N -Acetylcysteine Pretreatment Decreases Cocaine and Endotoxin-Induced Hepatotoxicity

References

• Bodsterli , U. A. , Wolf , A. and Goldin , C. R. 1993 . Oxygen free radical production mediated by cocaine and its ethanol-derived metabolite, cocaethylene, in rat hepatocytes . Hepatology , 18 : 1154 – 1161 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zaragoza , A. , Diez-Femandez , C. , Alvarez , A. M. , Andres , D. and Cascales , M. 2000 . Effect of N-acetylcysteine and deferoxamine on endogenous antioxidant defense system gene expression in a rat hepatocyte model of cocaine cytotoxicity . Biochem. Biophys. Acta , 1496 : 183 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bornheim , L. M. 1998 . Effect of cytochrome P450 inducers on cocaine-mediated hepatotoxicity . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 150 : 158 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradford , M. M. 1976 . A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding . Anal. Biochem. , 72 : 248 – 254 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Comport! , M. , Benedetti , A. and Chieli , E. 1973 . Studies on in vitro peroxidation of liver lipids in ethanoltreated rats . Lipids , 8 : 498 – 502 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Couri , D. and Abdel-Rahman , M. S. 1980 . Effect of chlorine dioxide and metabolites on glutathione dependent system in rat, mouse and chicken blood . J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. , 3 : 451 – 460 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davreux , C , Soric , I. , Nathens , A. , Watson , R. , McGilvary , I. , Suntres , Z. , Shek , P. and Rotsein , O. 1997 . N-Acetylcysteine attenuates acute lung injury in the rat . Shock , 8 : 432 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeLeve , L. D. and Kaplowitz , N. 1991 . Glutathione metabolism and its role in hepatotoxicity . Pharmacol. Ther. , 52 : 287 – 305 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Devi , B. G. and Chan , A. W. 1996 . Cocaine-induced peroxidative stress in rat liver: Antioxidant enzymes and mitochondria.; . Pharmaool. Exp. Ther. , 279 : 359 – 366 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labib , R. , Turkall , R. and Abdel-Rahman , M. S. 2002 . Endotoxin potentiates the hepatotoxicity of cocaine in male mice . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. , 65 : 977 – 993 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lauterberg , B. , Corcoran , G. and Mitchell , J. 1983 . Mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine in the protection against the hepatotoxicity of acetominophen in rats in vivo . J. Clin. Invest. , 71 : 980 – 991 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , R. V. , Shuster , L. and Manson , R. P. 1993 . Reexamination of the microsomal transformation of N-hydroxynorcocaine to norcocaine nitroxide . Mol. Pharmacol. , 43 : 645 – 648 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayeux , P. R. 1997 . Pathobiology of lipopolysaccharide.; . Toxicol. Environ. Health , 51 : 415 – 435 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ndikum-Moffer , F. M. , Munson , J. W. , Bokinkere , N. K. , Brown , J. L. , Richards , N. and Roberts , S. M. 1998 . lmmunochemical detection of hepatic cocaine-protein adducts in mice . Chem. Res. Toxicol. , 11 : 185 – 192 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omara , F. , Fournier , M. , Vincent , R. and Blakley , B. R. 2000 . Suppression of rat and mouse lymphocyte function by urban air particulates (Ottawa Dust) is reversed by N-acetylcysteine . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 59 : 67 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Molvig , J. , Baek , L. , Christensen , P. , Manogue , K. R. , vlassara , H. , Platz , P. , Nidson , L. S. , Svejgaard , A. and Neruo , J. 1988 . Endotoxin-stimulated human monocyte secretion of interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prostaglandin E2 shows stable interindividual differences . Scand. J. lmmunol. , 27 : 705 – 716 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Micheal , S. L. , Pumford , N. R. , Mayeux , P. R. , Niesman , M. R. and Hinson , J. A. 1999 . Pretreatment of mice with macrophage inactivators decreases acetominophen hepatotoxicity and the formation of reactive oxygen species . Hepatology , 30 : 186 – 195 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diez-Fernandez , C. , Zaragoza , A. , Alvarez , A. M. and Cascales , M. 1999 . Cocaine cytotoxicity in hepatocyte cultures from phenobarbital-induced rats: Involvement of reactive oxygen species and expression of antioxidant defense systems . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 58 : 797 – 805 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , E. and Leingang , K. 1998 . Inhibition of LPS-mediated activation in rat Kupffer cells by N-acetylcysteine occurs subsequent to NF-kB translocation and requires protein synthesis . J. Leukocyte Biol. , 63 : 509 – 514 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fox , E. S. , Broitman , S. A. and Thomas , P. 1990 . Bacterial endotoxin and the liver . Lab. Invest. , 63 : 733 – 741 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hafeman , D. G. , Sunde , R. A. and Hoekstra , W. G. 1974 . Effect of dietary selenium on erythrocytes and liver glutathione peroxidase in the rat . J. Nutr. , 104 : 580 – 587 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanel , G. C. , Cassidy , W. , Shuster , L and Reynolds , T. B. 1990 . Cocaine-induced liver cell injury: Comparison of morphological features in man and in experimental models . Hepatology , 11 : 646 – 651 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aebi , H. 1981 . “ Measurement of H2O2 in vitro ” . In Methods in enzymology , Edited by: Packer , L. Vol. 105 , 121 – 124 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• AI-Mustafa , Z. , AI-AIi , Qaw , A. , Abdul-Cader , F. and Z. 1997 . Cimetidine enhances the hepatoprotective action of N-acetylcysteine in mice treated with toxic doses of paracetamol . Toxicology , 121 : 223 – 228 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aoki , K. , Ohmri , M. , Ota , H. and Yoshida , T. 1997 . Cocaine-induced liver injury in mice is mediated by nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species . Eur. J. Phramacol. , 336 : 43 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aruome , O. I. , Halliwell , B. , Hoey , B. M. and Butler , J. 1989 . The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: Its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, Superoxide and hypochlorous acid . Free Radical Biol. Med. , 6 : 593 – 597 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barton , C. C. , Hill , D. A. , Yee , B. S. , Barton , E. X. , Ganey , P. E. and Roth , R. A. 2000 . Bacterial lipopolysaccharide exposure augments aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury . Toxicol. Sci. , 55 : 444 – 452 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellezzo , J. M. , Leingang , K. A. , BuIIa , G. , Britton , R. S. , Brucer , R. and Fox , E. S. 1998 . Modulation of lipoporysaccharide-mediated activation in rat Kupffer cells by antioxidants . J. Lab. Clin. Med. , 13 : 36 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Beutler , E. , Buron , O. and Kelly , B. M. 1963 . Improved method for determination of blood glutathione . J. Lab. Clin. Med. , 61 : 882 – 888 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labib , R. , Turkall , R. and Abdd-Rahman , M. S. 2001 . Oral cocaine produced dose related hepatotoxicity in male CF-1 mice . Toxicol. Lett. , 125 : 29 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehanny , S. and Abdel-Rahman , M. S. 1991 . Cocaine hepatotoxicity in mice: Histologie and enzymatic studies . Toxicol. Pathol. , 19 : 24 – 29 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanless , I. R. , Dore , S. , Gopinath , N. , Tan , J. , Cameron , R. , Heathcote , E. J. , Blendis , L. M. and Levy , G. 1990 . Histopathology of cocaine hepatotoxicity . Castroenterology , 98 : 497 – 501 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winwood , P. J. and Arthur , M. J. P. 1993 . Kupffer cells: Their activation and role in animal models of liver injury and human liver disease . Semin. Liver Dis. , 13 : 50 – 59 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peristeris , P. , Clark , B. , Gatti , S. , Faggioni , R. , Mantovani , A. , Mangozzi , M. , Orencole , S. , Sironi , M. and Ghezzi , P. 1992 . N-Acetylcysteine and glutathione as inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor production . Cell. lmmunol. , 140 : 390 – 399 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , R. A. , Harkema , J. R. , Pestka , J. P. and Ganey , P. E. 1997 . Is exposure to bacterial endotoxin a determinant of susceptibility to intoxication from xenobiotic agents? Toxicol . Appl. Pharmacol. , 147 : 300 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakaguchi , S. , Kanda , N. , Hsu , C. and Sakaguchi , O. 1981 . Lipid peroxide formation and membrane damage in endotoxin poisoned mice . Microbiol. lmmunol. , 25 : 229 – 244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schnellmann , J. , Pumford , N. , Kusewitt , D. , Bucci , T. and Hinson , J. 1999 . Deferoxamine delays the development of the hepatotoxicity of acetominophen in mice . Toxicol. Lett. , 106 : 79 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sjodin , K. , Nilsson , E. , Hallberg , A. and Tunek , A. 1989 . Metabolism of N-acetyl-cysteine-L-cysteine: Some structural requirements for the deacetylation and consequences for the oral bioavailability . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 34 : 3981 – 3985 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar