Forensic Characterization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Hopanes in Aerosols from Peninsular Malaysia

References

• Abas , M. R. B. , Oros , D. R. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 2004a . Biomass burning as the main source of organic aerosol particulate matter in Malaysia during haze episodes . Chemosphere , 55 : 1089 – 1095 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abas , M. R. B. , Rahman , N. A. , Omar , N. Y. M. J. , Maah , M. J. , Abu Samah , A. and Oros , D. R. 2004b . Organic composition of aerosols particulate matter during a haze episode in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Atmospheric Environment , 38 : 4223 – 4241 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves , C. , Pio , C. and Duarte , A. 2001 . Composition of extractable organic mater of air particles from rural and urban Portuguese area . Atmospheric Environment , 35 : 5485 – 5496 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballesteros , R. , Hernandez , J. J. and Lyons , L. L. 2009 . Determination of PAHs in diesel particulate matter using thermal extraction and solid phase micro-extraction . Atmospheric Environment , 43 : 655 – 662 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barakat , A. O. 2001 . PAHs and petroleum markers I the atmospheric environment of Alexandria City, Egypt . Water, Air, and Soil Pollution , 139 : 289 – 310 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi , X. , Sheng , G. , Peng , P. , Chen , Y. , Zhang , Z. and Fu , J. 2003 . Distribution of particulate and vapor-phase n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere of Guangzhou, China . Atmospheric Environment , 37 : 289 – 298 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi , X. , Simoneit , B. R. T. , Sheng , G. and Fu , J. 2008 . Characterization of molecular markers in smoke from residential coal combustion in China . Fuel , 87 : 112 – 119 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonyatumanond , R. , Murakami , M. , Wattayakorn , G. , Togo , A. and Takada , H. 2007 . Sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in street dust in a tropical Asian mega-city, Bangkok, Thailand . Science of the Total Environment , 384 : 420 – 432 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claxton , L. D. and Woodall , G. M. Jr. 2007 . A review of the mutagenicity and rodent carcinogenicity of ambient air . Mutation Research , 636 : 36 – 94 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dong , T. T. T. and Lee , B. K. 2009 . Characteristics, toxicity, and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea . Chemosphere , 74 : 1245 – 1253 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang , M. , Zheng , M. , Wang , F. , To , K. L. , Jaafar , A. B. and Tong , S. L. 1999 . The solvent-extractable organic compounds in the Indonesia biomass burning aerosols-characterization studies . Atmospheric Environment , 33 : 783 – 795 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farias , C. O. , Hamacher , C. , Wagener , A. L. R. and Scofield , A. L. 2008 . Origin and degradation of hydrocarbons in mangrove sediments contaminated by an oil spill in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . Organic Geochemistry , 39 : 289 – 307 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guinan , J. , Charlesworth , M. , Service , M. and Oliver , T. 2001 . Sources and geochemical constraints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments and mussels of two Northern Irish Sea Loughs . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 42 : 1073 – 1081 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He , L. Y. , Hu , M. , Huang , X. F. , Zhang , Y. H. and Tang , X. Y. 2006 . Seasonal pollution characteristic of organic compounds in atmospheric fine particles in Beijing . Science of the Total Environment , 359 : 167 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hong , H. , Yin , H. , Wang , X. and Ye , C. 2007 . Seasonal variation of PM10 bound PAHs in the atmosphere of Xiamen, China . Atmospheric Research , 85 : 429 – 441 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalaitzoglou , M. , Terzi , E. and Samara , C. 2004 . Patterns and sources of particle-phase aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural sites of western Greece . Atmospheric Environment , 38 : 2545 – 2560 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumata , H. , Takada , H. and Zakaria , M. P. 2000 . Composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols from China, Japan, and Malaysia [in Japanese] . Research in Organic Geochemistry , 15 : 13 – 25 .
   Google Scholar
• Lang , Q. , Zhang , Q. and Jaffe , R. 2002 . Organic aerosols in the Miami area, USA: Temporal variability of atmospheric particles and wet/dry deposition . Chemosphere , 47 : 427 – 441 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lough , G. C. , Schauer , J. J. and Lawson , D. R. 2006 . Day-of-week trends in carbonaceous aerosol composition in the urban atmosphere . Atmospheric Environment , 40 : 4137 – 4149 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magi , E. , Bianco , R. , Ianni , C. and Di Carro , M. 2002 . Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the sediments of the Adriatic Sea . Environmental Pollution , 119 : 91 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafa , A. R. , Hegazi , A. H. , El-Gayar , Sh. M. and Andersson , J. T. 2009 . Source characterization and the environmental impact of urban street dusts from Egypt based on hydrocarbon distributions . Fuel , 88 : 95 – 104 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Motelay-Massei , A. , Ollivon , D. , Garban , B. , Tiphagne-Larcher , K. , Zimmerlin , I. and Chevreuil , M. 2007 . PAHs in the bulk atmosphere deposition of the Seine river basin: source identification and apportionment by ratios, multivariate statistical techniques and scanning electron microscopy . Chemosphere , 67 : 312 – 321 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuda , T. , Kumata , H. , Zakaria , M. P. , Naroaka , H. , Ishiwatari , R. and Takada , H. 2002 . Source identification of Malaysian atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons nearby forest fires using molecular and isotopic compositions . Atmospheric Environment , 36 : 611 – 618 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omar , N. Y. M. J. , Abas , M. R. , Ketuly , K. A. and Tahir , N. M. 2002 . concentrations of PAHs in atmospheric particles (PM-10) and roadside soil particles collected in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Atmospheric Environment , 36 : 247 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omar , N. Y. M. J. , Mon , T. C. , Rahman , N. A. and Abas , M. R. 2006a . Distribution and health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric aerosols of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Science of the Total Environment , 369 : 76 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omar , N. Y. M. J. , Abas , M. R. B. , Rahman , S. A. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 2006b . Heavy Molecular Weight Organics in the Atmosphere , Kuala Lumpur , , Malaysia : University of Malaya Press .
   Google Scholar
• Oros , D. R. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 2000 . Identification and emission rates of molecular tracers in coal smoke particulate matter . Fuel , 70 : 515 – 536 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , K. E. and Moldowan , J. M. 1993 . The Biomarker Guide: Interpreting Molecular Fossils in Petroleum and Ancient Sediments , Englewood Cliffs , NJ : Prentice–Hall .
   Google Scholar
• Phuleria , H. C. , Sheesley , R. J. , Schauer , J. J. , Fine , P. M. and Sioutas , C. 2007 . Roadside measurements of size-segregated particulate organic compounds near gasoline and diesel-dominated freeways in Los Angeles, CA . Atmospheric Environment , 41 : 4653 – 4671 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prahl , F. G. and Carpenter , R. 1984 . Hydrocarbons in Washington coastal sediments . Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science , 18 : 703 – 720 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ram , K. and Anastasio , C. 2009 . Photochemistry of phenanthrene, pyrene, and fluoranthene in ice and snow . Atmospheric Environment , 43 : 2252 – 2259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riddle , S. G. , Jakober , C. A. , Robert , M. A. , Cahill , T. M. , Charles , M. J. and Kleeman , M. J. 2007 . Large PAHs detected in fine particulate matter emitted from light-duty gasoline vehicles . Atmospheric Environment , 41 : 8658 – 8668 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson , A. L. , Subramanian , R. , Bernado-Bricker , A. and Rogge , W. F. 2006 . Source apportionment of molecular markers and organic aerosols–1. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and methodology for data visualization . Environmental Science and Technology , 40 : 7803 – 7810 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogge , W. F. , Hildemann , L. N. , Mazurek , M. A. , Cass , G. R. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 1993 . Sources of fine organic aerosols 2. Non-Catalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy duty diesel tracks . Environmental Science and Technology , 27 : 636 – 651 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogge , W. F. , Hildemann , L. N. , Mazurek , M. A. , Cass , G. R. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 1998 . Sources of fine organic aerosols 9. Pine, oak, and synthetic log combustion in residential fireplaces . Environmental Science and Technology , 32 : 13 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogge , W. F. , Medeiros , P. M. and Simoneit , B. R. T. 2007 . Organic marker compounds in surface soils of crop fields from the San Joaquin Valley fugitive dust characterization study . Atmospheric Environment , 41 : 8183 – 8204 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saha , M. , Togo , A. , Mizukawa , K. , Murakami , M. , Takada , H. Zakaria , M. P. 2009 . Sources of sedimentary PAHs in tropical Asian waters: Differentiation between pyrogenic and petrogenic sources by alkyl homolog abundance . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 58 : 189 – 200 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoneit , B. R. T. 1984 . Organic matter of the troposphere-III. Characterization and sources of petroleum and pyrogenic residues in aerosols over the western United States . Atmospheric Environment , 18 : 51 – 67 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , D. J. T. and Harrison , R. M. 1996 . concentrations, trends, and vehicle source profile of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the U. K. atmosphere . Atmospheric Environment , 30 : 2513 – 2525 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soclo , H. H. , Garrigues , P. and Ewald , M. 2000 . Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou, Benin and Aquitaine, France area . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 40 : 387 – 396 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleiman , A. , Othman , M. , Samah , A. A. , Sulaiman , N. M. and Radojevic , M. 2003 . The occurrence of haze in Malaysia: A case study in an urban industrial area . Pure and Applied Geophysics , 160 : 221 – 238 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Somoneit , B. R. T. 2002 . Biomass burning—a review of organic tracers for smoke from incomplete combustion . Applied Geochemistry , 17 : 129 – 162 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer , T. and Kuwatsuka , S. 1993 . Residue levels of polynuclear aromatic compounds in urban surface soil from Japan . Journal of Chromatography , 643 : 305 – 309 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takada , H. , Onda , T. and Ogura , N. 1990 . Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dusts and their source materials by capillary gas chromatography . Environmental Science and Technology , 24 : 1179 – 1186 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tham , Y. W. F. , Takeda , K. and Sakugawa , H. 2008 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associated with atmospheric particles in Higashi Hiroshima, Japan: Influence of meteorological conditions and seasonal variations . Atmospheric Research , 88 : 224 – 233 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vasconcellos , P. C. , Zacarias , D. , Pires , M. A. F. , Pool , C. S. and Carvalho , L. R. F. 2003 . Measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in airborne particles from the metropolitan area of São Paulo City, Brazil . Atmospheric Environment , 37 : 3009 – 3018 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu , S. P. , Tao , S. , Zhang , Z. H. , Lan , T. and Zuo , Q. 2005 . Distribution of particle-phase hydrocarbons, PAHs, and OCPs in Tianjin, China . Atmospheric Environment , 39 : 7420 – 7432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan , W. , Chi , J. , Wang , Z. , Huang , W. and Zhang , G. 2009 . Spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from Daya Bay, South China . Environmental Pollution , 157 : 1823 – 1830 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yim , U. H. , Hong , S. H. and Shim , W. J. 2007 . Distribution and characteristics of PAHs in sediments from the marine environment of Korea . Chemosphere , 68 : 85 – 92 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakaria , M. P. , Takada , H. , Horinouchi , A. , Tanabe , S. and Ismail , A. 2000 . Application of biomarkers for source identification of oil pollution in Strait of Malacca, Malaysia . Environmental Science and Technology , 34 : 1189 – 1196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakaria , M. P. , Okuda , T. and Takada , H. 2001 . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Hopanes in stranded tar-balls on the coast of Peninsular Malaysia: Applications of biomarkers for identifying sources of oil pollution . Marine Pollution Bulletin , 42 : 1357 – 1366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakaria , M. P. , Takada , H. , Tsutsumi , S. , Ohno , K. , Yamada , J. Kuono , E. 2002 . Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: A widespread input of petrogenic PAHs . Environmental Science and Technology , 36 : 1907 – 1918 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zakaria , M. P. and Takada , H. 2003 . Molecular marker techniques to fingerprint sources of pollutants: An overview . Science Putra Research Bulletin , 11 : 8 – 13 .
   Google Scholar
• Zakaria , M. P. and Mahat , A. A. 2006 . Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment in the Langat estuary . Coastal Marine Science , 30 : 387 – 395 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , X. L. , Tao , S. and Liu , W. X. 2005 . Source diagnostics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on species ratios: A multimedia approach . Environmental Science and Technology , 39 : 9109 – 9114 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , L. , Bai , Z. , You , Y. , Wub , J. , Feng , Y. and Zhu , T. 2009 . Chemical and stable carbon isotoic characterization for PAHs in aerosol emitted from two indoor sources . Chemosphere , 75 : 453 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zheng , M. , Want , T. S. M. , Fang , M. and Wang , F. 1997 . Characterization of the non-volatile organic compounds in the aerosols of Hong Kong-identification, abundance, and origin . Atmospheric Environment , 31 : 227 – 237 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar