Harder governance built on soft foundations: experience from OECD peer reviews

References

• Aldy, J. E. (2014). The crucial role of policy surveillance in international climate policy. Climatic Change, 126(3–4), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-014-1238-5
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arensman, B., & van Wessel, M. (2018). Negotiating effectiveness in transnational advocacy evaluation. Evaluation, 24(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389017733210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armingeon, K. (2003). OECD and national welfare state development. In K. Armingeon & M. Beyeler (Eds.), The OECD and European welfare states (pp. 226–241). Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Carraro, V., Conzelmann, T., & Jongen, H. (2018). Beyond the carrot and the stick – the authority of peer reviews in global governance . Unpublished manuscript.
   Google Scholar
• Chayes, A., Chayes, A. H., & Mitchell, R. B. (1998). Managing compliance: A comparative perspective. In E. B. Weiss & H. Jacobson (Eds.), Engaging countries: Compliance with international environmental accords (pp. 39–62). MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• de la Porte, C., & Stiller, S. (2020). Lessons about the ‘harder’ elements of OMC governance for the EU energy Union. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dostal, J. M. (2004). Campaigning on expertise: How the OECD framed EU welfare and labour market policies – and why success could trigger failure. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(3), 440–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760410001694255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EEA. (2005). The European environment – state and outlook. European Environment Agency.
   Google Scholar
• Gambetta, D. (1998). “Claro!” An Essay on Discursive Machismo. In: Elster, J. (Ed.), Deliberative Democracy (pp. 19–43). Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gass, R. (2003, March). The battle for world progress: A strategic role for the OECD. OECD Observer 236, 29–31.
   Google Scholar
• Groenendijk, N. (2011). EU and OECD benchmarking and peer review compared. In F. Laursen (Ed.), The EU and federalism: Polities and policies compared (pp. 181–202). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Guilmette, J.-H. (2007). The power of peer learning: Networks and development cooperation. Academic Foundation.
   Google Scholar
• Haas, P. M. (1992). Introduction: Epistemic communities and international policy co-ordination. International Organization, 46(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300001442
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Højlund, S. (2015). Evaluation in the European Commission. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 1(1), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1867299X00004268
   Google Scholar
• IEA. (2010). Role of in-depth reviews (IDRS) (note by the secretariat). IEA/SLT(2010)12 for official use.
   Google Scholar
• IEA. (2019). Energy policies of IEA countries, Estonia 2019 review.
   Google Scholar
• Julin, J. (2003, December). The OECD: Securing the future. OECD Observer 240/241.
   Google Scholar
• Knodt, M., Ringel, M., & Müller, R. (2020). Variations of “harder” soft governance in European energy policy. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knodt, M., & Schoenefeld, J. J. (2020). Harder soft governance in European climate and energy policy: Following a new trend? [SI Introduction]. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning.
   Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2005a). Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development: Influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics. U.F.R. Des Sciences Sociales et des Humanités. Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines. 335 p.
   Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2005b). OECD environmental performance review programme: Accountability (f)or learning? Evaluation, 11(2), 169–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389005055536
   Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2006). Deliberative democracy, participation, and OECD peer reviews of environmental policies. American Journal of Evaluation, 27(2), 185–200. https://doi.org/10.1177/0198214006288283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2007). Environmental policy integration through the OECD peer reviews: Integrating economy to the environment or the environment to the economy? Environmental Politics, 16(1), 15–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010601073432
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2008). Mainstreaming sustainable development in the OECD through indicators and peer reviews. Sustainable Development, 16(3), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.378
   Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2009a). OECD organisational discourse, peer reviews and sustainable development: An ecological-institutionalist perspective. Ecological Economics, 69(2), 389–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.08.013
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehtonen, M. (2009b). OECD peer reviews and policy convergence: Diffusing policies or discourses? In F. Biermann, A. Schreyögg, & B. Siebenhühner (Eds.), International organizations and global environmental governance (pp. 71–90). Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• López-Santana, M. (2006). The domestic implications of European soft law: Framing and transmitting change in employment policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 13(4), 481–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760600693853
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mahon, R., & McBride, S. (2008). The OECD and transnational governance. UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mahon, R., & McBride, S. (2009). Standardizing and disseminating knowledge: The role of the OECD in global governance. European Political Science Review, 1(1), 83–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773909000058
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marcussen, M. (2003). Multilateral surveillance and the OECD: Playing the idea game. In K. Armingeon & M. Beyeler (Eds.), The OECD and European welfare states (pp. 13–31). Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Marcussen, M., & Trondal, J. (2011). The OECD civil servant: Caught between Scylla and Charybdis. Review of International Political Economy, 18(5), 592–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2011.603665
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. (1998). OECD environmental performance reviews: Second cycle work plan (EPOC Document ENV/EPOC (98)21).
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2003). Peer review: An OECD tool for co-operation and change. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2018). Environmental performance reviews. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (2019). Secretary-general’s report to ministers 2019. https://issuu.com/oecd.publishing/docs/sgr19__en-web-2_
   Google Scholar
• Pagani, F., & Wellen, U. (2008). The OECD peer review mechanism: Concept and function. In K. Tanaka (Ed.), Shaping policy reform and peer review in Southeast Asia: Integrating economies amid diversity (pp. 261–277). OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, T., & Webb, M. (2008). Role of the OECD in the orchestration of global knowledge networks. In R. Mahon & M. Stephen (Eds.), The OECD and transnational governance (pp. 43–59). UBC Press.
   Google Scholar
• Radaelli, C. (2000). Discourse and institutional change: The case of Italy in the Euro-Zone (Queen's Paper on Europeanisation No 5/2000).
   Google Scholar
• Ringel, M., & Knodt, M. (2018). The governance of the European energy union: Efficiency, effectiveness and acceptance of the winter package 2016. Energy Policy, 112, 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.09.047
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenefeld, J. J., & Jordan, A. J. (2019). Environmental policy evaluation in the EU: Between learning, accountability, and political opportunities? Environmental Politics, 28(2), 365–384. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2019.1549782
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenefeld, J. J., & Jordan, A. J. (in press). Towards harder soft governance? Monitoring climate policy in the EU. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoenefeld, J. J., & Knodt, M. (2020). Softening the surface, but hardening the core? Governing renewables in the EU. West European Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2020.1761732
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharman, J. C. (2005, March 1–5). OECD reputation as OECD effectiveness [Paper presentation]. International Studies Association Meeting, Honolulu, HI, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Taut, S., & Brauns, D. (2003). Resistance to evaluation: A psychological perspective. Evaluation, 9(3), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/13563890030093002
   Google Scholar
• Thygesen, N. (2008). Comparative aspects of peer review: OECD, IMF, and the European Union. In K. Tanaka (Ed.), Shaping policy reform and peer review in Southeast Asia: Integrating economies amid diversity (pp. 135–148). OECD.
   Google Scholar
• Trubek, D. M., & Trubek, L. G. (2005). Hard and soft law in the construction of social Europe: The role of the open method of co-ordination. European Law Journal, 11(3), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2005.00263.x
   Google Scholar
• Van de Graaf, T., & Lesage, D. (2009). The international energy agency after 35 years: Reform needs and institutional adaptability. Review of International Organizations, 4(3), 293–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-009-9063-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodward, R. (2009). The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Routledge.
   Google Scholar