Comparative in Vitro Toxicity of Grape- and Citrus-Farm DustsFootnote*

*The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.

REFERENCES

• American Thoracic Society (ATS) Committee of the Scientific Assembly on Environmental and Occupational Health . 1997 . Adverse effects of crystalline silica exposure . Am. J. Crit. Care Med , 155 : 761 – 768 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society (ATS) . 1998 . Respiratory health hazards in agriculture . Am. J. Crit. Care Med , 158 : S1 – S76 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atiemo , M. A. , Yoshida , K. and Zoerb , G. C . 1992 . Dust measurements in tractor and combine cabs . Trans. ASAE , : 571 – 576 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Brackbill , R. M. , Cameron , L. L. and Behrens , V . 1994 . Prevalence of chronic diseases and impairments among US farmers. 1986–1990 . Am. J. Epidemiol , 139 : 1055 – 1065 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brain , J. D . 1992 . Short-term in vitro and in vivo bioassays: their role in estimating the toxic potential of inhaled complex mixtures for humans . Cell. Biol. Toxicol , 8 : 123 – 132 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brambilla , C. , Abraham , J. , Brambilla , E. , Benirschke , K. and Bloor , C . 1979 . Comparative pathology of silicate pneumoconiosis . Am. J. Pathol , 96 : 149 – 170 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunauer , S. P. , Emmett , P. H. and Teller , E. T . 1938 . Adsorption of gases in multi-molecular layers . J. Am. Chem. Soc , 60 : 309 [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castranova , V . 2004 . Signaling pathways controlling the production of inflammatory mediators in response to crystalline silica exposure: role of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species . Free Radical Biol. Med , 37 : 916 – 925 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castranova , V. and Vallyathan , V . 2000 . Silicosis and coal workers' pneumoconiosis . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 : 675 – 684 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , F. , Lu , Y. , Demers , L. M. , Rojanasakul , Y. , Shi , X. , Vallyathan , V. and Castranova , V . 1998 . Role of hydroxyl radical in silica-induced Nf-kB activation in macrophages . Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci , 28 : 1 – 13 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corbett , J. T . 1989 . The scopoletin assay for hydrogen peroxide. A review and a better method . J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods , 4 : 297 – 307 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Ding , M. , Shi , X. , Lu , Y. , Huang , C. , Leonard , S. , Roberts , J. , Antonini , J. , Castranova , V. and Vallyathan , V . 2001 . Induction of activator protein-1 through reactive oxygen species by crystalline silica in JB6 cells . J. Biol. Chem , 276 : 9108 – 9114 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding , M. , Chen , F. , Shi , X. , Yucesoy , B. , Mossman , B. and Valllyathan , V . 2002 . Diseases caused by silica: Mechanisms of injury and disease development . Int. Immunopharmacol , 2 : 173 – 182 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dynnik , V. I. , Khzhniakova , L. N. , Baranenko , A. A. , Makotchenko , V. M. and Okseniuk , I. M . 1981 . Silicosis in tractor drivers working on sandy soils on tree farms . Gig. Tr. Prof. Zabol , 12 : 26 – 28 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Fennerty , A. A. , Hunter , A. M. , Smith , A. P. and Pooley , F. D . 1993 . Silicosis in a Pakistani farmer . Br. Med. J , 287 : 648 – 649 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Fruebis , J. , Parthasarathy , S. and Steinberg , D . 1992 . Evidence for a concerted reaction between lipid hydroperoxides and polypeptides . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci , 89 : 10588 – 10592 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galter , D. , Sabine , M. I. H. M. and Droge , W . 1994 . Distinct effects of glutathione disulphide on the nuclear transcription factor kB and the activator protein-1 . Eur. J. Biochem , 221 : 639 – 648 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gamsky , T. E. , McCurdy , S. A. , Samuels , S. J. and Schenker , M. B . 1992a . Reduced FVC among California grape workers . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , 146 : 257 – 262 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Gamsky , T. E. , Schenker , M. B. , McCurdy , S. A. and Samuels , S. J . 1992b . Smoking, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary function among a population of Hispanic farm workers . Chest , 101 : 1361 – 1368 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gylseth , B. , Stettler , L. , Mowe , G. , Skaug , V. and Lexow , P . 1984 . A striking deposition of mineral particles in the lungs of a farmer: a case report . Am. J. Ind. Med , 6 : 231 – 240 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , F. H. Y. , Yoshida , K. , Fick , G. , Paul , J. , High , A. and Green , W. F . 1990 . Characterization of airborne mineral dust associated with farming activities in rural Alberta . Can. Int. Occup. Environ. Health , 62 : 423 – 430 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayashi , T. , Ueno , Y. and Okamoto . 1993 . Oxidoreductive regulation of nuclear factor kB. Involvement of a cellular reducing catalyst thioredoxin . J. Biol. Chem , 268 : 11380 – 11388 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang , J. L. , Go , H. Y. , Hur , C. K. and Castranova , V . 2000 . Silica-induced nuclear factor-kB activation involvement of reactive oxygen species and protein tyrosine kinase activation . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 6 : 27 – 46 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Kirkhorn , S. R. and Garry , V. F . 2000 . Agricultural lung diseases . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 : 705 – 712 . Suppl. 4[INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , K. , Lawson , R. J. , Olenchock , S. A. , Vallyathan , V. , Southard , R. J. , Thorne , P. S. , Saiki , C. and Schenker , M. B . 2004 . Personal exposures to inorganic and organic dust in manual harvest of California citrus and table grapes . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 8 : 505 – 514 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• LeVan , T. D. , Von Essen , S. , Romberger , D. J. , Lambert , P. , Martinez , F. D. , Vasquez , M. M. and Merchant , J. A . 2005 . Polymorphisms in the CD14 gene associated with pulmonary function in farmers . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 171 : 773 – 779 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manning , C. B. , Vallyathan , V. and Mossman , B. T . 2002 . Diseases caused by asbestos: Mechanisms of injury and disease development . Int. Immunopharmacol , 2 : 191 – 200 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McLean , L. R. , Hagaman , K. A. and Davidson , W. S . 1993 . Role of lipid structure in the activation of phospholipase A2 by peroxidized phospholipids . Lipids , 28 : 505 – 509 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCurdy , S. A. , Ferguson , T. J. , Goldsmith , D. F. , Parker , J. E. and Schenker , M. B . 1996 . Respiratory health of California rice farmers . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 153 : 1553 – 1559 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monso , E. , Schenker , M. , Radon , K. , Riu , E. , Magarolas , R. , McCurdy , S. , Danuser , B. , Iversen , M. , Saiki , C. and Nowak , D . 2003 . Region-related risk factors for respiratory symptoms in European and Californian farmers . Eur. Respir. J , 21 : 323 – 331 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuijsen , M. J. , Schenker , M. B. , Samuels , S. J. , Farrr , J. A. and Green , R. S . 1996 . Exposure to dust, noise and pesticides, their determinants and the use of protective equipment among California farm operators . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 11 : 1217 – 1225 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuijsen , M. J. , Kruize , H. and Schenker , M. B . 1998 . Exposure to dust and its particle size distribution in California agriculture . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 59 : 34 – 38 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieuwenhuijsen , M. J. , Noderer , N. S. , Schenker , M. B. , Vallyathan , V. and Olenchock , S . 1999 . Personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica in California agriculture . Ann. Occup. Hyg , 43 : 35 – 42 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NIOSH. 1994. NIOSH manual of analytical methods, 4th ed., Department of Human Health Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
   Google Scholar
• Omland , O . 2002 . Exposure and respiratory health in farming in temperate zones—A review of the literature . Ann. Agric. Environ. Med , 9 : 119 – 136 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinkerton , K. E. , Green , F. H. Y. , Saiki , C. , Vallyathan , V. , Plopper , C. G. , Gopal , V. , Hung , D. , Bahne , E. B. , Lin , S. S. , Menache , M. G. and Schenker , M. B . 2000 . Distribution of particulate matter and tissue remodeling in the human lung . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 : 1063 – 1069 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajini , P. , Last , J. A. , McCurdy , S. A. , Lawson , R. , Southard , R. J. , Allamneni , K. P. and Witschi , H . 1995 . Lung injury and fibrogenic response to dusts from citrus and grape harvests . Inhal. Toxicol , 7 : 363 – 376 . [CSA]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman , I . 2004 . “ Smoking-induced inflammation, injury, and disease: Molecular mechanisms ” . In Oxygen/ nitrogen radicals, lung injury and disease , Edited by: Vallyathan , V. , Castranova , V. and Shi , X. 211 – 255 . New York : Marcel Dekker .
   Google Scholar
• Roberts , L. J. and Morrow , J. D . 2000 . Measurement of F2-isoprostanes as an index of oxidative stress in vivo . Free Radical Biol. Med , 28 : 505 – 513 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roth , C. B. , Jackson , M. L. and Syers , J. K . 1969 . “ Deferration effect on structural ferrous–ferric iron ration and CES of vermiculites and soils ” . In Clays and clays minerals , Vol. 17 , 253 – 264 . Pergamon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schenker , M . 1998 . Respiratory health hazards in agriculture . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 158 : S1 – S76 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenker , M . 2000 . Exposure and health effects from inorganic agricultural dusts . Environ. Health Perspect , 108 : 661 – 664 . suppl. 4[INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schins , R. P. , Knaapen , A. M. , Cakmak , G. D. , Shi , T. , Weishaupt , C. and Borm , P. J . 2002 . Oxidant-induced DNA damage by quartz in alveiolar epithelial cells . Mutat. Res , 27 : 77 – 86 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Sherwin , R. P. , Barman , M. L. and Abraham , J. L . 1979 . Silicate pneumoconiosis of farm workers . Lab. Invest , 40 : 576 – 582 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shi , X. , Castranova , V. , Halliwell , B. and Vallyathan , V . 1998 . Reactive oxygen species and silica-induced carcinogenesis . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 1 : 181 – 197 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrivastava , A. and Agarwal , B. B . 1999 . Antioxidants differentially regulate activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, activator protein-1, c-jun amino-terminal kinases, and apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor: Evidence that JNK and NF-kappa B activation are not linked to apoptosis . Antioxidant Redox Signal , 1 : 181 – 191 . [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stettler , L. E. , Platek , S. F. , Riley , R. D. , Mastin , J. P. and Simon , S. D . 1991 . Lung particulate burdens of subjects from Cincinnati, Ohio urban area . Scan. Microsc , 5 : 85 – 92 . [CSA]
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vallyathan , V. , Schwegler , D. , Reasor , M. , Stettler , L. , Clere , J. and Green , F. H. Y . 1988 . Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity and relative pathogenicity of mineral dusts . Ann. Occup. Hyg , 32 : 279 – 289 . [CSA]
   Google Scholar
• Vallyathan , V. , Mega , J. F. , Shi , X. and Dalal , N. S . 1992 . Enhanced generation of free radicals from phagocytes induced by mineral dusts . Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol , 6 : 404 – 413 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vallyathan , V. , Castranova , V. , Pack , D. , Leonard , S. , Shumaker , J. , Hubbs , A. F. , Shoemaker , D. A. , Ramsey , D. M. , Pretty , J. R. and McLaurin , J. L . 1995 . Freshly fractured quartz inhalation leads to enhanced lung injury and inflammation. Potential role of free radicals . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 152 : 1003 – 1009 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Scott , M. R. , Miles , P. R. and Castranova , V . 1984 . Direct measurement of hydrogen peroxide release from rat alveolar macrophages: Artifactual effect of horseradish peroxidase . Exp. Lung Res , 6 : 103 – 114 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA]
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar