Study of the Reproductive Effects in Rats Surgically Implanted With Depleted Uranium for Up to 90 Days

References

• Arfsten , D. P. , Still , K. R. and Ritchie , G. D. 2001 . A review of the effects of uranium and depleted uranium exposure on reproduction and fetal development . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 17 : 180 – 191 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Army Environmental Policy Institute . Health and environmental consequences of depleted uranium use in the U.S. Army . 1995 . Technical report. U.S. Army Environmental Policy Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
   Google Scholar
• Baroncelli , S. , Karrer , D. and Turillazzi , P. G. 1995 . Oral bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in pregnant mice. I. Potential influence of maternal behavior on postnatal mortality . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 46 : 355 – 367 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrow , P. 1990 . Technical procedures in reproductive toxicology , London : Royal Society of Medicine Services .
   Google Scholar
• Bataineh , H. , al Hamood , M. H. , Elbetieha , A. and Bani , H. I. 1997 . Effect of long-term ingestion of chromium compounds on aggression, sex behavior and fertility in adult male rat . Drug Chem.Toxicol. , 20 : 133 – 149 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekkedal , M. Y. , Panksepp , J. and Rossi , J. 1998 . Long-term changes in rat social behavior following treatment with trimethylolpropane . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 20 : 307 – 316 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bekkedal , M. Y. , Rossi , J. III and Panksepp , J. 1999 . Fetal and neonatal exposure to trimethylolpropane phosphate alters rat social behavior and emotional responsivity . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 21 : 435 – 443 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson , K. A. 1998 . “ Fetal development effects ” . In Health effects of embedded depleted uranium fragments , Edited by: Livengood , D. R. 17 – 21 . Bethesda, MD : Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Benson , K. A. and McBride , S. A. 1997 . Uranium levles in teh fetus and placenta of female rats implanted with depleted uranium pellets prior to breeding . Toxicologist , 36 : 258
   Google Scholar
• Bleise , A. , Danesi , P. R. and Burkart , W. 2003 . Properties, use and health effects of depleted uranium (DU): A general overview . J. Environ. Radioact. , 64 : 93 – 112 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosque , M. A. , Domingo , J. L. and Corbella , J. 1992 . Embryotoxicity of uranium in mice. Variability with the day of exposure . Rev. Toxicol. , 9 : 107 – 110 .
   Google Scholar
• Bosque , M. A. , Domingo , J. L. , Llobet , J. M. and Corbella , J. 1993 . Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of uranium in mice following subcutaneous administration of uranyl acetate . Biol. Trace Elem. Res. , 36 : 109 – 118 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantaluppi , C. and Degetto , S. 2000 . Civilian and military uses of depleted uranium: Environmental and health problems . Ann. Chim. , 90 : 665 – 676 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Champagne , F. A. , Francis , D. D. , Mar , A. and Meaney , M. J. 2003 . Variations in maternal care in the rat as a mediating influence for the effects of environment on development . Physiol. Behav. , 79 : 359 – 371 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collier , R. 2003 . Iraq links cancer to uranium weapons . San Francisco Chronicle , [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Craft , E. , Abu-Qare , A. , Flaherty , M. , Garofolo , M. , Rincavrge , H. L. and Abou-Donia , M. 2004 . Depleted and natural uranium: Chemistry and toxicological effects . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 7 : 297 – 317 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidson , P. W. , Myers , G. J. and Weiss , B. 2004 . Mercury exposure and child development outcomes . Pediatrics , 113 : 1023 – 1029 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo , J. L. 2001 . Reproductive and developmental toxicity of natural and depleted uranium: A review . Reprod. Toxicol. , 15 : 603 – 609 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domingo , J. L. , Ortega , A. , Paternain , J. L. and Corbella , J. 1989 . Evaluation of the perinatal and postnatal effects of uranium in mice upon oral administration . Arch. Environ. Health , 44 : 395 – 398 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drozdiak , W. 2001 . U.S., Britian spurn allies over depleted uranium . Washington Post , : 15
   Google Scholar
• Durakovic , A. 2001 . On depleted uranium: Gulf war and Balkan syndrome . Croat. Med. J. , 42 : 130 – 134 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Exon , J. H. , Koller , L. D. , Talcott , P. A. , O'Reilly , C. A. and Henningsen , G. M. 1986 . Immunotoxicity testing: an economical multiple-assay approach . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 7 : 387 – 397 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gerhard , I. , Monga , B. , Waldbrenner , A. and Runnebaum , B. 1998 . Heavy metals and fertility . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 54 : 593 – 611 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn , F. F. , Guilmette , R. A. and Hoover , M. D. 2002 . Implanted depleted uranium fragments cause soft tissue sarcomas in the muscles of rats . Environ. Health Perspect. , 110 : 51 – 59 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofer , M. A. , Shair , H. N. and Murowchick , E. 1989 . Isolation distress and maternal comfort responses of two-week-old rat pups reared in social isolation . Dev. Psychobiol. , 22 : 553 – 566 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson , L. 2002 . Iraqi cancers, birth defects blamed on U.S. depleted uranium . Seattle Post-Intelligencer , [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Jones , A. R. 1998 . Chemical interference with sperm metabolic pathways . J. Reprod. Fertil. Suppl. , 53 : 227 – 234 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kalinich , J. F. 2003 . Environmental & occupational health depleted uranium project summary , Bethesda, MD : Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute . DOD-123.
   Google Scholar
• Kalinich , J. F. and McClain , D. E. 2001 . Staining of intracellular deposits of uranium in cultured murine macrophages . Biotech. Histochem. , 76 : 247 – 252 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinich , J. F. , Ramakrishnan , N. , Villa , V. and McClain , D. E. 2002 . Depleted uranium-uranyl chloride induces apoptosis in mouse J774 macrophages . Toxicology , 179 : 105 – 114 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kalinich , J. F. , Ramakrishnan , N. and McClain , D.E. 2004 . “ Depleted uranium-induced immunotoxicity ” . In Health effects of depleted uranium fragment , Edited by: Livengoods , D. R. 15-17 Bethesda, MD : Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute .
   Google Scholar
• Kohn , D. and Clifford , C. 2002 . “ Biology and diseases of the rat ” . In American College of Laboratory Animals medicine series , Edited by: Fox , J. G. , Anderson , L. C. , Loew , F. M. and Quimby , F. W. 121 – 158 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Leach , L. J. , Maynard , E. A. , Hodge , H. C. , Scott , J. K. , Yuile , C. L. , Sylvester , G. E. and Wilson , H. B. 1970 . A five-year inhalation study with natural uranium dioxide (UO2) dust. I. Retention and biologic effect in the monkey, dog and rat . Health Phys. , 18 : 599 – 612 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leach , L. J. , Yuile , C. L. , Hodge , H. C. , Sylvester , G. E. and Wilson , H. B. 1973 . A five-year inhalation study with natural uranium dioxide (UO2) dust. II. Postexposure retention and biologic effects in the monkey, dog and rat . Health Phys. , 25 : 239 – 258 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Livengood , D. R. 1998 . Health effects of depleted uranium fragments , Bethesda, MD : Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute . AFRRI Special Publication 98-3.
   Google Scholar
• Llobet , J. M. , Sirvent , J. J. , Ortega , A. and Domingo , J. L. 1991 . Influence of chronic exposure to uranium on male reproduction in mice . Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. , 16 : 821 – 829 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lohrke , S. M. , Stutler , S. A. , Johnson , E. W. , Miller , J. A. , Hess , R. A. , Carnes , K. , Schaeffer , D. L. and Arfsten , D. P. 2004 . Impact of methods of euthanasia on sperm motility of older adult Sprague-Dawley rats . Toxicologist , 78 : 918
   Google Scholar
• Malenchenko , A. F. , Barkun , N. A. and Guseva , G. F. 1978 . Effect of uranium on the induction and course of experimental autoimmune orchitis and thyroiditis . J. Hyg. Epidemiol. Microbiol. Immunol. , 22 : 268 – 277 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maynard , E. A. and Hodge , H. C. 1949 . “ Studies of the toxicity of various uranium compounds when fed to experimental animals ” . In Pharmacology and toxicology of uranium compounds , Edited by: Voegtlin , C. 309 – 376 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Maynard , E. A. , Downs , W. L. and Hodge , H. C. 1953 . “ Oral toxicity of uranium compounds ” . In Pharmacology and toxicology of uranium , Edited by: Voegtlin , C. and Hodge , H. C. 1221 – 1369 . New York : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• McClain , D. E. , Benson , K. A. , Dalton , T. K. , Ejnik , J. , Emond , C. A. , Hodge , S. J. , Kalinich , J. F. , Landauer , M. A. , Miller , A. C. , Pellmar , T. C. , Stewart , M. D. , Villa , V. and Xu , J. 2001 . Biological effects of embedded depleted uranium (DU): Summary of armed forces radiobiology research institute research . Sci. Total Environ. , 274 : 115 – 118 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDiarmid , M. A. , Keogh , J. P. , Hooper , F. J. , McPhaul , K. , Squibb , K. , Kane , R. , DiPino , R. , Kabat , M. , Kaup , B. , Anderson , L. , Hoover , D. , Brown , L. , Hamilton , M. , Jacobson-Kram , D. , Burrows , B. and Walsh , M. 2000 . Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans . Environ. Res. , 82 : 168 – 180 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDiarmid , M. A. , Squibb , K. , Engelhardt , S. , Oliver , M. , Gucer , P. , Wilson , P. D. , Kane , R. , Kabat , M. , Kaup , B. , Anderson , L. , Hoover , D. , Brown , L. and Jacobson-Kram , D. 2001 . Surveillance of depleted uranium exposed Gulf War veterans: Health effects observed in an enlarged cohort . J. Occup. Environ. Med. , 43 : 991 – 1000 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDiarmid , M. A. , Hooper , F. J. , Squibb , K. , McPhaul , K. , Engelhardt , S. M. , Kane , R. , DiPino , R. and Kabat , M. 2002 . Health effects and biological monitoring results of Gulf War veterans exposed to depleted uranium . Mil. Med. , 167 : 123 – 124 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDiarmid , M. A. , Engelhardt , S. , Oliver , M. , Gucer , P. , Wilson , P. D. , Kane , R. , Kabat , M. , Kaup , B. , Anderson , L. , Hoover , D. , Brown , L. , Handwerger , B. , Albertini , R. J. , Jacobson-Kram , D. , Thorne , C. D. and Squibb , K. S. 2004 . Health effects of depleted uranium on exposed Gulf War veterans: A 10-year follow-up . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 67 : 277 – 296 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , A. C. , Blakely , W. F. , Livengood , D. , Whittaker , T. , Xu , J. , Ejnik , J. W. , Hamilton , M. M. , Parlette , E. , John , T. S. , Gerstenberg , H. M. and Hsu , H. 1998a . Transformation of human osteoblast cells to the tumorigenic phenotype by depleted uranium-uranyl chloride . Environ. Health Perspect. , 106 : 465 – 471 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , A. C. , Fuciarelli , A. F. , Jackson , W. E. , Ejnik , E. J. , Emond , C. , Strocko , S. , Hogan , J. , Page , N. and Pellmar , T. 1998b . Urinary and serum mutagenicity studies with rats implanted with depleted uranium or tantalum pellets . Mutagenesis , 13 : 643 – 648 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mullen , A. L. , Bretthauer , E. W. and Stanley , R. E. 1976 . Absorption, distribution and milk secretion of radionuclides by the dairy cow—V. Radiotungsten . Health Phys. , 31 : 417 – 424 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Reilly , C. A. and Exon , J. H. 1986 . Cyclophosphamide-conditioned suppression of the natural killer cell response in rats . Physiol. Behav. , 37 : 759 – 764 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Panksepp , J. , Siviy , S. and Normansell , L. 1984 . The psychobiology of play: Theoretical and methodological perspectives . Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. , 8 : 465 – 492 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paternain , J. L. , Domingo , J. L. , Ortega , A. and Llobet , J. M. 1989 . The effects of uranium on reproduction, gestation, and postnatal survival in mice . Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety , 17 : 291 – 296 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellmar , T. C. , Fuciarelli , A. F. , Ejnik , J. W. , Hamilton , M. , Hogan , J. , Strocko , S. , Emond , C. , Mottaz , H. M. and Landauer , M. R. 1999a . Distribution of uranium in rats implanted with depleted uranium pellets . Toxicol. Sci. , 49 : 29 – 39 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellmar , T. C. , Keyser , D. O. , Emery , C. and Hogan , J. B. 1999b . Electrophysiological changes in hippocampal slices isolated from rats embedded with depleted uranium fragments . Neurotoxicology , 20 : 785 – 792 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peters , P. W. and Garbls-Berkvens , J. M. 1996 . “ Study unit 31: General reproductive toxicology ” . In Toxicology: Principles and applications , Edited by: Niesink , R. M. , de Vries , J. and Hollingers , M.A. 937 Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ross , E. Scientists say closer look at NATO ammunition used in Kosovo necessary . 2001 . Fort Worth Star-Telegram, February 3
   Google Scholar
• Rossi , J. III , Ritchie , G. D. , Nordholm , A. F. , Knechtges , P. L. , Wilson , C. L. , Lin , J. , Alexander , W. K. and Still , K. R. 2000 . Application of neurobehavioral toxicology methods to the military deployment toxicology assessment program . Drug Chem. Toxicol. , 23 : 113 – 138 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sant'Ana , M. G. , Spinosa , H. S. , Florio , J. C. , Bernardi , M. M. , Oliveira , C. A. , Sarkis , J. E. and Kakazu , M. H. 2001 . Role of early GnRH administration in sexual behavior disorders of rat pups perinatally exposed to lead . Neurotoxicol. Teratol. , 23 : 203 – 212 . [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schardein , J. L. , ed. 2000 . Chemically induced birth defects , New York : Marcel Decker .
   Google Scholar
• Schoettler , C. Toxic byproduct of fighting in Kosovo . 2001 . The Baltimore Sun, January 14
   Google Scholar
• Slott , V. L. , Linder , R. E. and Dyer , C. J. 1994 . Method of euthanasia does not affect sperm motility in the laboratory rat . Reprod. Toxicol. , 8 : 371 – 374 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein , J. , Schettler , T. , Wallinga , D. and Valenti , M. 2002 . In harm's way: Toxic threats to child development . J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. , 23 : S13 – S22 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sztajnkrycer , M. D. and Otten , E. J. 2004a . Chemical and radiological toxicity of depleted uranium . Mil. Med. , 169 : 212 – 216 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Talcott , P. A. , Koller , L. D. and Exon , J. H. 1985 . The effect of lead and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure on rat natural killer cell cytotoxicity . Int. J. Immunopharmacol. , 7 : 255 – 261 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vahter , M. , Berglund , M. , Akesson , A. and Liden , C. 2002 . Metals and women's health . Environ. Res. , 88 : 145 – 155 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vetter , C. M. , Miller , J. E. , Crawford , L. M. , Armstrong , M. J. , Clair , J. H. , Conner , M. W. , Wise , L. D. and Skopek , T. R. 1998 . Comparison of motility and membrane integrity to assess rat sperm viability . Reprod. Toxicol. , 12 : 105 – 114 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang , G. J. and Cai , L. 1999 . Relatively low-dose cyclophosphamide is likely to induce apoptotic cell death in rat thymus through Fas/Fas ligand pathway . Mutat. Res. , 427 : 125 – 133 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wier , P. J. and Rumberger , D. 1995 . Isolation of rat sperm from the vas deferens for sperm motion analysis . Reprod. Toxicol. , 9 : 327 – 330 . [PUBMED] [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson , J. G. 1973 . Environment and birth defects , New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Winslow , J. T. and Insel , T. R. 1991 . Infant rat separation is a sensitive test for novel anxiolytics . Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiat. , 15 : 745 – 757 . [CROSSREF]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar