Maternal Behavior Modifications during Pretense and Their Long-Term Effects on Toddlers’ Understanding of Pretense

REFERENCES

• Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Arakawa, A. & Suzuki, N. (2004). Shigusa to kanjyo no kankei no tansakuteki kenkyu [Hand movements and feeling]. Japanese Journal of Research on Emotions, 10, 56–64. doi:10.4092/jsre.10.56 (in Japanese with English abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Aronson, J. N. & Golomb, C. (1999). Preschoolers’ understanding of pretense and presumption of congruity between action and representation. Developmental Psychology, 35, 1414–1425. doi:10.1037//0012-1649.35.6.1414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asao, T. (1996). Fantasy to genjitu [Fantasy and reality]. Tokyo, Japan: Kaneko Shobou.
   Google Scholar
• Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an ecology of mind. New York, NY: Ballentine.
   Google Scholar
• Bornstein, M. H., Haynes, O. M., Legler, J. M., O'Reilly, A. W. & Painter, K. M. (1997). Symbolic play in childhood: Interpersonal and environmental context and stability. Infant Behavior & Development, 20, 197–207. doi:10.1016/S0163-6383(97)90022-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornstein, M. H., Tal, J., Rahn, C., Galperín, C. Z., Pêcheux, M.-G., Lamour, M. & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (1992). Functional analysis of the contents of maternal speech to infants of 5 and 13 months in four cultures: Argentina, France, Japan, and the United States. Developmental Psychology, 28, 593–603. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.4.593
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosco, F. M., Friedman, O. & Leslie, A. M. (2006). Recognition of pretend and real actions in play by 1- and 2-year-olds: Early success and why they fail. Cognitive Development, 21, 3–10. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2005.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, R. J., Baldwin, D. A. & Ashburn, L. A. (2002). Evidence for ‘motionese': Modifications in mothers’ infant-directed action. Developmental Science, 5, 72–83. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00211
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brand, R. J. & Shallcross, W. L. (2008). Infants prefer motionese to adult-directed action. Developmental Science, 11, 853–861. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00734.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Csibra, G. & Gergely, G. (2009). Natural pedagogy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13, 148–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis, D. L., Woolley, J. D. & Bruell, M. J. (2002). Young children's understanding of the roles of knowledge and thinking in pretense. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 20, 25–45. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.01.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farver, J. & Howes, C. (1993). Cultural differences in American and Mexican mother–child pretend play. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 39, 344–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenson, L. & Ramsay, D. S. (1981). Effects on modeling action sequences on the play of twelve-, fifteen-, and nineteen-month-old children. Child Development, 52, 1028–1036. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1981.tb03145.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernald, A. & Morikawa, H. (1993). Common themes and cultural variations in Japanese and American mothers’ speech to infants. Child Development, 64, 637–656. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02933.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaskins, S., Haight, W. & Lancy, D. F. (2006). The cultural construction of play. In A. Göncü & S. Gaskins (Eds.), Play and development: Evolutionary, sociocultural, and functional perspectives (pp. 179–202). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Gelman, S. A. (2009). Learning from others: Children's construction of concepts. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 115–140. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göncü, A., Mistry, J. & Mosier, C. (2000). Cultural variations in the play of toddlers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24, 321–329. doi:10.1080/01650250050118303
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gopnik, A. & Slaughter, V. (1991). Young children's understanding of changes in their mental states. Child Development, 62, 98–110. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1991.tb01517.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haight, W. L. & Miller, P. J. (1993). Pretending at home. Albany, NY: Suny Press.
   Google Scholar
• Haight, W. L., Wang, X. L., Fung, H. H., Williams, K. & Mintz, J. (1999). Universal, developmental, and variable aspects of young children's play: A cross-cultural comparison of pretending at home. Child Development, 70, 1477–1488. doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00107
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P. L. (1994). Understanding pretense. In C. Lewis & P. Mitchell (Eds.), Children's early understanding of mind: Origins and development (pp. 235–259). Hove, UK: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Harris, P. L. & Kavanaugh, R. D. (1993). Young children's understanding of pretense. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 58 (1, Serial No. 231). doi:10.2307/1166074
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hida, R. & Asada, H. (2002). Gendai giongo gitaigo youhou jiten [Dictionary of modern onomatopoeia and mimesis usage]. Tokyo, Japan: Tokyodou Shupann.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, R. M. (1998). Intention and knowledge in preschoolers’ conception of pretend. Child Development, 69, 966–980. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06154.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudo, K. (2008). MeCab-0.97 [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://mecab.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/mecab/doc/index.html
   Google Scholar
• Leslie, A. M. (1987). Pretense and representation: The origins of ‘theory of mind.’ Psychological Review, 94, 412–426. doi:10.1037//0033-295X.94.4.412
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S. (1993). Young children's conceptualization of pretense: Action or mental representational state? Child Development, 64, 372–386. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02915.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. (1994). Making sense of pretense. In C. Lewis & P. Mitchell (Eds.), Children's early understanding of mind: Origins and development (pp. 211–234). Hove, UK: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S. (1996). Body or mind: Children's categorizing of pretense. Child Development, 67, 1717–1734. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01823.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S. (1998). Wanting to be it: Children's understanding of intentions underlying pretense. Child Development, 69, 981–993. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06155.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S. (2006). Guided participation: How mothers structure and children understand pretend play. In A. Göncü & S. Gaskins (Eds.), Play and development: Evolutionary, sociocultural, and functional perspectives (pp. 131–154). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S., Lerner, M. D., Hopkins, E. J., Dore, R. A., Smith, E. D. & Palmquist, C. M. (2013). The impact of pretend play on children's development: A review of the evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 1–34. doi:10.1037/a0029321
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S., Nishida, T., Massaro, D., Vaish, A., Ma, L. & McRoberts, G. (2007). Signs of pretense across age and scenario. Infancy, 11, 1–30. doi:10.1207/s15327078in1101_1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lillard, A. S. & Witherington, D. C. (2004). Mothers’ behavior modifications during pretense and their possible signal value for toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 40, 95–113. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.40.1.95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCune-Nicolich, L. & Fenson, L. (1984). Methodological issues in studying early pretend play. In T. Yawkey & A. Pelligrini (Eds.), Child's play: Developmental and applied (pp. 81–124). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, R. W. & Neal, M. (2005). Children's understanding of their own and others’ mental states. Part A. Self-understanding precedes understanding of others in pretence. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 23, 175–200. doi:10.1348/026151004X21107
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murawaki, Y. & Kurohashi, S. (2008, October). Online acquisition of Japanese unknown morphemes using morphological constraints. Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, USA, 429–437.
   Google Scholar
• Nichols, S. & Stich, S. (2000). A cognitive theory of pretense. Cognition, 74, 115–147. doi:10.1016/S0010-0277(99)00070-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishida, T. K. & Lillard, A. S. (2007). The informative value of emotional expressions: ‘Social referencing’ in mother–child pretense. Developmental Science, 10, 205–212. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00581.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellis, S. M. & Pellis, V. C. (1997). Targets, tactics, and the open mouth face during play fighting in three species of primates. Aggressive Behavior, 23, 41–57. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(1997)23:1<41::AID-AB5>3.0.CO;2-W
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piaget, J. (1962). Play, dreams, and imitation in childhood. New York, NY: Norton.
   Google Scholar
• Rakoczy, H. (2008). Pretence as individual and collective intentionality. Mind & Language, 23, 499–517. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.2008.00357.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rakoczy, H., Tomasello, M. & Striano, T. (2005). On tools and toys: How children learn to act on and pretend with ‘virgin objects.’ Developmental Science, 8, 57–73. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00393.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shwalb, D. W., Nakazawa, J. & Shwalb, B. J. (Eds.). (2005). Applied developmental psychology: Theory, practice, and research from Japan. Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
   Google Scholar
• Slade, A. (1987). A longitudinal study of maternal involvement and symbolic play during the toddler period. Child Development, 58, 367–375. doi:10.2307/1130513
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striano, T., Tomasello, M. & Rochat, P. (2001). Social and object support for early symbolic play. Developmental Science, 4, 442–455. doi:10.1111/1467-7687.00186
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugimoto, N. (2008). Youji no huri ni okeru taishyou no chishiki to koui tono kankei no rikai [Young children's understanding of pretense: Relations between knowledge and action]. Japanese Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 221–231. (in Japanese with English abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Takei, S., Ogino, M., Ohama, K., Tatsuno, T. & Saito, K. (1981). Seigo ni nen kan no dentatsu koudou ni okeru taijin taibutu koudou no hattatu [Person and object in the development of communicative behavior in the first two years of life]. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 24, 112–122. (in Japanese with English abstract)
   Google Scholar
• Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. & Bornstein, M. H. (1994). Specificity in mother–toddler language-play relations across the second year. Developmental Psychology, 30, 283–292. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.30.2.283
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamis-LeMonda, C. S., Bornstein, M. H., Cyphers, L., Toda, S. & Ogino, M. (1992). Language and play at one year: Comparison of toddlers and mothers in the United States and Japan. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 15–42. doi:10.1177/016502549201500102
   Google Scholar
• Toda, S., Fogel, A. & Kawai, M. (1990). Maternal speech to three-month-old infants in the United States and Japan. Journal of Child Language, 17, 279–294. doi:10.1017/S0305000900013775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomasello, M. (1999). The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Walker-Andrews, A. S. & Kahana-Kalman, R. (1999). The understanding of pretense across the second year of life. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17, 523–536. doi:10.1348/026151099165456
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson, M. W. & Fischer, K. W. (1977). A developmental sequence of agent use in late infancy. Child Development, 48, 828–836. doi:10.2307/1128331
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yasukawa, M. & Yokoo, H. (2010, December). Composition and decomposition of Japanese Katakana and Kanji morphemes for decision rule induction from patent documents. Proceedings of the 15th Australasian Document Computing Symposium, Australia, 28–35.
   Google Scholar