Dry, wet depositions for ambient air nitrate, sulfate, and chloride ionic species at mixed (traffic, commercial, and residential) sampling sites in Central Taiwan

References

• Akkoyunlu, B. O., and Tayanç, M. 2003. Analysis of wet and bulk deposition in four different regions of Ġstanbul, Turkey. Atmospheric Environment 37:3571–3579.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balestrini R., Galli L., Tartari G. (2000). Wet and dry atmospheric deposition at prealpine and alpine sites in northern Italy. Atmospheric. Environment. 30; 1455–1470.
   Google Scholar
• Barrie, L. A., and Sirois, A. 1986. Wet and dry deposition of sulphates and nitrates in Eastern Canada: 1979B</fn. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 30:303–310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Downing, C. E. H., Vincent, K. J., Campbell, G. W., Fowler, D., and Smith, R. 1995. Trends in wet and dry deposition of sulphur in the United Kingdom. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 85:659–664.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, G. C., Cheng, M. T., and Chang, C. N. 1997. Monitoring and modeling the mass, heavy metal and ion species dry deposition in central Taiwan. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A. A32(8):2183–2199.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G. C., Huang, W. C., Zhuang, Y. J., Huang, C. Y., and Tsai, K. H. 2018. Wet depositions of mercury during plum rain season in Taiwan. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 31:1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G. C., Jhao, G. J., Chang, C. W., Huang, W. C., and Zhuang, Y. J. 2018. Ambient air ionic species (F−, Cl−, NO3−, SO42−) compositions study at a semi-open/outdoor concrete processing factory in Changhua County, Taiwan. Ergonomics International Journal 2(2):000138.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G. C., Wu, Y. C., Lin, S. M., and Lin, C. H. 2013. Study of ambient air particulates (particulate matter [PM]2.5, PM10, and total suspended particulates [TSP]) ionic species concentrations in Asian countries during 1995c spe. Environmental Forensics 13:27–31.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G. C., Yang, I. L., and Liu, C. K. 2010. Measure and modeling the ambient air particles and particle bound mercury. Atmospheric Research 97:97–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang G. C., Chiang H. C., Chen Y. C., Xiao Y. F., Zhuang Y. J. (2014). Particulates and metallic elements monitoring at two (Harbor, Airport) sampling sites in Taiwan. Environmental Forensics. 15(4); 296–305.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita S., Takahashi A., WengJ. H., HuangL. F., Kim H. K., Li C. K., Huang F. T. C., Jeng F. T. (2000). Precipitation chemistry in East Asia. Atmospheric. Environment. 34; 525–537.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furiness, C., Smith, L., Ran, L., and Cowling, E. 1998. Composition of emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides to deposition of nitrate and sulfate in the USA by state in 1990. Environmental Pollution 102:313–320.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandois, L., Nicolas, M., VanderHeijden, G., and Probst, A. 2010. The importance of biomass net uptake for a trace metal budget in a forest stand in north-eastern France. Science of the Total Environment 408:5870–5877.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, N. R., Glass, G. E., and Rennie, P.J. 1979. Effects of acid precipitation. Environmental Science & Technology 13:1350–1355.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glavas S. and Moschonas N. (2002). Origin of observed acidic-alkaline rains in a wet-only precipitation study in a Mediterranean coastal site Patras. Atmospheric Environment. 36; 3089–3099.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray, C. W., McLaren, R. G., and RobertsA, H. C. 2003. Atmospheric accessions of heavy metals to some New Zealand pastoral soils. The Science of the Total Environment 305:105–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• LeBolloch O. and Guerzoni S. (1995). Acid and alkaline deposition in precipitationon the western coast of Sardinia, central Mediterranean. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 85; 2155–2160.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee B. K., Hong S. H., Lee D. S. (2000). Chemical composition of precipitation and wet deposition of major ions on the Korean peninsula. Atmospheric. Environemt. 34; 563–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson, F. A., Smith, S. R., Alloway, B. J., Carlton-Smith, C., and ChambersB, J. 2003. An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales Sci. Science of the Total Environment 311:205–219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nriagu J. O. and Pacyna J. M. (1988). Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air water and soils by trace metals. Nature. 333(6169); 134–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okay, C., Akkoyunlu, B. O., and Tayanc, M. 2002. Composition of wet deposition in Kaynarca, Turkey. Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex: 1987) 118:401–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puxbaum H., Simeonov N., Kalina M. F. (1998).Ten years trends (1984–1993) in the precipitation chemistry in central Austria. Atmospheric Environment. 32; 193–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qin C., Wang Y., Peng Y., Wang D. (2016). Four-year record of mercury wet deposition in one typical industrial city in southwest China. Atmospheric Environment. 142; 442–451.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samara C., Tsitouridou R., Balafoutis Ch. (1992). Chemical composition of rain in Thessaloniki, Greece, in relation to meteorological conditions. Atmospheric. Environ,emt. 26B; 359–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sandroni V. and Migon C. (2002). Atmospheric deposition of metallic pollutants over the Ligurian Sea: labile and residual inputs. Chemosphere. 47; 753–764.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen, F., Li, Y. X., Zhang, M., Awasthi, M. K., Ali, A., and Li, R. H. 2016. Atmospheric deposition-carried Zn and Cd from a zinc smelter and their effects on soil microflora as revealed by 16S rDNA. Scientific Reports 6:39148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staelens, J., De Schrijver, A., Van Avermaet, P., Genouw, G., and Verhoest, N. 2005. A comparison of bulk and wet-only deposition at two adjacent sites in Melle (Belgium). Atmospheric Environment 39:7–15.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staelens, J., Houle, D., De Schrijver, A., Neirynck, J., and Verheyen, K. 2008. Calculating dry deposition and canopy exchange with the canopy budget model: review of assumptions and application to two deciduous forests. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 191:149–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, Y. I., Kuo, S. C., Young, L. H., Hsieh, L. Y., and Chen, P. T. 2014. Atmospheric dry plus wet deposition and wet-only deposition of dicarboxylic acids and inorganic compounds in a coastal suburban environment. Atmospheric Environment 89:696–706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsitouridou, R., and Anatolaki, C. 2007. On the wet and dry deposition of ionic species in the vicinity of coal-fired power plants, northwestern Greece. Atmospheric Research 83(1):93–105.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wai, K. M., Tanner, P. A., and Tam, C. W. 2005. 2-year study of chemical composition of bulk deposition in a south China coastal city: comparison with east Asian cities. Environmental Science & Technology 39:6542–6547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z. X., Yao L., Liu G.H., Liu W. Z. (2014). Heavy metals in water, sediments and submerged macrophytes in ponds around the Dianchi Lake, China.Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 107; 200–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang H., Shi G., Tian M., Chen Y., Qiao B., Zhang L., Fumo Y. (2018). Wet deposition and sources of inorganic nitrogen in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Environmental Pollution. 1(233); 520–528.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wesely, M.L., and Hicks, B.B. 2000. A review of the current status of knowledge on dry deposition. Atmospheric Environment 34:2261–2282.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye, L., Huang, M., Zhong, B., Wang, X., Tu, Q., Sun, H., et al. 2018. Wet and dry deposition fluxes of heavy metals in Pearl River Delta Region (China): characteristics, ecological risk assessment, and source apportionment. Journal of Environmental Sciences 70:106–123.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang D. D., Peart M., Jim C. Y., He Y. Q., Li B. S., Chen J. A. (2003). Precipitation chemistry of Lhasa and other remote towns, Tibet. Atmospheric Environment. 37; 231–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu F., Zheng Y., Guo X., Wang S. (2005). Environmental impacts and benefits of regional power grid interconnections for China. Energy Policy. 33(14): 1797–1805.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar