Intersectionality, Stereotypes of African American Men, and Redressing Bias in the Public Affairs Classroom

References

• Adams, L. R. (n.d.). Media scapegoat: A feminist reclaiming of hip hop. Retrieved from https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/8723/Lisa%20Adams%20Media%20Scapegoat.doc?sequence=2.
   Google Scholar
• Alvarez, L. & Buckley, B. (2013, July 13). Zimmernan is acquitted in Trayvon Martin killing. The New York Times, A1. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/14/us/georgezimmerman-verdict-trayvon-martin.html?_r=0.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, G., Daugherty, M. A., Eleanor, J. B., & Corrigan, D. M. (2005). The search for critical mass of minority students: Affirmative action and diversity at highly selective universities and colleges. The Good Society, 14(3), 51–57.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson, M. L., & Collins, P. H. (2004). Race, class, and gender. Boston, MA: Thomson/Wadsworth.
   Google Scholar
• Antonio, A. L., Chang, M. J., Hakuta, K., Kenny, D., Levin, S., & Milem, M. I. (2004). Effects of racial diversity on complex thinking in college students. Psychological Science, 15(8), 507–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronson, J., & Inzlicht, M. (2004). The ups and downs of attributional ambiguity. Psychological Science, 15(12), 829–836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aronson, J., & Steele, C. M. (2005). Sterotypes and the fragility of adademic competence, motivation and self concept. In A. J. Elliot, & C. Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 436–456). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Beichner, R. J. (2006). Instructional technology research and development in a U. S. physics education group. European Journal of Engineering Education, 31(4), 383–393.
   Google Scholar
• Blum, L. (1998). Can we talk?: Interracial dialogue in the classroom. Change, 30(6), 26–37.
   Google Scholar
• Borrego, E., & Johnson, R., III. (2011). Cultural competence for public managers: Managing diversity in today’s world. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Brookfield, S. D., & Preskill, S. (1999). Discussion as a way of teaching: Tools and techniques for democratic classrooms. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
   Google Scholar
• Crenshaw, K. W. (1989). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. In J. James & T. D. Sharpley-Whiting (Eds.), The Black Feminist Reader (pp. 208–238). Malden, MA: Wiley Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Fayol, H. (1949). General and industrial management (C. Storrs, Trans.). London, UK: Pitman.
   Google Scholar
• Flatow, N. (2013, April 11). More than one-third of black male students are suspended from secondary schools [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2013/04/11/1852671/more-than-one-third-of-black-male-students-aresuspended-from-secondary-schools/.
   Google Scholar
• Frederickson, H. G. (2010). Social equity and public adminstration: Origins, developments and applications. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp.
   Google Scholar
• Gardiner, M. (1996). Alterity and ethics: A dialogical perspective. Theory, Culture and Society, 13(2), 121–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson, R., & Zillmann, D. (1994). Exaggerated versus representative exemplification in news reports: Perception of issues and personal consequences. Communication Research, 21(5), 603–624.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glaser, M., Hildreth, W., McGuire, B. J., & Bannon, C. (2011). Frederickson’s social equity agenda applied: Public support and willingness to pay. Public Integrity, 14(1), 19–37.
   Google Scholar
• Gonzales, L. D. (2014). Framing faculty agency inside striving universities: An application of Bourdieu’s theory of practice. The Journal of Higher Education, 85(2), 193–218.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gudeman, R. H. (2000). College missions, faculty teaching, and student outcomes in a context of low diversity. In American Council on Education and American Association of University Professors (Eds.) Does diversity matter? Three research studies on diversity in college classrooms (pp. 37–60). Washington, DC: American Council on Education and American Association of University Professors.
   Google Scholar
• Ibarra, R. A. (2001). Beyond affirmative action: Reframing the context of higher education. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson, L. (2008). Dialogic pedagogy for social justice: A critical examination. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 27(2–3), 137–148.
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins, T. (Producer/Director). (2013). Pull your pants up!! A documentary [Motion picture]. USA: Food for Thought. Retrieved from http://www.pullyourpantsup.info.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. G., III. (2009). Still invisible: The African American gay male experience in the 21st century. In R. G. Johnson III (Ed.), The queer community: Continuing the struggle for social justice (pp. 155–173). San Diego, CA: Birkdale.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. G., III. (2012). Promoting social equity in public administration: A much needed topic in the 21st century. Public Administration Review, 72(3), 471–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson, R. G., III, & Rivera, M. A. (2007). Refocusing graduate public affairs education: A need for diversity cometencies in resource management. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 13(1), 15–27.
   Google Scholar
• Keiner, L. E., & Burns, T. E. (2010). Interactive engagement: How much is enough? The Physics Teacher, 48(2), 108–111.
   Google Scholar
• Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Larson, L. L., & Schermerhorn, J. R., Jr. (1989). Alternative instructor roles in cross-cultural business and management traning. Journal of Teaching in International Business, 1(1), 7–21.
   Google Scholar
• Leistyna, P., & Mollen, D. (2008). Teaching social class through alternative media and by dialoging across disciplines and boundaries. Radical Teacher, 81(1), 20–27.
   Google Scholar
• Little, P., & Marx, M. (2002). Teaching about heterosexism and creating and empathic experience of homophobia. Journal of Lesbian Studies, 6 (3–4), 205–218.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McCall, L. (2005). The complexity of intersectionality. Signs, 30(3), 1771–1800.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milovanovic, D. (1995). Dueling paradigms: Modernist vs. postmodern thought. Humanity and Society, 19(1), 1–22.
   Google Scholar
• Norman-Major, K. (2011). Balancing the four Es: Or can we achieve equity for social equity in public administration? Journal of Public Affairs Education, 17(2), 233–252.
   Google Scholar
• Oldfield, K., Candler, G. G., & Johnson, R. G., III. (2006). Social class, sexual orientation, and shaping an new agenda for social equity policy. American Review of Public Administration, 36(2), 156–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Organista, P. B., Marin, G., & Chun, K. M. (2010). The psychology of ethnic groups in the United States. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
   Google Scholar
• Pettit, P. (1989). Consequentialism and respect for persons. Ethics, 100(1), 116–126.
   Google Scholar
• Pew Hispanic Center. (2008). Pew Hispanic Center tabulations of 2000 Census and 2005 American Community Survey. Washington, DC: Pew Hispanic Center.
   Google Scholar
• Rawls, J. (1999). A Theory of Justice (rev. ed., p. 5). Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, M. F. (2007). Promoting cultural competency in public administration and public service delivery: Utilizing self-assessment tools and performance measures. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 13(1), 41–57.
   Google Scholar
• Rice, M. F. (2010). Teaching public administration in the postmodern era: Connecting organizational culture to diversity to social equity. In M. F. Rice (Ed.), Diversity in public administration: Theory, issues, and perspectives (pp. 120–139). Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharp.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera, M. A., Johnson, R. G., III, & Kodaseet, G. (2012). A dialogic model of cultural competency in the graduate classroom. In K. Norman-Major, & S. Gooden (Eds.), Cultural competency for public administrators (pp. 276–293). New York, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
   Google Scholar
• Rivera, M. A., Johnson, R. G., III, & Ward, J. D. (2010). The ethics of pedagogical innovation in diversity and cultural competency education. The Innovation Journal, 15(2), 1–18.
   Google Scholar
• Rockquemore, K. A., & Brunsma, D. L. (2002). Socially embedded identities: Theories, typologies, and processes of racial identity among black/white biracials. Sociological Quarterly, 43(3), 335–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers, M. R., & Molina, L. E. (2006). Exemplary efforts in psychology to recruit and retain graduate students of color. American Psychologist, 61(2), 143–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart, A. J., & McDermott, C. (2004). Gender in psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 519–544.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Texeira, E. (2006, July 1). Black men quietly combating sterotypes. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/01/AR2006070100462.html.
   Google Scholar
• Trower, C. (2003). Leveling the field. The Academic Workplace, 14(2). Retrieved from http://www.hercjobs.org/metro_ny_southern_ct/_template_assets/docs/NERCHE.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Turner, C. (2002). Women of color in academe: Living with multiple marginality. The Journal of Higer Education, 73(1), 74–93.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wooldridge, B., & Gooden, S. (2009). The epic of social equity: Evolution, essence, and emergence. Administrative Theory and Praxis, 31(2), 222–234.
   Google Scholar
• Yuval-Davis, N. (2006). Intersectionality and feminist politics. European Journal of Women’s Studies, 13(3), 193–209.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar