Evidence of Early Strategies in Learning to Walk

REFERENCES

• Benson , J. B. and Uzgiris , I. C. 1985 . Effect of self-initiated locomotion on infant search activity. . Developmental Psychology , 21 : 923 – 931 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biringen , Z. , Emde , R. N. , Campos , J. J. and Appelbaum , M. I. 1995 . Affective reorganization in the infant, the mother, and the dyad: The role of the upright locomotion and its timing. . Child Development , 66 : 499 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenière , Y. and Bril , B. 1998 . Development of postural control of gravity forces in children during the first 5 years of walking. . Experimental Brain Research , 121 : 255 – 262 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bril , B. and Brenière , Y. 1992 . Postural requirements and progression velocity in young walkers. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 24 : 105 – 116 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , J. E. and Phillips , S. J. 1993 . A longitudinal study of intralimb coordination in the first year of independent walking: A dynamical systems analysis. . Child Development , 64 : 1143 – 1157 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , J. E. , Truly , T. L. and Phillips , S. J. 1993 . “ On the development of walking as a limit-cycle system. ” . In A dynamic approach to development: Applications , Edited by: Smith , L. B. and Thelen , E. 71 – 93 . Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J. E. , Whitall , J. and Phillips , S. J. 1987 . Human interlimb coordination: The first 6 months of independent walking. . Developmental Psychobiology , 21 : 445 – 456 .
   Google Scholar
• Clearfield , M. 2004 . The role of crawling and walking experience in infant spatial memory. . Journal of Experimental Child Psychology , 89 : 214 – 241 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbetta , D. and Bojczyk , K. 2002 . Infants return to two-handed reaching when they are learning to walk. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 34 : 83 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbetta , D. , Thelen , E. and Johnson , K. 2000 . Motor constraints on the development of perception–action matching in infant reaching. . Infant Behavior and Development , 23 : 351 – 374 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson , E. J. , Riccio , G. , Schmuckler , M. A. , Stoffregen , T. A. , Rosenberg , D. and Taormina , J. 1987 . Detection of the traversability of surfaces by crawling and walking infants. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 13 : 533 – 544 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubo , M. and Ulrich , B. 2006a . A biomechanical analysis of the “high guard” position of arms during walking in toddlers. . Infant Behavior and Development , 29 : 509 – 517 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kubo , M. and Ulrich , B. 2006b . Early stage of walking: Development of control in the mediolateral and anteroposterior directions. . Journal of Motor Behavior , 38 : 229 – 237 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ledebt , A. 2000 . Changes in arm posture during the early acquisition of early walking. . Infant Behavior and Development , 23 : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Ledebt , A. , van Wieringen , P. C. W. and Savelsbergh , G. J. P. 2004 . Functional significance of foot rotation asymmetry in early walking. . Infant Behavior and Development , 27 : 163 – 172 .
   Google Scholar
• McCollum , G. , Holroyd , C. and Castelfranco , A. M. 1995 . Forms of early walking. . Journal of Theoretical Biology , 176 : 373 – 390 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Thelen , E. , Corbetta , D. , Kamm , K. , Spencer , J. P. , Schneider , K. and Zernicke , R. F. 1993 . The transition to reaching: Mapping intention and intrinsic dynamics. . Child Development , 64 : 1058 – 1098 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thelen , E. , Corbetta , D. and Spencer , J. P. 1996 . The development of reaching during the first year: The role of movement speed. . Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance , 22 : 1059 – 1076 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thelen , E. and Smith , L. B. 1994 . A dynamic systems approach to the development of cognition and action. , Cambridge, MA : MIT Press .
   Google Scholar