Ethical Environment, Healthcare Work, and Patient Outcomes

REFERENCES

• Aiken , L. , Sloane , D. and Sochalski , J. 1998 . Hospital organisation and outcomes . Quality in Healthcare , 7 ( 4 ) : 222 – 226 .
   Google Scholar
• Arnetz , B. 1997 . Physicians' view of their work environment and organisation . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 66 ( 3 ) : 155 – 162 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bonn , D. and Bonn , J. 2000 . Work-related stress: Can it be a thing of the past? . Lancet , 355 ( 9198 ) : 124 [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen , J. A. , Palumbo , M. and Rambur , B. 2003 . Combating the nursing shortage . Nursing Leadership Forum , 8 ( 1 ) : 3 – 12 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dejaer , C. , Smiets , P. and Pauwels , R. 2001 . De l'existence d'un phenomene a son etendue reelle: La penurie de personnel infirmier. [From the existence of a phenomenon to its real scope: The shortage of nursing personnel] . Recherché en Soins Infirmiers , 26 : 99 – 117 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Donabedian , A. 1969 . Medical care appraisal-quality and utilization , New York, NY : American Public Health Association .
   Google Scholar
• Dubler , N. and Marcus , L. 1994 . Mediating bioethical disputes , New York, NY : United Hospital Fund .
   Google Scholar
• Eagly , A. H. and Chaiken , S. 1993 . Psychology of attitudes , Fort. Worth, TX : Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Elovainio , M. , Kivimäki , M. , Vahtera , J. , Keltikangas-Järvinen , L. and Virtanen , M. 2003 . Sleeping problems and health behaviors as mediators between organizational justice and health . Health Psychology , 22 ( 3 ) : 287 – 293 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everitt , B. and Rabe-Hesketh , S. 2001 . Analyzing medical data using S-Plus , Seattle, WA : Insightful Corporation, Inc. . (S-Plus 6.0)
   Google Scholar
• Joint Commission Resources . Critical linkages: Nurse staffing, patient safety, and transforming care at the bedside conference . Joint_Commission_Resources-15.IM.A.2557. 2213jcrinc.co.mansellgroup.net (accessed February 1, 2006)
   Google Scholar
• Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) . 1997 . Accreditation manual , Oakbrook, IL : JCAHO .
   Google Scholar
• Jöreskog , K. 1973 . “ A general method for estimating a linear structural equation system ” . In Structural equation models in the social sciences , Edited by: Goldberger , A. S. and Duncan , O. D. 85 – 112 . New York, NY : Seminar Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kivimäki , M. , Mäki , E. , Lindström , K. , Alanko , A. , Seitsonen , S. and Järvinen , K. 1997 . Does the implementation of total quality management (TQM) change the well-being and work-related attitudes of healthcare personnel? . Journal of Organizational Change Management , 10 : 456 – 470 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koehoorn , M. , Lowe , G. , Rondeau , K. , Schellenberg , G. and Wagar , T. 2002 . “ Creating high-quality health workplaces ” . In Canadian Policy Research Networks' Discussion Paper No. W/14, January 4 , Ottawa, ON : Canadian Policy Research Networks .
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel , C. 1998a . Ethical environments: Reports of practicing nurses . Nursing Clinics of North America , 33 ( 2 ) : 363 – 372 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDaniel , C. 1998b . Hospital ethics committees and nurses' participation . The Journal of Nursing Administration , 28 ( 9 ) : 47 – 51 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDaniel , C. 2004 . Organizational ethics: Research and ethical environments , Aldershot, UK : Ashgate Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• McDaniel , C. 2005 . Physicians' contributions to hospital ethics committees: Influence of ethical environments. In press
   Google Scholar
• Mahoney , J. and Vallance , E. , eds. 1992 . Business ethics in a new Europe , Dordrecht, NE : Kluwer Academic Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Nie , N. H. , Hull , C. , Jenkins , J. , Steinbrenner , K. and Brent , D. 1975 . Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS), , 2nd. ed , New York, NY : McGraw-Hill Book Company .
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute . 2001 . Cary, NC : SAS Institute Inc . SAS 8.2
   Google Scholar
• Seago , J. A. , Ash , M. , Spetz , J. , Coffman , J. and Grumbach , K. 2001 . Hospital registered nurse shortages: Environmental, patient, and institutional predictors . Health Services Research , 36 ( 5 ) : 831 – 852 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shortell , S. M. , Rousseau , D. , Gillies , R. , Dever , K. and Simons , T. 1992 . Organizational assessment in intensive care units (ICUs): Construct development, reliability, and validity of the ICU nurse-physician questionnaire . Medical Care , 29 ( 8 ) : 709 – 726 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   Google Scholar
• Shortell , S. M. , Zimmerman , J. , Rousseau , D. , Gillies , R. , Wagner , D. , Draper , E. , Knaus , W. and Duffy , J. 1994 . The performance of intensive care units: Does good management make a difference? . Medical Care , 32 ( 5 ) : 508 – 525 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen , S. B. , Dallender , J. , Soares , J. , Nolan , P. and Arnetz , B. 1998 . Predictors of a healthy workplace for Swedish and English psychiatrists . British Journal of Psychiatry , 173 : 80 – 84 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen , S. B. , Arnetz , B. , Nolan , P. , Soares , J. and Dallender , J. 1999 . Individual and organizational well-being in psychiatric nursing: A cross-cultural study . Journal of Advanced Nursing , 30 ( 3 ) : 749 – 757 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomsen , S. B. 2000 . Stress, satisfaction, and quality: Studies of organizational and individual well-being in healthcare , Unpublished dissertation Stockholm, Sweden : Karolinska Institute, Department of Public Health Sciences .
   Google Scholar
• Ullman , J. B. 1996 . “ Structural equation modeling ” . In Using multivariate statistics, , 3rd ed. , Edited by: Tabachnick , B. G. and Fidell , L. S. 709 – 810 . New York, NY : Harper Collins College Publishers .
   Google Scholar
• Ulrich , B. 2003 . The nursing shortage and potential solutions: An overview . Nephrology Nursing Journal , 30 ( 4 ) : 364 – 376 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ware , J. E. Jr. , Snow , K. , Kosinski , M. and Gandek , B. 1993 . SF-36 Health Survey manual and interpretation guide , Boston, MA : The Health Institute, New England Medical Center .
   Google Scholar
• Ware , J. E. Jr. , Kosinski , M. and Keller , S. 1994 . SF-36 Physical and Mental Health Summary Scales: A user's manual, , 2nd printing-revised , Boston, MA : New England Medical Center, The Health Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Ware , J. E. Jr. and Grandek , B. 1998 . Overview of the SF-36 Health Survey and the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) project . Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , 51 ( 11 ) : 903 – 912 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisman , C. S. and Nathanson , C. A. 1985 . Professional satisfaction and client outcomes: A comparative organizational analysis . Medical Care , 23 ( 10 ) : 1179 – 1192 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , E. S. , Konrad , T. , Scheckler , W. , Pathmam , D. , Linzer , M. , McMurray , J. , Gerrity , M. and Schwartz , M. 2001 . Understanding physicians' intentions to withdraw from practice: The role of job satisfaction, job stress, mental and physical health . Health Care Management Review , 26 ( 17 ) : 7 – 19 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar