Field Study of Air Exchange Rates in Northern Highlands of Peru

References

• Apple , J. , Vicente , R. , Yarberry , A. , Lohse , N. , Mills , E. , Jacobson , A. and Poppendieck , D. 2010 . Characterization of particulate matter size distributions and indoor concentrations from kerosene and diesel lamps . Indoor Air , 20 : 399 – 411 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ASTM International (ASTM) . 2000 . Standard Test Method for Determining Air Change in a Single Zone by Means of a Tracer Gas Dilution , West Conshohocken , PA : ASTM. ASTM Standard E 741–00 .
   Google Scholar
• Bigham , G. N. , Chan , W. R. , Dekermenjian , M. and Reza , A. 2008 . Indoor concentrations of Hg vapor following various spill scenarios . Environmental Forensics , 9 : 187 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan , W. R. , Nazaroff , W. W. , Price , P. N. , Sohn , M. D. and Gadgil , A. J. 2005 . Analyzing a database of residential air leakage in the United States . Atmospheric Environment , 39 : 3445 – 3455 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dasgupta , S. , Huq , M. , Khaliquzzaman , M. , Pandey , K. and Wheeler , D. 2006 . Indoor air quality for poor families: New evidence from Bangladesh . Indoor Air , 16 : 426 – 444 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezzati , M. , Lopez , A. D. , Rodgers , A. , Vander Hoorn , S. , Murray , C. J. L. and The Comparative Risk Assessment Collaborating Group . 2002 . Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease . Lancet , 360 : 1347 – 1360 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ezzati , M. , Vander Hoorn , S. Rodgers , A. 2003 . Estimates of global and regional potential health gains from reducing multiple major risk factors . Lancet , 362 : 271 – 280 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan , C. and Zhang , J.J. 2001 . Characterization of emissions from portable household combusting devices: particle size distributions, emission rates and factors, and potential exposures . Atmospheric Environment , 35 : 1281 – 1290 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grot , R. A. and Clark , R. E. 1979 . “ Air leakage characteristics and weatherization techniques for low–income housing ” . In Proceedings of the ASHRAE/DOE Conference, Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings. Kissimmee , FL ASHRAE SP 28.
   Google Scholar
• Howard-Reed , C. , Wallace , L. and Ott , W. R. 2002 . The effect of opening windows on air change rates in two homes . Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association , 52 : 147 – 159 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koontz , M. D. and Rector , H. E. 1995 . Estimation of Distributions for Residential Air Exchange Rates [Final Report] , Germantown , MD : GEOMET Technologies, Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Johnson , T. , Myers , J. , Kelly , T. , Wisbith , A. and Ollison , W. 2004 . A pilot study using scripted ventilation conditions to identify key factors affecting indoor pollution concentration and air exchange rates in a residence . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , 14 : 1 – 22 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson , M. , Lam , N. , Brant , S. , Gray , C. and Pennise , D. 2011 . Modeling indoor air pollution from cookstove emissions in developing countries using a Monte Carlo single–box model . Atmospheric Environment , 45 : 3237 – 3243 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loaiza , C. F. , Blondet , M. and Ottazzi , G. 2002 . Housing report: Adobe House . World Housing Encyclopedia , Report #52
   Google Scholar
• Lopez , A. D. , Mathers , C. D. , Ezzati , M. , Jamison , D. T. and Murray , C. J. L. 2006 . Global and regional burden of disease and risk factors, 2001: Systematic analysis of population health data . Lancet , 367 : 1747 – 1757 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCracken , J. P. and Smith , K. R. 1998 . Emissions and efficiency of improved woodburning cookstoves in highland Guatemala . Environment International , 24 : 739 – 747 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray , D. M. and Burmaster , D. E. 1995 . Residential air exchange rates in the United States: Empirical and estimated parametric distributions by season and climatic region . Risk Analysis , 15 : 459 – 465 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazaroff , W. W. , Doyle , S. M. , Nero , A. V. and Sextro , R. G. 1988 . “ Radon entry via potable water ” . In Radon and Its Decay Products in Indoor Air , Edited by: Nazaroff , W. W. and Nero , A. V. 131 – 157 . New York , NY : Wiley-Intersciences .
   Google Scholar
• National Technical Information Service (NIST) . 2013, February 15 . CONTAM 3. 1. NIST Multizone Modeling Website. Available at: http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis/index.htm (accessed April 7, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Offermann , F. J. 2009 . Ventilation and Indoor Air Quality in New Homes , San Francisco , CA : California Air Resources Board and California Energy Commission, PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research Program . Collaborative Report, CEC-500-2009-085
   Google Scholar
• Pandian , M. D. , Ott , W. R. and Behar , J. V. 1993 . Residential air exchange rates for use in indoor air exposure modeling studies . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , 3 : 407 – 416 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pandian , M. D. , Behar , J. V. Ott , W. R. 1998 . Correcting errors in the nationwide data base of residential air exchange rates . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , 8 : 577 – 586 .
   Google Scholar
• Persily , A. , Musser , A. and Emmerich , S. J. 2010 . Modeled infiltration rate distributions for U.S. housing . Indoor Air , 20 : 473 – 485 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prüss-Üstün , A. and Corvalán , C. 2007 . How much disease burden can be prevented by environmental interventions? . Epidemiology , 18 : 167 – 178 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schare , S. and Smith , K. R. 2005 . Particulate emission rates of simple kerosene lamps . Energy for Sustainable Development , II : 32 – 35 .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. , Aggarwal , A. L. and Dave , R. M. 1983 . Air pollution and rural biomass fuels in developing countries: A pilot village study in India and implications for research and policy . Atmospheric Environment , 17 : 2343 – 2362 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. 1987 . “ Biofuels, air pollution, and health: A global review ” . In Ventilation and concentrations , 63 – 108 . New York , NY : Plenum Press .
   Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. , Corvalán , C. and Kjellstrom , T. 1999 . How much global ill health is attributable to environmental factors? . Epidemiology , 10 : 573 – 584 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , K. R. , Samet , J. M. , Romieu , I. and Bruce , N. 2000 . Indoor air pollution in developing countries and acute lower respiratory infections in children . Thorax , 55 : 518 – 532 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Still , D. and MacCarty , N. 2006 . The effect of ventilation on carbon monoxide particulate levels in a test kitchen . Boiling Point , 52 : 24 – 26 .
   Google Scholar
• Sundell , J. , Levin , H. Nazaroff , W. W. 2011 . Ventilation rates and health: multidisciplinary review of the scientific literature . Indoor Air , 21 : 191 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) . 1997 . “ Residential building characteristics ” . In Exposure Factors Handbook , Washington , DC : US EPA. EPA/600/P-95-002Fa .
   Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) . 2011 . “ Building characteristics ” . In Exposure Factors Handbook. Washington , DC US EPA. EPA/600/R–090/052F
   Google Scholar
• Versar, Inc. 1989 . Database of PFT ventilation measurements: description and user's manual Springfield , VA
   Google Scholar
• Versar, Inc. 1990 . Database of PFT Ventilation Measurements: Description and User's Manual. Springfield , VA
   Google Scholar
• Wallace , I. A. , Emmerich , S. J. and Howard-Reed , C. 2002 . Continuous measurements of air change rates in an occupied house for 1 year: The effect of temperature, wind, fans, and windows . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , 12 : 296 – 306 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilson , A. L. , Colome , S. D. Tian , Y. 1996 . California residential air exchange rates and residence volumes . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , 6 : 311 – 326 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Williams , P. R. D. , Hubbell , B. J. , Weber , E. , Fehrenbacher , C. , Hardy , D. and Zartarian , V. 2010 . “ An overview of exposure assessment models used by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency ” . In Modelling of Pollutants in Complex Environmental Systems , Edited by: Hanrahan , G. Vol. 2 , UK : ILM Publications. . Available at www.epa.gov/crem/cremlib.html#guidance (accessed April 7, 2013
   Google Scholar
• Yamamoto , N. , Shendell , D. G. , Winer , A. M. and Zhang , J. 2010 . Residential air exchange rates in three major US metropolitan areas: results from the relationship among indoor, outdoor, and personal air study 1999–2001 . Indoor Air , 20 : 85 – 90 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. and Smith , K. R. 1996 . Hydrocarbon emissions and health risks from cookstoves in developing countries . Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology , 6 : 147 – 161 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang , J. and Smith , K. R. 1999 . Emissions of carbonyl compounds from various cookstoves in China . Environmental Science and Technology , 23 : 2311 – 2320 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. , Smith , K. R. Uma , R. 1999 . Carbon monoxide from cookstoves in developing countries: 2. Exposure potentials . Chemosphere: Global Change Science , 1 : 367 – 375 .
   Google Scholar
• Zhang , J. and Smith , K. R. 2007 . Household air pollution from coal and biomass fuels in China: measurements, health impacts, and interventions . Environmental Health Perspective , 115 : 848 – 855 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar