The Clitoris: Anatomical and Psychological Issues

References

• Apollodorus. (1921). The Library, trans. J. Frazer. New York, NY: Putnam.
   Google Scholar
• Aziz, F. (1980). Gynecologic and obstetric complications of female circumcision. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 17, 560–563.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Balsam, R. (2003). The vanished pregnant body. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 51, 1153–1179.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bass, A. (1994). Aspects of urethrality in women. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 63, 491–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basseches, H. (1996). Hearing what cannot be seen: A psychoanalytic research group’s inquiry into female sexuality. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 44S, 511–528.
   Google Scholar
• Benjamin, J. (1988). The Bonds of Love. New York, NY: Pantheon.
   Google Scholar
• Bertin, C. (1982). Marie Bonaparte. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.
   Google Scholar
• Blechner, M. (2009). Sex Changes: Transformations in Society and Psychoanalysis. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Blechner, M.. (2010). The darkest continent. Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 11, 146–150.
   Google Scholar
• Blechner, M.. (in press). Data, dreams, and drives: Interpersonal and relational innovations in perspective. Psychoanalytic Dialogues.
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte, M. (1924, April 27). Considérations sur les causes anatomiques de la frigidité chez la femme [Consideration of the anatomical causes of female frigidity]. Bruxelles-Médical, pp. 768–778. (Published under the pseudonym A. E. Narjani.)
   Google Scholar
• Bonaparte, M.. (1933). Les deux frigidités de la femme [The two female frigidities]. Bulletin de la Société de Sexologie, 5, 161–170.
   Google Scholar
• Boston Women’s Health Book Collective. (1971). Our Bodies, Ourselves. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
   Google Scholar
• Di Marino, V. & Lepidi, H. (2014). Anatomic Study of the Clitoris and the Bulbo-Clitoral Organ. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Elise, D. (2008). Sex and shame: The inhibition of female desires. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 56, 73–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Freud, S. (1893). Charcot. Standard Edition, 3. London, UK: Hogarth Press, pp. 7–23.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S.. (1900). The interpretation of dreams. Standard Edition, 4 & 5. London, UK: Hogarth Press.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S.. (1905). Three essays on the theory of sexuality. Standard Edition, 7. London, UK: Hogarth Press, pp. 134–243.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S.. (1916). Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis. Standard Edition, 15. London, UK: Hogarth Press, pp. 1–240.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S.. (1926). The question of lay analysis. Standard Edition, 20. London, UK: Hogarth Press, pp. 182–258.
   Google Scholar
• Freud, S.. (1931). Female sexuality. Standard Edition, 21. London, UK: Hogarth Press, pp. 225–243.
   Google Scholar
• Goldberger, M. (1989). On the analysis of defenses in dreams. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 58, 396–417.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goss, C., ed. (1948). Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Fabiger.
   Google Scholar
• Gräfenberg, E. (1950). The role of the urethra in female orgasm. International Journal of Sexology, 3, 145–148.
   Google Scholar
• Gray, H. (1901). Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical. Philadelphia, PA: Lea Bros.
   Google Scholar
• Greenacre, P. (1964). A study on the nature of inspiration – Part 1. Some special considerations regarding the phallic phase. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 12, 6–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groddeck, G. (1923). Das Buch vom Es [The book of the it]. London, UK: Vision Press, 1950.
   Google Scholar
• Horney, K. (1926). The flight from womanhood: The masculinity-complex in women, as viewed by men and by women. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 7, 324–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horney, K.. (1933). The denial of the vagina: A contribution to the problem of the genital anxieties specific to women. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 14, 57–70.
   Google Scholar
• Irigaray, L. (1980). When our lips speak together. Signs, 6, 69–79.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, E. (1927). The mantle symbol. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 8, 63–65.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, E. (1974). An aspect of female frigidity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 22, 116–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kant, I. (1781). Critique of Pure Reason, trans. P. Guyer & A. Wood. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kelly, E. & Hillard, P. (2005). Female genital mutilation. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 17, 490–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kittay, E. (1995). Mastering envy: From Freud’s narcissistic wounds to Bettelheim’s symbolic wounds to a vision of healing. Psychoanalytic Review, 82, 125–158.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kobelt, G. (1844). Die männliche und weibliche Wollustorgane der Menschen und einiger Säugethiere in anatomische-physiologische Beziehung [The male and female sex organs in humans and some mammals in their anatomic-physiological relation]. Freiburg im Bresgau: Adolph Emmerling.
   Google Scholar
• Kobelt, G.. (1978). The female sex organs in humans and some mammals. In: The Classic Clitoris: Historic Contributions to Scientific Sexuality, ed. T. P. Lowry. Chicago, IL: Nelson-Hall, pp. 19–56.
   Google Scholar
• Komisaruk, B., Whipple, B., Nasserzadeh, S., & Beyer-Flores, C. (2010). The Orgasm Answer Guide. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kulish, N. (1991). The mental representation of the clitoris: The fear of female sexuality. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 11, 511–536.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladas, A., Whipple, B., & Perry, J. D. (1982). The G Spot and Other Discoveries about Human Sexuality. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
   Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
   Google Scholar
• Landis, C., Landis, A., & Bowles, M. (1940). Sex in Development. New York, NY: P. B. Hoeber.
   Google Scholar
• Laqueur, T. (1990). Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Lerner, H. (1976). Parental mislabeling of female genitals as a determinant of penis envy and learning inhibitions in women. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 24S, 269–287.
   Google Scholar
• Lightfoot-Klein, H. (1989). Prisoners of Ritual: An Odyssey into Female Genital Circumcision in Africa. New York, NY: Harrington Park Press.
   Google Scholar
• Long, K. (2005). The changing language of female development. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 53, 1161–1174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mack-Brunswick, R. (1929). The analysis of a case of paranoia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases, 70, 1–22, 155–178.
   Google Scholar
• Marmor, J. (2004). Changing patterns of femininity: Psychoanalytic implications. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis, 32, 7–20.
   Google Scholar
• Mascall, S. (2006). Time for rethink on the clitoris. BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5013866.stm
   Google Scholar
• McWilliams, N. (2003). The educative aspects of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 20, 245–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore, L. & Clarke, A. (1995). Clitoral conventions and transgressions: Graphic representations in anatomy texts, c1900-1991. Feminist Studies, 21, 255–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morin, J. (1986). Anal Pleasure and Health: A Guide for Men and Women. Burlingame, CA: Down There Press.
   Google Scholar
• Morin, J.. (1998). Clinical aspects of anal sexuality. Presented at the joint conference of the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality and the American Association of Sex Educators, Counselors, and Therapists, November, Los Angeles, CA. Retrieved from http://www.sexuality.org/morin98.html
   Google Scholar
• O’Connell, H., Eizenberg, N., Rahman, M., & Cleeve, J. (2008). The anatomy of the distal vagina: Towards unity. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5,1883–1891.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Connell, H. Sanjeevan, K., & Hutson, J. (2005). Anatomy of the clitoris. The Journal of Urology, 174, 1189–1195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Person, E. (1983). The influence of values in psychoanalysis: The case of female psychology. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 3, 623–646.
   Google Scholar
• Rednour, S. & Strano, J. (1998). Bend Over Boyfriend. S.I.R. Video Productions.
   Google Scholar
• Reese, E. (2013). The Vagina: A Literary and Cultural History. New York, NY: Bloomsbury.
   Google Scholar
• Rycroft, C. (1960). The analysis of a paranoid personality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 41, 59–69.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saadawi, N. el, (2007). The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World, 2nd ed. London, UK: Zed Books.
   Google Scholar
• Samuels, A. (1980). Incest and omnipotence in the internal family. Journal of Analytic Psychology, 25, 37–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiller, B. (2012). Representing female desire within a labial framework of sexuality. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 60, 1161–1197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segraves, T. & Althof, (2002). Psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for sexual dysfunctions. In: A Guide to Treatments that Work, eds. P. Nathan & J. Gorman. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 497–524.
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro, S. (2002). The history of feminism and interpersonal psychoanalysis. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 38, 213–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherfey, M. J. (1966). The evolution and nature of female sexuality in relation to psychoanalytic theory. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 14, 28–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sherfey, M. J.. (1972). The Nature and Evolution of Female Sexuality. New York, NY: Random House.
   Google Scholar
• Stoller, R. (1976). Primary femininity. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 24, 59–78.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vesalius, A. (1564). Observationum anatomicarum Gabrielis Fallopii examen. Venice: Francesco de’Franceschi da Siena.
   Google Scholar
• Wallen, K. & Lloyd, E. (2011). Female sexual arousal: Genital anatomy and orgasm in intercourse. Hormones and Behavior, 59, 780–792.
   Google Scholar
• Whipple, B. (2000). Ernst Gräfenberg: From Berlin to New York. Scandinavian Journal of Sexology, 3, 43–49.
   Google Scholar
• Williamson, S. & Nowak, R. (1998, August 1). The truth about women. New Scientist. Retrieved from http://www.cirp.org/news/clitoris/
   Google Scholar
• Yucel, S., de Souza, A., Jr., & Baskin, L. (2004). Neuroanatomy of the human female lower urogenital tract. Journal of Urology, 172, 191–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar