Dermal Exposure to Beryllium: A Pilot Case Study

REFERENCES

• ATSDR . 2002 . Toxicological profile for beryllium (Update) , Atlanta, GA : Department of Health & Human Services . Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
   Google Scholar
• Belman , S. 1969 . Beryllium binding of epidermal constituents . J. Occup. Med , 11 : 175 – 183 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Day , G. A. , Stefaniak , A. B. , Weston , A. and Tinkle , S. S. 2005 . Beryllium exposure: dermal and immunological considerations . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 79 : 161 – 164 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deubner , D. C. , Lowney , Y. W. , Pastenbach , D. J. and Warmerdam , J. 2001 . Contribution of incidental exposure pathways to total beryllium exposures . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 16 : 568 – 578 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eisenbud , M. and Lisson , J. 1983 . Epidemiological aspects of beryllium induced nonmalignant lung disease: A 30-year update . J. Occup. Med , 25 : 196 – 202 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eisenbud , M. 1998 . The standard for control of chronic beryllium disease . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 13 : 25 – 31 .
   Google Scholar
• Falcy, M. 2003. Béryllium et composés. Encycl. Méd. Chir. Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS, Paris. Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 16-002-B-10.
   Google Scholar
• Kreiss , K. , Mroz , M. , Zhen , B. , Wiedemann , H. and Barna , B. 1997 . Risks of beryllium disease related to work processes at a metal, alloy, and oxide production plant . Occup. Environ. Med , 54 : 605 – 612 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kreiss , K. , Mroz , M. M. , Newman , L. S. , Martyny , J. and Zhen , B. 1996 . Machining risk of beryllium disease and sensitization with median exposures below 2 μg/m3 . Am. J. Ind. Med , 30 : 16 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCawley , M. A. , Kent , M. S. and Berakis , M. T. 2001 . Ultra fine beryllium number concentration as a possible metric for chronic beryllium disease risk . Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg , 16 : 631 – 638 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Faune du Québec. 1996. Guide technique pour la réalisation des analyses préliminaires des risques toxicologiques.Direction des laboratoires, MEF
   Google Scholar
• Muller , C. , L’Espérance , G. , Plamondon , P. , Kennedy , G. and Zayed , J. in press . J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. , submitted
   Google Scholar
• Newman , L. S. , Mroz , M. M. , Balkissoon , R. and Maier , L. A. 2005 . Beryllium sensitization progresses to chronic beryllium disease: A longitudinal study of disease risk . Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , 171 : 54 – 60 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. 2003.  Air Toxics Hot Spots Program risk assessment guidelines: The Air Toxics Hot Spots Program guidance manual for preparation of health risk assessments. OEHHA, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland [Online]. http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/hot_spots/pdf/HRAfinalnoapp.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Petzow , G. and Zorn , H. 1974 . Toxicology of Beryllium-containing substances . Chem Ztg , 98 : 236 – 241 . (in German)
   Google Scholar
• Rouleau , M. , Dion , C. , Plamondon , P. , L’Espérance , G. and Zayed , J. 2005 . Physical and chemical characterization of beryllium particles from several workplaces in Québec (Canada)–Part B: Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 68 : 1907 – 1916 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stefaniak , A. B. , Hoover , M. D. , Dickerson , R. M. , Peterson , E. J. , Day , G. A. , Breysse , P. N. , Kent , M. S. and Scripsick , R. C. 2003 . Surface area of respirable beryllium metal, oxide, and copper alloy aerosols and implications for assessment of exposure risk of chronic beryllium disease . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J , 64 : 297 – 305 .
   Google Scholar
• Stefaniak , A. B. , Hoover , M. D. , Day , G. A. , Dickerson , R. M. , Peterson , E. J. , Kent , M. S. , Schuler , C. R. , Breysse , P. N. and Scripsick , R. C. 2004 . Characterization of physicochemical properties of beryllium aerosols associated with prevalence of chronic beryllium disease . J. Environ. Monit , 6 : 523 – 532 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinkle , S. S. , Antonini , J. M. , Rich , B. A. , Roberts , J. R. , Salmen , R. , DePree , K. and Adkins , E. A. 2003 . Skin as a route of exposure and sensitisation in chronic beryllium disease . Environ. Heath Perspect , 111 : 1202 – 1208 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 1992 . Dermal exposure assessment: Principles and application (Interim report) , Washington, DC : Exposure Assessment Group . Office of Health and Assessment. EPA/600/8–91/011B.
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. Exposure factors handbook, vols. 1, 2, and 3. Washington, DC: Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment. http://www.epa.gov/ncea/exposfac.htm
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. KOWWIN. Software distributed by US EPA, v. 1.67. http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/exposure/docs/episuite.htm
   Google Scholar
• Williams , W. J. , Williams , W. R. , Kelland , D. and Holt , P. J. A. . Beryllium skin disease. Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders . Proceedings from the XI th World Congress on Sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders . 1987 , Milan. pp. 689 – 69 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science . International Congress series 756
   Google Scholar