INHALATION TOXICITY OF BREVETOXIN 3 IN RATS EXPOSED FOR 5 DAYS

REFERENCES

• Abraham , W. M. , Ahmed , A. , Bourdelais , A. J. and Baden , D. G. 2003 . Pathophysiologic airway responses to inhaled red tide brevetoxin in allergic sheep . Toxicologist , 72 ( S-1 ) : 115
   Google Scholar
• Asai , S. , Krzanowski , J. J. , Anderson , W. H. , Martin , D. F. , Polson , J. B. , Lockey , R. F. , Bukantz , S. C. and Szentivanyi , A. 1982 . Effects of the toxin of red tide, Ptychodiscus brevis, on canine tracheal smooth muscle: A possible new asthma-triggering mechanism . J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. , 69 : 418 – 428 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Backer , L. C. , Fleming , L. E. , Rowan , A. , Cheng , Y.-S. , Benson , J. , Pierce , R. H. , Zaias , J. , Bean , J. , Bossart , G. D. , Johnson , D. , Quimbo , R. and Baden , D. G. 2003 . Recreational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events . Harmful Algae , 2 : 19 – 28 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden , D. G. 1989 . Brevetoxins: Unique polyether dinoflagellate toxins . FASEB J , 3 : 1807 – 1817 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baden , D. G. , Mende , J. J. , Lichter , W. and Wellham , L. 1981 . Crystallization and toxicology of T34: A major toxin from Florida's red tide organism (Ptychodiscus brevis) . Toxicon , 19 : 455 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson , J. M. , Tischler , D. L. and Baden , D. G. 1999 . Uptake, tissue distribution, and excretion of brevetoxin 3 administered to rats by intratracheal instillation . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 57 : 345 – 355 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson , J. M. , Hahn , F. F. , Tibbetts , B. M. , Bowen , L. E. , March , T. H. , Langley , R. J. , Murray , T. F. , Bourdelais , A. J. , Naar , J. and Baden , D. G. 2003 . “ Florida red tide: inhalation toxicity of Karenia brevis extract in rats ” . In Harmful algae 2002, Proceedings of the Xth nternational Conference on Harmful Algae , Edited by: Steidinger , K. A. , Landsberg , J. H. , Tomas , C. R. and Vargo , G. A. pp. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• Bossart , G. D. , Baden , D. G. , Ewing , R. Y. , Roberts , B. and Write , S. D. 1998 . Brevetoxicosis in manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) from the 1996 epizootic: Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features . Toxicol. Pathol. , 26 : 276 – 282 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourdelais , A. J. , Campbell , S. , Benson , J. , Abraham , W. M. , Naar , J. , Kubanek , J. , Wright , J. L. C. and Baden , D. G. 2003 . “ Florida's red tide dinoflagellate Karina brevis may modulate its potency by producing a non-toxic competitive antagonist ” . In Harmful Algae 2002, Proceedings of the Xth International conference on Harmful Algae, eds , Edited by: Steidinger , K. A. , Landsberg , J. H. , Tomas , C. R. and Vargo , G. A. pp. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO .
   Google Scholar
• Cattet , M. and Geraci , J. R. 1993 . Distribution and elimination of ingested PbTx (PbTx-3) in rats . Toxicon , 31 : 1483 – 1486 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham , A. J. and Szenberg , A. 1968 . Further improvements in the plaque technique for detecting single antibody-forming cells . Immunology , 14 : 599 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honey , K. and Rudensky , A. Y. 2003 . Lysosomal cysteine proteases regulate antigen presentation . Nat. Rev. Immunol. , 3 : 472 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hubbs , A. F. , Minhas , N. S. , Jones , W. , Greskevitch , M. , Battelli , L. A. , Porter , D. W. , Goldsmith , W. T. , Frazer , D. , Landsittel , D. P. , Ma , J. Y. , Barger , M. , Hill , K. , Schwegler-Berry , D. , Robinson , V. A. and Castranova , V. 2001 . Comparative pulmonary toxicity of 6 abrasive blasting agents . Toxicol. Sci. , 61 : 135 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katunuma , N. , Matsunaga , Y. , Himeno , K. and Hayashi , Y. 2003 . Insights into the roles of cathepsins in antigen processing and presentation revealed by specific inhibitors . Biol. Chem. , 384 : 883 – 890 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim , K. R. , Son , E. W. , Hee-Um , S. , Kim , B. O. , Rhee , D. K. and Pyo , S. 2003 . Immune alterations in mice exposed to the herbicide simiazine . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 66 : 1159 – 1173 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirkpatrick , B. , Fleming , L. E. , Squicciarini , D. , Backer , L. C. , Clark , R. , Abraham , W. , Benson , J. , Cheng , Y. S. , Johnson , D. , Pierce , R. , Zaias , J. , Bossart , G. and Baden , D. G. 2003 . Literature review of Florida red tide: implications for human health effects . Harmful Algae , 3 : 99 – 115 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreuder , C. , Mazet , J. A. , Bossart , G. D. , Carpenter , T. E. , Holyoak , M. , Elie , M. S. and Wright , S. D. 2002 . Clinopathologic features of suspected brevetoxicosis in double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) along the Florida Gulf Coast . J Zool. Wildl. Med. , 33 : 8 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladics , G. S. , Smith , C. , Heaps , K. and Loveless , S. E. 1994 . Evaluation of the humoral immune response of CD rats following a 2-week exposure to the pesticide carbaryl by the oral, dermal, or inhalation routes . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 42 : 143 – 156 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luster , M. I. , Munson , A. E. , Thomas , P. T. , Holsapple. , M. P. , Fenters , J. D. , Jr. , K. L. , Lauer , L. D. , Germolec , D. R. , Rosenthal , G. J. and Deans , J. H. 1988 . Development of a testing battery to assess chemical-induced immunotoxicity: National Toxicology Program's guidelines for immunotoxicity evaluation in mice . Fundam. Appl. Toxocol. , 10 : 2 – 19 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Naar , J. , Bourdelais , A. , Tomas , C. , Kubanek , J. , Whitney , P. L. , Flewelling , L. , Steidinger , K. , Lancaster , J. and Baden , D. G. 2002 . A competitive ELISA to detect brevetoxins from Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) in seawater, shellfish, and mammalian body fluid . Environ. Health Perspect , 110 : 179 – 185 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce , R. H. , Henry , M. S. , Blum , P. C. , Lyons , J. , Cheng , Y. S. , Yazzie , D. and Zhou , Y. 2003 . Brevetoxin concentrations in marine aerosol: human exposure levels during a Karenia brevis harmful algal bloom . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , 70 : 161 – 165 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poli , M. A. , Templeton , C. B. , Thompson , W. L. and Hewetson , J. F. 1990 . Distribution and elimination of brevetoxin PbTx-3 in rats . Toxicon , 28 : 903 – 910 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schlesinger , R. B. 1989 . “ Deposition and clearance of inhaled particles ” . In Concepts in inhalation toxicology , Edited by: McClellan , R. O. and Henderson , R. F. 163 – 192 . New York : Hemisphere .
   Google Scholar
• Sudarsanam , S. , Virca , G. D. , March , C. J. and Srinivasan , S. 1992 . An approach to computer-aided inhibitor design: Application to cathepsin L . J. Comput. Aided Mol. Res. , 6 : 223 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tryphonas , H. , Bondy , G. , Miller , J. D. , Lacroix , F. , Hodgen , M. , Mcguire , P. , Fernie , S. , Miller , D. and Hayward , S. 1997 . Effects of fumonisin B1 on the immune system of Sprague-Dawley rats following a 14-day oral (gavage) exposure . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 39 : 53 – 59 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Van Dolah , F. M. 2000 . Marine algal toxins: Origins, health effects, and their increased occurrence . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 ( suppl. 1 ) : 133 – 141 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar