1,621
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Population density of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in the Yage Valley Region of the Sanjiangyuan National Park: Conservation implications and future directions

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 541-550 | Received 12 May 2020, Accepted 25 Aug 2020, Published online: 13 Oct 2020

References

  • Adobe Systems Incorporated. 2010. Adobe Photoshop CS6 Extended. San Jose, CA.
  • Anwar, M. B., R. Jackson, M. S. Nadeem, J. E. Janečka, S. Hussain, M. A. Beg, G. Muhammad, and M. Qayyum. 2011. Food habits of the snow leopard Panthera uncia (Schreber, 1775) in Baltistan, Northern Pakistan. European Journal of Wildlife Research 57 (5):1077–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-011-0521-2.
  • Aryal, A., D. Brunton, W. Ji, D. Karmacharya, T. McCarthy, R. Bencini, and D. Raubenheimer. 2014. Multipronged strategy including genetic analysis for assessing conservation options for the snow leopard in the central Himalaya. Journal of Mammalogy 95 (4):871–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1644/13-MAMM-A-243.
  • Aryal, A., D. Brunton, W. Ji, and D. Raubenheimer. 2014. Blue sheep in the Annapurna Conservation Area, Nepal: Habitat use, population biomass and their contribution to the carrying capacity of snow leopards. Integrative Zoology 9 (1):34–45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1749-4877.12004.
  • Bagchi, S., and C. Mishra. 2006. Living with large carnivores: Predation on livestock by the snow leopard (Uncia uncia). Journal of Zoology 268 (3):217–24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.2005.00030.x.
  • Burton, A. C., E. Neilson, D. Moreira, A. Ladle, R. Steenweg, J. T. Fisher, E. Bayne, S. Boutin, and P. Stephens. 2015. REVIEW: Wildlife camera trapping: A review and recommendations for linking surveys to ecological processes. Journal of Applied Ecology 52 (3):675–85. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12432.
  • Clare, J. D. J., E. M. Anderson, and D. M. MacFarland. 2015. Predicting bobcat abundance at a landscape scale and evaluating occupancy as a density index in central Wisconsin. The Journal of Wildlife Management 79 (3):469–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.844.
  • Convery, I., A. Baibagysov, K. Baiturbayev, V. B. Deecke, D. Harpley, C. Holt, A. D. Janyspayev, O. T. Nevin, S. Nurtazin, D. J. Smith, et al. 2015. Fuzzy logic modelling of Snow leopard populations in response to threats from climate change. Ambleside, UK: Centre for Wildlife Conservation, University of Cumbria.
  • Esri Incorporated. 2012. ArcGIS Desktop 10.1. Redlands, CA.
  • Forrest, J. L., E. Wikramanayake, R. Shrestha, G. Areendran, K. Gyeltshen, A. Maheshwari, S. Mazumdar, R. Naidoo, G. J. Thapa, and K. Thapa. 2012. Conservation and climate change: Assessing the vulnerability of snow leopard habitat to treeline shift in the Himalaya. Biological Conservation 150 (1):129–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.03.001.
  • Fox, J. L., and R. M. Jackson. 2002. Blue sheep and snow leopards in Bhutan and trans-Himalayan Nepal: Recent status evaluations and their application to research and conservation. In Contributed papers to the snow leopard survival summit, ed. T. M. McCarthy and J. Weltzin, 66. Seattle, Washington: International Snow Leopard Trust.
  • Green, M. J. B. 1982. Status, distribution and conservation of the snow leopard in northern India. In International pedigree book of snow leopards, Panthera uncia, ed. L. Blomqvuist, 6–10. Helsinki, Finland: Helsinki Zoo.
  • Gupta, R., D. Vijayan, T. Prasad, P. Raval, K. Bhatt, and V. Raval. 2004. Remote sensing as characterizing and monitoring tool for Asiatic Lion habitat. In 35th COSPAR scientific assembly, ed. J.-P. Paillé, 182. Paris, France: ESA.
  • Heilbrun, R. D., N. J. Silvy, M. E. Tewes, and M. J. Peterson. 2003. Using automatically triggered cameras to individually identify bobcats. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31 (3):748–55.
  • International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2014. IUCN red list of threatened species (Version 2014), 3. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.
  • Jackson, R., and D. O. Hunter. 1996. Snow leopard survey and conservation handbook. Seattle, USA: International Snow Leopard Trust.
  • Jackson, R., and G. Ahlborn. 1989. Snow leopards (Panthera uncia) in Nepal: Home range and movements. National Geographic Research 5 (2):161–75.
  • Jackson, R., J. D. Roe, R. Wangchuk, and D. O. Hunter. 2006. Estimating snow leopard population abundance using photography and capture-recapture techniques. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34 (3):772–81. doi:https://doi.org/10.2193/0091-7648(2006)34[772:ESLPAU]2.0.CO;2.
  • Jackson, R., and J. L. Fox. 1997. Snow leopard conservation: Accomplishments and research priorities. In Proceedings of the 8th International Snow Leopard Symposium, conference proceedings, ed. R. Jackson and A. Ahmad, 128–45. Islamabad, Pakistan.
  • Jacques, C. N., R. W. Klaver, T. C. Swearingen, E. D. Davis, C. R. Anderson, J. A. Jenks, C. S. Deperno, and R. D. Bluett. 2019. Estimating density and detection of bobcats in fragmented midwestern landscapes using spatial capture–recapture data from camera traps. Wildlife Society Bulletin 43 (2):256–64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.968.
  • Johansson, Ö., T. McCarthy, G. Samelius, H. Andrén, L. Tumursukh, and C. Mishra. 2015. Snow leopard predation in a livestock dominated landscape in Mongolia. Biological Conservation 184:251–58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.02.003.
  • Keeping, D., and R. Pelletier. 2014. Animal density and track counts: Understanding the nature of observations based on animal movements. PLoS ONE 9 (5):e96598. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096598.
  • Koshkarev, E. P. 1989. The snow leopard in Kirgizia. Frunze: Ilim Publishers.
  • Leslie, D. M. 2010. Procapra picticaudata (Artiodactyla: Bovidae). Mammalian Species 42 (1):138–48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1644/861.1.
  • Li, J., G. B. Schaller, T. M. McCarthy, D. J. Wang, Z. Jiagong, P. Cai, L. Basang, and Z. Lu. 2013. A communal sign post of snow leopards (Panthera uncia) and other species on the Tibetan Plateau, China. International Journal of Biodiversity 2013:1–8.
  • Liao, Y. F. 1985. The geographical distribution of ounces in Qinghai Province. Acta Theriologica Sinica 5:183–88.
  • Lyngdoh, S., S. Shrotriya, S. P. Goyal, H. Clements, M. W. Hayward, and B. Habib. 2014. Prey preferences of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia): Regional diet specificity holds global significance for conservation. PLoS ONE 9 (2):e88349. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0088349.
  • Mallon, D., and N. Bayar. 2004. Field trip and training workshops July-September 2002, Cambridge, UK.
  • McCarthy, T. M., and G. Chapron. 2003. Snow leopard survival strategy. Seattle, WA: International Snow Leopard Trust and Snow Leopard Network.
  • Nyaupane, G. P., and D. J. Timothy. 2010. Power, regionalism and tourism policy in Bhutan. Annals of Tourism Research 37 (4):969–88. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2010.03.006.
  • O’Connell, A. F., J. D. Nichols, and K. U. Karanth. 2011. Camera traps in animal ecology: Methods and analyses. New York City, NY: Springer.
  • Ojalammi, S., and N. Blomley. 2015. Dancing with wolves: Making legal territory in a more-than-human world. Geoforum 62:51–60.
  • Oksana, V. K. 2010. Automated digital individual identification system with an application to the northern leopard frog Lithobates pipiens. Pocatello: College of Engineering, Idaho State University.
  • Rovero, F., and A. R. Marshall. 2009. Camera trapping photographic rate as an index of density in forest ungulates. Journal of Applied Ecology 46 (5):1011–17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01705.x.
  • Schaller, G. B. 1998. Wildlife of the Tibetan steppe. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Schaller, G. B., J. Tserendeleg, and G. Amarsanaa. 1994. Observations on snow leopards in Mongolia. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Snow Leopard Symposium, ed. J. Fox and D. Jizeng. Xining, Qinghai.
  • Schaller, G. B., J. R. Ren, and M. J. Qiu. 1988. Status of the snow leopard Panthera uncia in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China. Biological Conservation 45 (3):179–94. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(88)90138-3.
  • Schaller, G. B., L. Hong, R. Junrang, and Q. Mingjiang. 1988. The snow leopard in Xinjiang, China. Oryx 22 (4):197–204. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605300022328.
  • Sharma, R. K., Y. V. Bhatnagar, and C. Mishra. 2015. Does livestock benefit or harm snow leopards? Biological Conservation 190:8–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.026.
  • St-Louis, A., and S. D. Côté. 2009. Equus kiang (Perissodactyla: Equidae). Mammalian Species 835:1–11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1644/835.1.
  • Suryawanshi, K. R., Y. V. Bhatnagar, S. Redpath, and C. Mishra. 2013. People, predators and perceptions: Patterns of livestock depredation by snow leopards and wolves. Journal of Applied Ecology 50 (3):550–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12061.
  • Tang, Y., J. Wang, L. Y. Zhang, X. L. Wang, and Y. J. Wang. 2014. Investigation of plants and vegetation in the Yage Valley. Unpublished report. Greenriver Environmental Protection Promotion Association of Sichuan.
  • Yi, S. C., H. Y. Long, X. F. Li, and Y. F. Lu. 2007. Study on the development and utilization of hydropower resources in the Tongtian River, Qinghai Province. Yangtze River 38 (11):137–38.