References
- Abnizova, A., J. Siemens, M. Langer, and J. Boike. 2012. Small ponds with major impact: The relevance of ponds and lakes in permafrost landscapes to carbon dioxide emissions. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26 (2):1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004237.
- Aichner, B., U. Herzschuh, and H. Wilkes. 2010. Influence of aquatic macrophytes on the stable carbon isotopic signatures of sedimentary organic matter in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau. Organic Geochemistry 41 (7):706–12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.02.002.
- Allen, E. D., and D. H. N. Spence. 1981. The differential ability of aquatic plants to utilize the inorganic carbon supply in fresh water. New Phytolology 87 (2):269–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb03198.x.
- Anderson, N. J., and C. A. Stedmon. 2007. The effect of evapoconcentration on dissolved organic carbon concentration and quality in lakes of SW Greenland. Freshwater Biology 52 (2):280–89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01688.x.
- Anderson, N. J., K. P. Brodersen, D. B. Ryves, S. McGowan, L. S. Johansson, E. Jeppesen, and M. J. Leng. 2008. Climate versus in-lake processes as controls on the development of community structure in a low-arctic lake (South-West Greenland). Ecosystems (New York, N.Y.) 11 (2):307–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-007-9123-y.
- Anderson, N. J., R. Harriman, D. B. Ryves, and S. T. Patrick. 2001. Dominant factors controlling variability in the ionic composition of West Greenland lakes. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 33 (4):418–25. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1552551.
- Anderson, N. J., and M. J. Leng. 2004. Increased aridity during the early Holocene in West Greenland inferred from stable isotopes in laminated-lake sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (7–8):841–49.
- Bain, J. T., and M. C. F. Proctor. 1980. The requirement of aquatic bryophytes for free CO2 as an inorganic carbon source: Some experimental evidence. New Phytology 86:393–400. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb01680.x.
- Bastviken, D., J. Cole, M. Pace, and L. Tranvik. 2004. Methane emissions from lakes: Dependence of lake characteristics, two regional assessments, and a global estimate. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18:GB4009. doi:https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002238.
- Battin, T. J., S. Luyssaert, L. A. Kaplan, A. K. Aufdenkampe, A. Richter, and L. J. Tranvik. 2009. The boundless carbon cycle. Nature Geoscience 2 (9):598–600. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo618.
- Bender, M. 1971. Variations in the 13C/12C ratios of plants in relation to the pathway of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation. Phytochemistry 10 (6):1239–44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84324-1.
- Bernasconi, S. M., A. Barbieri, and M. Simona. 1997. Carbon and nitrogen isotope variations in sedimenting organic matter in Lake Lugano. Limnology and Oceanography 42 (8):1755–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1997.42.8.1755.
- Boschker, H. T. S., E. M. J. Dekkers, R. Pel, and T. E. Cappenberg. 1995. Sources of organic carbon in the littoral of Lake Gooimeer as indicated by stable carbon isotope and carbohydrate compositions. Biogeochemistry 29 (1):89–105. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00002596.
- Brenner, M., D. A. Hodell, B. W. Leyden, J. H. Curtis, W. F. Kenney, B. Gu, and J. M. Newman. 2006. Mechanisms for organic matter and phosphorus burial in sediments of a shallow, subtropical, macrophyte-dominated lake. Journal of Paleolimnology 35 (1):129–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-005-7881-0.
- Cadieux, S. B. 2015. Biogeochemical cycling of methane within adjacent closed-basin lakes on the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Doctoral thesis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
- Cadieux, S. B., J. R. White, P. E. Sauer, Y. Peng, A. E. Goldman, and L. M. Pratt. 2016. Large fractionations of C and H isotopes related to methane oxidation in Arctic lakes. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 187:141–55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.004.
- Cloern, J. E., E. A. Canuel, and D. Harris. 2002. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of aquatic and terrestrial plants of the San Francisco Bay estuarine system. Limnology and Oceanography 47 (3):713–29. doi:https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2002.47.3.0713.
- Cohen, J., J. A. Screen, J. C. Furtado, M. Barlow, D. Whittleston, D. Coumou, J. Francis, K. Dethloff, D. Entekhabi, J. Overland, et al. 2014. Recent Arctic amplification and extreme mid-latitude weather. Nature Geoscience 7 (9):627–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2234.
- Colcord, D. E., S. B. Cadieux, S. C. Brassell, I. S. Castañeda, L. M. Pratt, and J. R. White. 2015. Assessment of branched GDGTs as temperature proxies in sedimentary records from several small lakes in southwestern Greenland. Organic Geochemistry 82:33–41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.02.005.
- Colcord, D. E., A. Pearson, and S. C. Brassell. 2017. Carbon isotopic composition of intact branched GDGT core lipids in Greenland lake sediments and soils. Organic Geochemistry 110:25–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2017.04.008.
- Cole, J., Y. T. Prairie, N. F. Caraco, W. H. McDowell, L. Tranvik, R. G. Striegl, C. M. Duarte, P. Kortelainen, J. A. Downing, J. J. Middleburg, et al. 2007. Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget. Ecosystems (New York, N.Y.) 10:171–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-006-9013-8.
- Downing, J. A. 2010. Emerging global role of small lakes and ponds: Little things mean a lot. Limnetica 29 (1):9–24.
- Eadie, B. J., R. L. Chambers, W. S. Gardner, and G. L. Bell. 1984. Sediment trap studies in Lake Michigan: Resuspension and chemical fluxes in the southern basin. Journal of Great Lakes Research 10 (3):307–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0380-1330(84)71844-2.
- Ehleringer, J. R., N. Buchmann, and L. B. Flanagan. 2000. Carbon isotope ratios in belowground carbon cycle processes. Ecological Applications 10 (2):412–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0412:CIRIBC]2.0.CO;2.
- Farquhar, G. D., J. R. Ehleringer, and K. T. Hubick. 1989. Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Biology 40 (1):503–37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.40.060189.002443.
- Fink, P., L. Peters, and E. Von Elert. 2006. Stoichiometric mismatch between littoral invertebrates and their periphyton food. Archiv Für Hydrobiologie 165 (2):145–65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1127/0003-9136/2006/0165-0145.
- Funder, S. 1978. Holocene stratigraphy and vegetation history in the Scoresby Sund area, East Greenland. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse Bulletin 129:1–65.
- Gälman, V., J. Rydberg, and C. Bigler. 2009. Decadal diagenetic effects on δ13C and δ15N studied in varved lake sediment. Limnology and Oceanography 54 (3):917–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.3.0917.
- Goldman, A. E., S. B. Cadieux, J. R. White, and L. M. Pratt. 2015. Passive sampling method for high-resolution concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved methane in Arctic lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, Methods 14 (2):69–78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10070.
- Guo, C., R. Ochyra, P. Wu, R. D. Seppelt, Y. Yao, L. Bian, S. Li, and C. Li. 2013. Warnstorfia exannulata, an aquatic moss in the Arctic: Seasonal growth responses. Climatic Change 119:407–19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-013-0724-5.
- Hájek, T., S. Ballance, J. Limpens, M. Zijlstra, and J. T. Verhoeven. 2011. Cell-wall polysaccharides play an important role in decay resistance of Sphagnum and actively depressed decomposition in vitro. Biogeochemistry 103 (1–3):45–57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9444-3.
- Ho, E. S., and P. A. Meyers. 1994. Variability of early diagenesis in lake sediments: Evidence from the sedimentary geolipid record in an isolated tarn. Chemical Geology 112 (3):309–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90031-0.
- Jones, R. I., L. King, M. M. Dent, S. C. Maberly, and C. E. Gibson. 2004. Nitrogen stable isotope ratios in surface sediments, epilithon and macrophytes from upland lakes with differing nutrient status. Freshwater Biology 49:382–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.2004.49.issue-4.
- Jørgensen, A. S., and F. Andreasen. 2007. Mapping of permafrost surface using ground-penetrating radar at Kangerlussuaq Airport, western Greenland. Cold Regions Science and Technology 48 (1):64–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2006.10.007.
- Juutinen, S., M. Rantakari, P. Kortelainen, J. T. Huttunen, T. Larmola, J. Alm, J. Silvola, and P. J. Martikainen. 2009. Methane dynamics in different boreal lake types. Biogeosciences (Online) 6 (2):209–23. doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-209-2009.
- Keeley, J. E., and D. R. Sandquist. 1992. Carbon: Freshwater plants. Plant, Cell, and Environment 15 (9):1021–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.1992.15.issue-9.
- Kelley, J. J. 1987. Carbon dioxide in the Arctic environment. Journal of Earth Sciences 35 (2):341–54.
- Kerby, N. W., and J. A. Raven. 1985. Transport and fixation of inorganic carbon by marine algae. Advances in Botanical Research 11:71–123.
- Kling, G. W., G. W. Kipphut, and M. C. Miller. 1991. Arctic lakes and streams as gas conduits to the atmosphere: implications for tundra carbon budgets. Science 251 (4991):298–301.
- Kip, N., J. F. van Winden, Y. Pan, L. Bodrossy, G. J. Reichart, A. J. Smolders, M. S. Jetten, J. S. Damsté, and H. J. Op den Camp. 2010. Global prevalence of methane oxidation by symbiotic bacteria in peat-moss ecosystems. Nature Geoscience 3 (9):617–21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo939.
- Körner, C., G. D. Farquhar, and S. C. Wong. 1991. Carbon isotope discrimination by plants following latitudinal and altitudinal trends. Oecologia 88 (1):30–40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00328400.
- Kroken, S. B., L. E. Graham, and M. E. Cook. 1996. Occurrence and evolutionary significance of resistant cell walls in charophytes and bryophytes. American Journal of Botany 83:1241–54. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/2446108.
- Kuzyakov, Y., and G. Domanski. 2000. Carbon input by plants into the soil: Review. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 163 (4):421–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624.
- LaZerte, B. D., and J. E. Szalados. 1982. Stable carbon isotope ratio of submerged freshwater macrophytes. Limnology and Oceanography 27 (3):413–18. doi:https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1982.27.3.0413.
- Lehmann, M. F., S. M. Bernasconi, A. Barbieri, and J. A. McKenzie. 2002. Preservation of organic matter and alteration of its carbon and nitrogen isotope composition during simulated and in situ early sedimentary diagenesis. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta 66 (20):3573–84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(02)00968-7.
- Leng, M. J., and N. J. Anderson. 2003. Isotopic variation in modern lake waters from western Greenland. The Holocene 13 (4):605–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl620rr.
- Leng, M. J., A. L. Lamb, T. H. Heaton, J. D. Marshall, B. B. Wolfe, M. D. Jones, J. A. Holmes, and C. Arrowsmith. 2006. Isotopes in lake sediments. In Isotopes in palaeoenvironmental research, ed. M. J. Leng, 147–84. Netherlands: Springer.
- Leng, M. J., and J. D. Marshall. 2004. Palaeoclimate interpretation of stable isotope data from lake sediment archives. Quaternary Science Reviews 23:811–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.012.
- Liu, W., X. Li, Z. An, L. Xu, and Q. Zhang. 2013. Total organic carbon isotopes: A novel proxy of lake level from Lake Qinghai in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Chemical Geology 347:153–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.04.009.
- Madsen, T. V., and S. C. Maberly. 2003. High internal resistance to CO2 uptake by submerged macrophytes that use HCO3−: Measurements in air, nitrogen and helium. Photosynthesis Research 77 (2):183–90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025813515956.
- Meehl, G. A., T. F. Stocker, W. D. Collins, P. Friedlingstein, A. T. Gaye, J. M. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J. M. Murphy, A. Noda, et al. 2007. Global climate projections. In Climate change 2007: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, ed. S. Solomon, D. Quin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Meyers, P. A. 1994. Preservation of the elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic matter. Chemical Geology 114:289–302. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)90059-0.
- Meyers, P. A., and R. Ishiwatari. 1993. Lacustrine organic geochemistry: An overview of indicators of organic matter sources and diagenesis in lake sediments. Organic Geochemistry 20 (7):167–900. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(93)90100-P.
- Meyers, P.A., and E. Lallier-Vergès. 1999. Lacustrine sedimentary organic matter records of late Quaternary paleoclimates. Journal of Paleolimnology 21 (3):345–72.
- Meyers, P. A., and J. L. Teranes. 2002. Sediment organic matter. In Tracking environmental changes using lake sediments, volume 2: Physical and geochemical methods, ed. W. M. Last and J. P. Smol, 239–69. Dordrecht: Springer.
- O’Leary, M. H. 1988. Carbon isotopes in photosynthesis. Bioscience 38 (5):328–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.2307/1310735.
- Olsen, J., N. J. Anderson, and M. J. Leng. 2013. Limnological controls on stable isotope records of late-Holocene palaeoenvironment change in SW Greenland: A paired lake study. Quaternary Science Reviews 66:85–95. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.043.
- Olsen, J., K. H. Kjær, S. Funder, N. K. Larsen, and A. Ludikova. 2012. High-Arctic climate conditions for the last 7000 years inferred from multi-proxy analysis of the Bliss Lake record, North Greenland. Journal of Quaternary Science 27 (3):318–27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1548.
- Osmond, C. B. 1981. Photorespiration and photoinhibition: Some implications for the energetics of photosynthesis. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Reviews on Bioenergetics 639 (2):77–98. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4173(81)90006-9.
- Qiu, L., D. F. Williams, A. Gvorzdov, E. Karabanov, and M. Shimaraeva. 1993. Biogenic silica accumulation and paleoproductivity in the northern basin of Lake Baikal during the Holocene. Geology 21:25–28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0025:BSAAPI>2.3.CO;2.
- Raghoebarsing, A. A., A. J. Smolders, M. C. Schmid, W. I. C. Rijpstra, M. Wolters-Arts, J. Derksen, M. S. Jetten, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe Damsté, L. P. Lamers, et al. 2005. Methanotrophic symbionts provide carbon for photosynthesis in peat bogs. Nature 436 (7054):1153–56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03802.
- Raven, J. A. 1970. Exogenous inorganic carbon sources in plant photosynthesis. Biological Reviews 45:167–221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-185X.1970.tb01629.x.
- Rydberg, J., T. Lindborg, G. Sohlenius, N. Reuss, J. Olsen, and H. Laudon. 2016. The importance of eolian input on lake-sediment geochemical composition in the dry proglacial landscape of western Greenland. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 48 (1):93–109. doi:https://doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0015-009.
- Sampei, Y., and E. Matsumoto. 2001. C/N ratios in a sediment core from Nakaumi Lagoon, southwest Japan: Usefulness as an organic source indicator. Geochemical Journal 35:189–205. doi:https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.35.189.
- Schwietzke, S., O. A. Sherwood, L. M. Bruhwiler, J. B. Miller, G. Etiope, E. J. Dlugokencky, S. E. Michel, V. A. Arling, B. H. Vaughn, J. W. White, et al. 2016. Upward revision of global fossil fuel methane emissions based on isotope database. Nature 538 (7623):88–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nature19797.
- Sobek, S., N. J. Anderson, S. M. Bernasconi, and T. Del Sontro. 2014. Low organic carbon burial efficiency in the arctic lake sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeochemistry 119 (6):1231–43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JG002612.
- Syväranta, J., H. Hämäläinen, and R. I. Jones. 2006. Within-lake variability in carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures. Freshwater Biology 51 (6):1090–102. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01557.x.
- Turetsky, M. R. 2003. The role of bryophytes in carbon and nitrogen cycling. The Bryologist 106 (3):395–409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1639/05.
- UNEP/GRID-Arendal. 2006. Arctic vegetation zones Arendal, Norway Accessed July 10, 2015. http://www.grida.no/graphicslib/detail/arctic-vegetation-zones_b1d3#.
- Wetzel, R. G. 2001. Limnology, Lake and River Ecosystems. Academic Press. USA.
- Wik, M., R. K. Varner, K. W. Anthony, S. MacIntyre, and D. Bastviken. 2016. Climate-sensitive northern lakes and ponds are critical components of methane release. Nature Geoscience 9:99–105. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2578.
- Willemse, N. W., O. van Dam, P. van Helvoort, R. Dankers, M. Brommer, J. Schokker, T. E. Valstar, and H. de Wolf. 2004. Physical and chemical limnology of a subsaline athalassic lake in West Greenland. Hydrobiologia 524:167–92. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000036132.96154.01.