273
Views
84
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Changes in the Growth, but Not the Survival, of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) Exposed to Environmentally Relevant Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

, , , , &
Pages 1541-1554 | Received 21 Mar 2005, Accepted 05 Aug 2005, Published online: 24 Feb 2007

REFERENCES

  • Ankley , G. T. and Giesy , J. P. 1998 . “ Endocrine disruptors in wildlife: A weight of evidence perspective ” . In Principles and processes for assessing endocrine disruption in wildlife , Edited by: Kendall , R. , Dickerson , R. , Suk , W. and Giesy , J. 349 – 368 . Pensacola, FL : SETAC .
  • Breslin , W. J. , Kirk , H. D. and Zimmer , M. A. 1989 . Tetratogenic evaluation of a polybromodephenyl oxide mixture in New Zealand white rabbits following oral exposure . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol , 12 : 151 – 157 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Brunstrom , B. and Halldin , K. 1998 . EROD induction by environmental contaminants in avian embryo livers . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Pharmacol. Toxicol. Endocrinol , 121 : 213 – 219 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Cohen , J. 1988 . Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
  • Cox , P. and Efthymious , P. 2003 . Directive 2003/11/ED of the European parliament and of the council of February 6, 2003 amending for the 24th time Council Directive 76/669/EED relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations (pentabromodiphenyl ether, octobromodiphenyl ether) . Off. J. Eur. Union O. J. L , 42 : 45 – 46 . [CSA]
  • Darnerud , P. O. 2003 . Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife . Environ. Int , 29 : 841 – 853 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Drouillard , K. G. , Norstrom , R. J. , Fox , G. A. , Gilman , A. and Peakall , D. B. 2003 . Development and validation of a herring gull embryo toxicokinetic model for PCBs . Ecotoxicology , 12 : 55 – 68 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Fairbrother , A. , Smits , J. and Grasman , K. A. 2004 . Avian immunotoxicology . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 7 : 105 – 137 . [CSA]
  • Fernie , K. J. , Smits , J. E. , Bortolotti , G. R. and Bird , D. M. 2001a . In ovo exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: Reproductive effects on second-generation American kestrels . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , 40 : 544 – 550 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Fernie , K. J. , Smits , J. E. , Bortolotti , G. R. and Bird , D. M. 2001b . Reproductive success of American kestrels exposed to dietary polychlorinated biphenyls . Environ. Toxicol. Chem , 20 : 776 – 781 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Fernie , K. J. , Smits , J. E. and Bortolotti , G. R. 2003a . Developmental toxicity of in ovo exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: I. Effects on first-generation nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) during and one year after parental dietary PCB exposure . Environ. Toxicol. Chem , 22 : 554 – 560 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Fernie , K. J. , Bortolotti , G. R. , Drouillard , K. G. , Smits , J. E. and Marchant , T. 2003b . Developmental toxicity of in ovo exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls: II. Effects of maternal or paternal exposure on second-generation nestling American kestrels . Environ. Toxicol. Chem , 22 : 2688 – 2694 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Fernie , K. J. , Shutt , L. , Mayne , G. , Hoffman , D. , Letcher , R. J. , Drouillard , K. and Ritchie , I. 2005 . Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs): Changes in thyroid, vitamin A, glutathione homeostasis and oxidative stress in American kestrels (Falco sparverius) . Toxicol. Sciences , 88 : 375 – 383 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Fernie , K. J. , Mayne , G. , Shutt , L. , Pekarik , C. , Grasman , K. , Letcher , R. and Drouillard , K. 2005 . Evidence of immunomodulation in nestling American kestrels (Falco sparverius) exposed to environmentally relevant PBDEs . Environ. Poll , 138 : 485 – 493 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Gilbertson , M. , Kubiak , T. , Ludwig , J. and Fox , G. 1991 . Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS) in colonial fish-eating birds: Similarity to chick-edema disease . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 33 : 455 – 520 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Gould , J. C. , Cooper , K. R. and Scanes , C. G. 1995 . The effect of Arochlor 1242, 1254 and polychlorinated biphenyl isomers on growth in chick embryos . Toxicology , 15 : 157 [CSA]
  • Grasman , K. A. , Fox , G. A. , Scanlon , P. F. and Ludwig , J. P. 1996 . Organochlorine-associated immunosuppression in prefledgling Caspian terns and herring gulls from the Great Lakes: An ecoepidemiological study . Environ. Health Perspect , 104 : 829 – 842 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
  • Hakk , H. and Letcher , R. J. 2003 . Metabolism in the toxicokinetics and fate of brominated flame retardants—A review . Environ. Int , 29 : 801 – 828 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Hakk , H. , Huwe , J. K. and Lorentzsen , M. 2001 . A mass balance study of a commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture in male Sprague-Dawley rats . Xenobiotica , 52 : 5 – 8 . [CSA]
  • Hale , R. C. , Alaee , M. , Manchester-Neesvig , J. B. , Stapleton , H. M. and Ikonomou , M. G. 2003 . Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in the North American environment . Environ. Int , 29 : 771 – 779 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Hamilton , J. W. , Denison , M. S. and Bloom , S. E. 1983 . Development of basal and induced aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity in the chicken embryo in ovo . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 80 : 3372 – 3376 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Harris , H. J. , Erdman , T. C. , Ankley , G. T. and Lodge , K. B. 1993 . Measures of reproductive success and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in eggs and chicks of Forster's terns on Green Bay, Lake Michigan, Wisconsin—1988 . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , 25 : 304 – 314 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Hayes , J. P. 1987 . The positive approach to negative results in toxicology studies . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 14 : 73 – 77 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Hoffman , D. J. , Melancon , M. J. , Klein , P. N. , Eisemann , J. D. and Spann , J. W. 1998 . Comparative and developmental toxicity of planar polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens, American kestrels, and common terns . Environ. Toxicol. Chem , 17 : 747 – 757 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • International Program on Chemical Safety . 1994a . Environmental Health Criteria no. 162. Brominated diphenyl ethers , Geneva : WHO .
  • International Program on Chemical Safety . 1994b . Environmental Health Criteria no. 152. Polybrominated biphenyls , Geneva : WHO .
  • Law , R. J. , Alaee , M. , Allchin , C. R. , Boon , J. P. , Lebeuf , M. , Lepom , P. and Stern , G. A. 2003 . Levels and trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and other brominated flame retardants in wildlife . Environ. Int , 29 : 757 – 770 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Lindberg , P. , Sellström , U. , Häggberg , L. and de Wit , C. A. 2004 . Higher brominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane found in eggs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) breeding in Sweden . Environ. Sci. Technol , 38 : 93 – 96 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Luross , J. M. , Alaee , M. , Cannon , C. M. , Sergeant , D. B. , Whittle , D. M. and Solomon , K. R. 2002 . Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls in lake trout from the Laurentian Great Lakes . Chemosphere , 46 : 665 – 672 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Marsh , G. , Stenutz , R. and Bergman , Å. 2003 . Synthesis of hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers natural products and potential polybrominated diphenyl ether metabolites . Eur. J. Org. Chem , 14 : 2566 – 2576 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • McDonald , T. A. 2002 . A perspective on the potential health risks of PBDEs . Chemosphere , 46 : 745 – 755 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Norstrom , R. J. , Simon , M. , Moisey , J. , Wakeford , B. and Weseloh , D. V. C. 2002 . Geographical distribution (2000) and temporal trends (1981–2000) of brominated diphenyl ethers in Great Lakes herring gull eggs . Environ. Sci. Technol , 36 : 4783 – 4789 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Olendorff , R. R. 1972 . Weighing and measuring raptors . J. Raptor Res , 6 : 53 – 56 . [CSA]
  • Olfert , E. D. , Cross , B. M. and McWilliam , A. A. 1993 . Guide to the care and use of experimental animals , 2nd , Vol. 1 , Ottawa : Canadian Council on Animal Care .
  • Stapleton , H. M. , Letcher , R. J. , Li , J. and Baker , J. E. 2004a . Dietary accumulation and metabolism of polybrominated diphenyl ethers by juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio) . Environ. Toxicol. Chem , 23 : 1939 – 1946 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Stapleton , H. M. , Letcher , R. J. and Baker , J. E. 2004b . Debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners BDE 99 and BDE 183 in the intestinal tract of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) . Environ. Sci. Technol , 38 : 1054 – 1061 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
  • Starck , J. M. and Ricklefs , R. E. 1998 . “ Avian growth rate data set ” . In Avian growth and development: Evolution within the altricial–precocial spectrum , Edited by: Starck , J. M. and Ricklefs , R. E. 381 – 423 . New York : Oxford University Press .
  • Zar , J. H. 1996 . Biostatistical analysis , 3rd , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.