REFERENCES
- Ambruso , D. R. , Bentwood , B. , Henson , P. R. and Johnston , R. B. 1984 . Oxidative metabolism of cord blood neutrophils: Relationship to content and degranulation of cytoplasmic granules . Pediatr. Res , 18 : 1148 – 1153 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Baccarelli , A. , Mocarelli , P. , Patterson , D. G. , Bonzini , M. , Pesatori , A. C. , Caporaso , N. and Landi , M. T. 2002 . Immunologic effects of dioxin: New results from Seveso and comparison with other studies . Environ. Health Perspect , 110 : 1169 – 1173 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Baird , D. D. , Wilcox , A. J. and Herbst , A. L. 1996 . Self-reported allergy, infection, and autoimmune diseases among men and women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol . J. Clin. Epidemiol , 49 : 263 – 266 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Baley , J. E. and Schacter , B. Z. 1985 . Mechanisms of diminished natural killer cell activity in pregnant women and neonates . J. Immunol , 134 : 3042 – 3048 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Blaylock , B. L. , Holladay , S. D. , Comment , C. E. , Heindel , J. J. and Luster , M. I. 1992 . Exposure to tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) alters fetal thymocyte maturation . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 112 : 207 – 213 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Bunn , T. L. , Parsons , P. J. , Kao , E. and Dietert , R. R. 2001 . Gender-based profiles of developmental immunotoxicity to lead in the rat: Assessment in juveniles and adults . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 64 : 101 – 118 . [CSA]
- Burns , E. A. , Lum , L. G. , L’Hommedieu , G. and Goodwin , J. S. 1995 . Specific humoral immunity in the elderly: In vivo and in vitro response to vaccination . J. Gerontol. (Biol. Sci.) , 48 : B231 – B236 . [CSA]
- Ciccimarra , F. 1994 . Fetal and neonatal immunology . J. Perinat. Med , 22 ( suppl. 1 ) : 84 – 87 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Dean , J. H. , Luster , M. I. , Boorman , G. A. , Luebke , R. W. and Lauer , L. D. 1980 . The effect of adult exposure to diethylstilbestrol in the mouse: Alterations in tumor susceptibility and host resistance parameters . J. Reticuloendothel. Soc , 28 : 571 – 583 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Descotes , J. , Tedone , R. and Evreux , J. C. 1982 . Suppression of humoral and cellular immunity in normal mice by diazepam . Immunol. Lett , 5 : 41 – 43 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Descotes , J. , Laschi , A. , Tachon , P. , Tedone , R. and Evreux , J. C. 1982–1983 . Effects of variations in time and dose of diazepam injection on delayed hypersensitivity . J. Immunopharmacol , 4 : 279 – 284 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Dostal , M. , Benesova , O. , Tejkalova , H. and Soukupova , D. 1995 . Immune response of adult rats is altered by administration of diazepam in the first postnatal week . Reprod. Toxicol , 9 : 115 – 121 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Faith , R. E. and Moore , J. A. 1977 . Impairment of thymus-dependent immune functions by exposure of the developing immune system to 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 3 : 451 – 464 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Gehrs , B. C. and Smialowicz , R. J. 1999 . Persistent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity in adult F344 rats after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Toxicology , 134 : 79 – 88 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Gehrs , B. C. , Riddle , M. M. , Williams , W. C. and Smialowicz , R. J. 1997a . Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. I. Effects on the fetus and the neonate . Toxicology , 122 : 219 – 228 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Gehrs , B. C. , Riddle , M. M. , Williams , W. C. and Smialowicz , R. J. 1997b . Alterations in the developing immune system of the F344 rat after perinatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. II. Effects on the pup and the adult . Toxicology , 122 : 229 – 240 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Glaser , R. and Kiecolt-Glaser , J. K. 1998 . Stress-associated immune modulation: Relevance to viral infections and chronic fatigue syndrome . Am. J. Med , 105 : 35S – 42S . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Holladay , S. D. and Smialowicz , R. J. 2000 . Development of the murine and human immune system: Differential effects of immunotoxicants depend on time of exposure . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 ( suppl. 3 ) : 463 – 473 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Holsapple , M. P. 2003 . Developmental immunotoxicity testing: A review . Toxicology , 185 : 193 – 203 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Kalland , T. 1980 . Alterations of antibody responses in female mice after neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol . J. Immunol , 124 : 194 – 198 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Kalland , T. 1984 . Exposure of neonatal female mice to diethylstilbestrol persistently impairs NK activity through reduction of effector cells at the bone marrow level . Immunopharmacology , 7 : 127 – 134 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Kalland , T. and Forsberg , J.-G. 1978 . Delayed hypersensitivity responses to oxazolone in neonatally estrogenized mice . Cancer Lett , 4 : 141 – 146 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Kalland , T. , Strand , O. and Forsberg , J.-G. 1979 . Long-term effects of neonatal estrogen treatment on mitogen responsiveness of mouse spleen lymphocytes . J. Natl. Cancer Inst , 63 : 413 – 421 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Karmaus , W. , Kuehr , J. and Kruse , H. 2001 . Infections and atopic disorders in childhood and organochlorine exposure . Arch. Environ. Health , 56 : 485 – 492 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Kiecolt-Glaser , J. K. , Glaser , R. , Gravenstein , S. , Malarkey , W. B. and Sheridan , J. 1996 . Chronic stress alters the immune response to influenza virus vaccine in older adults . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 93 : 3043 – 3047 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Koller , L. D. , Exon , J. H. and Norbury , K. C. 1983 . Induction of humoral immunity to protein antigen without adjuvant in rats exposed to immunosuppressive chemicals . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health , 12 : 173 – 181 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Laschi , A. , Descotes , J. , Tachon , P. and Evreux , J. C. 1983 . Adverse influence of diazepam upon resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in mice . Toxicol. Lett , 16 : 281 – 284 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Levy , O. , Martin , S. , Eichenwald , E. , Ganz , T. , Valore , E. , Carroll , S. F. , Lee , K. , Goldman , D. and Thorne , G. M. 1999 . Impaired innate immunity in the newborn: Newborn neutrophils are deficient in bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein . Pediatrics , 104 : 1327 – 1333 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Livezey , G. T. , Marczynski , T. J. , McGrew , E. A. and Beluhan , F. Z. 1986 . Prenatal exposure to diazepam: Later postnatal teratogenic effect . Neurobehav. Toxicol. Teratol , 8 : 433 – 440 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Lord , J. M. , Butcher , S. , Killampali , V. , Lascelles , D. and Salmon , M. 2001 . Neutrophil ageing and immunesenescence . Mech. Ageing Dev , 122 : 1521 – 1535 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Lu , Y. C. and Wu , Y. C. 1985 . Clinical findings and immunological abnormalities in Yu-Cheng patients . Environ. Health Perspect , 59 : 17 – 29 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Luebke , R. W. , Luster , M. I. , Dean , J. H. and Hayes , H. T. 1984 . Altered host resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection following subchronic exposure to diethylstilbestrol . Int. J. Immunopharmacol , 6 : 609 – 617 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Luebke , R. W. , Copeland , C. B. and Andrews , D. L. 1999 . Effects of aging on resistance to Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Toxicology , 136 : 15 – 26 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Luster , M. I. , Faith , R. E. , McLachlan , J. A. and Clark , G. C. 1979 . Effect of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol on the immune response in mice . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 47 : 279 – 285 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Luster , M. I. , Boorman , G. A. , Dean , J. H. , Harris , M. W. , Luebke , R. W. , Padarathsingh , M. L. and Moore , J. A. 1980 . Examination of bone marrow, immunologic parameters and host susceptibility following pre- and postnatal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) . Int. J. Immunopharmacol , 2 : 301 – 310 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Luster , M. I. , Dean , J. H. and Germolec , D. R. 2003 . Consensus workshop on methods to evaluate developmental immunotoxicity . Environ. Health Perspect , 111 : 579 – 583 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Lutz , P. M. , Wilson , T. J. , Ireland , J. , Jones , A. L. , Gorman , J. S. , Gale , N. L. , Johnson , J. C. and Hewett , J. E. 1999 . Elevated immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in children with exposure to environmental lead . Toxicology , 134 : 63 – 78 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- McCabe , M. J. Jr. , Singh , K. P. and Reiner , J. J. Jr. 1999 . Lead intoxication impairs the generation of a delayed type hypersensitivity response . Toxicology , 139 : 255 – 264 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Miller , T. E. , Golemboski , K. A. , Ha , R. S. , Bunn , T. L. , Sanders , F. S. and Dietert , R. R. 1998 . Developmental exposure to lead causes persistent immunotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats . Toxicol. Sci , 42 : 129 – 135 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Mocarelli , P. , Marocchi , A. , Brambilla , P. , Gerthoux , P. , Young , D. S. and Mantel , N. 1986 . Clinical laboratory manifestations of exposure to dioxin in children, a six year study of the effects of an environmental disaster near Seveso, Italy . J. Am. Med. Assoc , 256 : 2687 – 2695 . [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Muller , S. , Gillert , K. E. , Krause , C. , Gross , U. , Age-Stehr , J. L. and Diamanstein , T. 1977 . Suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity of mice by lead . Experientia , 33 : 667 – 668 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Nakanishi , Y. , Shigematsu , N. , Kurita , Y. , Matsuba , K. , Kanegae , H. , Ishimaru , S. and Kawazoe , Y. 1985 . Respiratory involvement and immune status in Yusho patients . Environ. Health Perspect , 59 : 31 – 36 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- National Research Council . 1993 . Pesticides in the diets of infants and children , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .
- Pocchiari , F. , Silano , V. and Zampieri , A. 1979 . Human health effects from accidental release of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at Seveso, Italy . Ann. NY Acad. Sci , 320 : 311 – 320 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Price , H. V. , Salaman , J. R. , Laurence , K. M. and Langmaid , H. 1976 . Immunosuppressive drugs and the fetus . Transplantation , 21 : 294 – 298 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Schlumpf , M. , Ramseier , H. and Lichtensteiger , W. 1989 . Prenatal diazepam induced persisting depression of cellular immune responses . Life Sci , 44 : 493 – 501 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Schlumpf , M. , Lichtensteiger , W. and van Loveren , H. 1994 . Impaired host resistance to Trichinella spiralis as a consequence of prenatal treatment of rats with diazepam . Toxicology , 94 : 223 – 230 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Smialowicz , R. J. , Riddle , M. M. , Rogers , R. R. , Luebke , R. W. and Copeland , C. B. 1989 . Immunotoxicity of tributyltin oxide in rats exposed as adults or pre-weanlings . Toxicology , 57 : 97 – 111 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Smialowicz , R. J. , Riddle , M. M. , Williams , W. C. and Diliberto , J. J. 1994 . Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on humoral immunity and lymphocyte subpopulations: Differences between mice and rats . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 124 : 248 – 256 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Stiehm , E. R. and Fudenberg , H. H. 1966 . Serum levels if immune globulins in health and disease . Pediatrics , 37 : 715 – 727 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Tendron , A. , Gouyon , J.-B. and Decramer , S. 2002 . In utero exposure to immunosuppressive drugs: Experimental and clinical studies . Pediat. Nephrol , 17 : 121 – 130 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Tributyltin oxide (TBTO). 1997. CASRN 56-25-9. Integrated Risk Information System, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. September 1
- Vos , J. G. and Moore , J. A. 1974 . Suppression of cellular immunity in rats and mice by maternal treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Int. Allergy Appl. Immunol , 47 : 777 – 794 . [CSA]
- Vos , J. G. , DeKlerk , A. , Krajnc , E. I. , van Loveren , H. and Rozing , J. 1990 . Immunotoxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat: Effects on thymus-dependent immunity and on nonspecific resistance following long-term exposure in young versus aged rats . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol , 105 : 144 – 155 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Weksler , M. E. 2000 . Changes in the B-cell repertoire with age . Vaccine , 18 : 1624 – 1628 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Weisglas-Kuperus , N. , Patandin , S. , Berbers , G. A. , Sas , T. C. , Mulder , P. G. , Sauer , P. J. and Hooijkaas , H. 2000 . Immunologic effects of background exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins in Dutch preschool children . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 : 1203 – 1207 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
- Whalen , M. M. , Loganathan , B. G. and Kannan , K. 1999 . Immunotoxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of butyltins on human natural killer cells in vitro . Environ. Res , 81 : 108 – 116 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Whalen , M. M. , Green , S. A. and Loganathan , B. G. 2002 . Brief butyltin exposure induces irreversible inhibition of the cytotoxic function on human natural killer cells, in vitro . Environ. Res , 88 : 19 – 29 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]
- Wilson , C. B. 1986 . Immunologic basis for increased susceptibility of the neonate to infection . J. Pediatr , 108 : 1 – 12 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CROSSREF] [CSA]