Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 187 pp.
  • Thorsteinson, L. K., Becker, P. R., and Hale, D. A., 1989: The Yukon Delta: A Synthesis of Information. Anchorage, AK: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, OCS Study, MMS 89–0081. 89 pp.
  • Vince, S. W. and Snow, A. A., 1984: Plant zonation in an Alaska salt marsh. Journal of Ecology, 72: 651–667.
  • Walker, D. A., Everett, K. R., Webber, P. J., and Brown, J., 1980: Geobotanical Atlas of the Prudhoe Bay Region, Alaska. Hanover, NH: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory: CRREL Report 80–14. 69 pp.
  • Walker, D. A., 1983: A hierarchical tundra vegetation classification especially designed for mapping in northern Alaska. Permafrost: Fourth International Conference Proceedings. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1332–1337.
  • Warrick, R. A., Le Provost, C., Meier, M. F., Oerlemans, J., and Woodworth, P. L., 1996: Changes in sea level. In Houghton, J. T., Meira Filho, L. G., Callander, B. A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A., and Maskell, K. (eds.), Climate Change 1996: The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 359–406.
  • Washburn, A. L., 1973: Periglacial Processes and Environments. London: Edward Arnold. 320 pp.
  • Wiens, J. A., 1989: Spatial scaling in ecology. Functional Ecology, 3: 385–397.
  • Wiken, E. B. and Ironside, G., 1977: The development of ecological (biophysical) land classification in Canada. Landscape Planning, 4: 273–275.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.