References
- American Petroleum Institute . 1984 . The land treatability of Appendix VIII constituents present in petroleum industry wastes. API Publication 4379 , Washington, DC : American Petroleum Institute .
- Burke , M. D. and Mayer , R. T. 1974 . Ethoxyresorufin: Direct fluorimetric assay of a microsomal O-dealkylation which is preferentially inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 2 : 583 – 588 .
- Cameron , G. N. and Spencer , S. R. 1981 . Sigmodon hispidus . Mamm. Spec. , 158 : 1 – 9 .
- Eifler , M. A. and Slade , N. A. 1998 . Activity patterns in relation to body mass and ambient temperature among overwintering cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) . Can. J. Zool. , 76 : 668 – 672 .
- Elangbam , C. S. , Quails , C W. and Bauduy , M. 1989 . Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 activity in wild cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 42 : 716 – 720 .
- Elangbam , C. S. , Quails , C. W. and Lochmiller , R. L. 1991 . O-Dealkylation of resorufin ethers as an indicator of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme induction in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus): A method for monitoring environmental contamination . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 47 : 23 – 28 .
- Elangbam , C. S. , Quails , C. W. , Lochmiller , R. L. and Novak , J. 1989 . Development of the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) as a biomonitor of environmental contamination with emphasis on hepatic cytochrome P-450 induction and population characteristics . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 42 : 482 – 488 .
- Fouchecouit , M. O. , Arnold , M. , Bemy , P. , Videmann , B. , Rether , B. and Riviere , J. L. 1999 . Assessment of the bioavailability of PAHs in rats exposed to a polluted soil by natural routes: Induction of EROD activity and DNA adducts and PAH burden in both liver and lung . Environ. Res. , 80 : 330 – 339 .
- Gonzalez , J. and Esteller , A. 1990 . “ Glutathione and hepatobiliary transport of xenobiotics ” . In Glutathione: Metabolism and physiological function , 295 – 315 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
- Guengerich , F. P. and Liebler , D. C . 1985 . Enzymatic activation of chemicals to toxic metabolites . CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. , 14 : 259 – 307 .
- Habig , W. H. and Jakoby , W. B. 1981 . Assays for differentiation of glutathione 5-transferase . In Methods Enzymol. , 77 : 398 – 405 .
- Henneman , J. R. , Fox , S. D. , Lubet , R. A. , Ward , J. M. and Nims , R. W. 1994 . Induction of cytochrome P450 in Sigmodon hispidus (cotton rats) exposed to dietary Arochlor 1254 . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 41 : 369 – 386 .
- loannides , C. and Parke , D. V. 1990 . The cytochrome P-450 1 gene family of microsomal hemoproteins and their role in the metabolic activation of chemicals . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 22 : 1 – 85 .
- Watkins , J. B. III. 1991 . Effect of microsomal enzyme inducing agents on hepatic biotransformation in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus): Comparison to that in Sprague-Dawley rats . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 980 : 433 – 439 .
- Whitlock , J. P. 1986 . Regulation of cytochrome P-450 gene expression . Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , 26 : 333 – 369 .
- Ishikawa , T. and Sies , H. 1989 . Glutathione as an antioxidant: Toxicological aspects. In Glutathione Part B , 85 – 109 . New York : Wiley-lnterscience .
- Kim , S. , Stair , E. L. , Lochmiller , R. L. , Rafferty , D. P. , Schroder , J. L. , Basta , N. T. , Lish , J. W. and Quails , C. W. Jr . 2001 . Widespread risks of dental fluorosis in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) residing on petrochemical waste sites . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Pan A , 62A : 107 – 125 .
- Lash , L. H. and Jones , D. P. 1985 . Distribution of oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione and cysteine in rat plasma . Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , 240 : 583 – 592 .
- Letcher , R. J. , Norstrom , R. J. , Lin , S. , Ramsay , M. A. and Bandiera , S. M. 1996 . Immunoquantitation and microsomal monooxygenase activities of hepatic cytochromes P4501A and P4502B and chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminant levels in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 137 : 127 – 140 .
- Lindamood , C. 1991 . “ Xenobiotic biotransformation ” . In Hepatotoxicology , 139 – 180 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
- Lochmiller , R. L. , McMurry , S. T. , McBee , K. , Rafferty , D. P. , Lish , J. W. and Quails , C. W. Jr . 1999 . Seasonal hepatic cytochrome P450 induction in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) inhabiting petrochemical waste sites . Environ. Pollut. , 105 : 191 – 196 .
- Lowry , O. H. , Rosebrough , N. J. , Farr , A. L. and Randall , R. J. 0000 . Protein measurement with the Polin phenol reagent.; . Biol. Chem. , 193 : 265 – 275 .
- Lubet , R. A. , Mayer , R. T. , Cameron , J. W. , Nims , R. W. , Burke , M. D. , Wolff , T. and Guengerich , F. P. 1985 . Dealkyation of pentoxyresorufin: A rapid and sensitive assay for measuring induction of cyto- chromefe) P-450 by phenobarbital and other xenobiotics in the rat Arch . Biochem. Biophys. , 238 : 43 – 48 .
- Mannervik , B. and Danidson , U. H. 1988 . Glutathione transferases-Structure and catalytic activity . CRC Crit. Rev. Biochem. , 23 : 283 – 337 .
- Nakajima , T. , Elovaara , E. , Park , S. S. , Gelboin , H. V. , Hietanen , E. and Vainio , H. 1990 . Monoclonal antibody-directed characterization of benzene, ethoxyresorufin and pentoxyresorufin metabolism in rat liver microsomes . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 40 : 1255 – 1261 .
- Novak , J. Jr and Quails , C. W. Jr . 1989 . Effects of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on the hepatic cytochrome P-450 metabolism of various alkoxyresorufin ethers in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 94C : 543 – 545 .
- Payne , J. F. 1976 . Field evaluation of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase induction as a monitor for marine petroleum pollution . Science , 191 : 945 – 946 .
- Payne , J. F. , Fancey , L. L. , Rahimtula , A. D. and Porter , E. L. 1987 . Review and perspective on the use of mixed-function oxygenase enzymes in biological monitoring . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 86C : 233 – 245 .
- Peakall , D. B. , Norstrom , R. J. , Jeffrey , D. A. and Leighton , F. A. 1989 . Induction of hepatic mixed function oxidases in the herring gull (Larus argentatus) by Prudhoe Bay crude oil and its fractions . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 94C : 461 – 463 .
- Propst , T. I. , Lochmiller , R. L. , Quails , C W. Jr and McBee , K. 1999 . In situ (mesocosm) assessment of immunotoxicity risks to small mammals inhabiting petrochemical waste sites . Chemosphere , 38 : 1049 – 1067 .
- Rowley , M. H. , Christian , J. J. , Basu , D. K. , Pawlikowski , M. A. and Paigen , B. 1983 . Use of small mammals (voles) to assess a hazardous waste site at Love Canal, Niagara Falls, New York . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 12 : 383 – 397 .
- Schroder , J. L. , Basta , N. T. , Payton , M. , Wilson , J. A. , Carlson , R. I. , Janz , D. M. and Lochmiller , R. L. 2003 . Ecotoxicological risks associated with land treatment of petrochemical wastes. I. Residual soil con- tamination and bioaccumulation by cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. , 66 : 305 – 325 .
- Quails , C W. Jr , Lubet , R. A. , Lochmiller , R. L. , Elangbam , C. S. , Lish , J. W. and Nims , R. W. 1998 . Cytochrome P450 induction in feral Cricetid rodents: A review of field and laboratory investigations . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 121C : 55 – 63 .
- Rafferty , D. P. , Lochmiller , R. L. , McBee , K. , Quails , C. W. and Basta , N. T. 2001 . Immunotoxicity risks associated with land-treatment of petrochemical wastes revealed using an in situ rodent model . Environ. Pollut. , 112 : 73 – 87 .
- Rattner , B. A. , Flickinger , E. L. and Hoffman , D. J. 1993 . Morphological, biochemical, and histopathological indices and contaminant burdens of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) at three hazardous waste sites near Houston, Texas, USA . Environ. Pollut. , 79 : 85 – 93 .
- Rattner , B. A. , Hoffman , D. J. and Marn , C. M. 1989 . Use of mixed-function oxygenases to monitor contaminant exposure in wildlife . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 8 : 1093 – 1102 .
- Roos , P. H. , van Afferden , M. , Strotkamp , D. , Tappe , D. , Pfeifer , F. and Hanstein , W. G. 1996 . Liver microsomal levels of cytochrome P4501A as biomarker for exposure and bioavailability of soil-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol. , 30 : 107 – 113 .