Age-Dependent Partition Coefficients for a Mixture of Volatile Organic Solvents in Sprague-Dawley Rats and Humans

REFERENCES

• Avery , G. B. 1981 . Neonatology: Pathophysiology and management of the newborn , 2nd , 1175 – 1177 . Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott .
   Google Scholar
• Beliveau , M. and Krishnan , K. 2000 . Estimation of rat blood:air partition coefficients of volatile organic chemicals using reconstituted mixtures of blood components . Toxicol. Lett. , 116 : 183 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beliveau , M. , Charest-Tardif , G. and Krishnan , K. 2001 . Blood:air partition coefficients of individual and mixtures of trihalomethanes . Chemosphere , 44 : 377 – 381 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu , W. A. and White , P. 2006 . Steady-state solutions to PBPK models and their applications to risk assessment I: Route-to-route extrapolation of volatile chemicals . Risk Anal. , 26 : 769 – 780 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clewell , H. J. , Gentry , P. R. , Covington , T. R. , Sarangapani , R. and Teeguarden , J. G. 2004 . Evaluation of the potential impact of age- and gender-specific pharmacokinetic differences on tissue dosimetry . Toxicol. Sci. , 79 : 381 – 393 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dills , R. L. , Ackerlund , W. S. , Kalman , D. A. and Morgan , M. S. 1994 . Inter-individual variability in blood/air partitioning of volatile organic compounds and correlation with blood chemistry . J. Expos. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. , 4 : 229 – 245 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fisher , J. , Mahle , D. , Bankston , L. , Greene , R. and Gearhart , J. 1997 . Lactational transfer of volatile chemicals in breast milk . Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. , 58 : 425 – 431 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gargas , M. L. , Burgess , R. J. , Voisard , D. E. , Cason , G. H. and Andersen , M. E. 1989 . Partition coefficients of low-molecular-weight volatile chemicals in various liquids and tissues . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 98 : 87 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearhart , J. M. , Mahle , D. A. , Greene , R. J. , Seckel , C. S. , Flemming , C. D. , Fisher , J. W. and Clewell , H. J. 1993 . Variability of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model parameters and their effects on PBPK model predictions in a risk assessment for perchloroethylene (PCE) . Toxicol. Lett. , 68 : 131 – 144 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gentry , P. R. , Covington , T. R. and Clewell , H. J. 2003 . Evaluation of the potential impact of pharmacokinetic differences on tissue dosimetry in offspring during pregnancy and lactation . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 38 : 1 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsberg , G. L. , Hattis , D. , Russ , A. and Sonawane , B. 2004 . Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of caffeine and theophylline in neonates and adults: Implications for assessing children's risks from environmental agents . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 67 : 297 – 329 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ginsberg , G. L. , Perkovich-Foos , B. and Firestone , M. P. 2005 . Review and analysis of inhalation dosimetry methods for application to children's risk assessment . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 68 : 573 – 615 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansch , C. , Leo , A. and Hoekman , D. H. 1995 . Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, electronic and steric constants , Washington, DC : American Chemical Society .
   Google Scholar
• Hattis , D. , Goble , R. and Chu , M. 2005 . Age related differences in susceptibility to carcinogenesis. II. Approaches for application and uncertainty analyses for individual genetically acting carcinogens . Environ. Health Perspect. , 113 : 509 – 516 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lam , C.-W. , Galen , T. J. , Boyd , J. F. and Pierson , D. L. 1990 . Mechanism of transport and distribution of organic solvents in blood . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 104 : 117 – 129 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman , J. , Gregory , G. A. , Willis , M. M. and Eger , E. I. 1984 . Age and solubility of volatile anesthetics in blood . Anesthesiology , 61 : 139 – 143 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lerman , J. , Schmitt-Bantel , B. I. , Gregory , G. A. , Willis , M. M. and Eger , E. I. 1986 . Effect of age on the solubility of volatile anesthetics in human tissues . Anesthesiology , 65 : 307 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malviya , S. and Lerman , J. 1990 . The blood/gas solubilities of sevoflurane, isoflurane, halothane and serum constituent concentrations in neonates and adults . Anesthesiology , 72 : 793 – 796 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirfazaelian , A. , Kim , K.-B. , Sookwang , L. , Kim , H. J. , Bruckner , J. V. and Fisher , J. W. 2007 . Organ growth functions in maturing male Sprague-Dawley rats . J. Toxicol. Environ Health A. , 70 : 429 – 438 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , M. P. and Kenny , L. C. 2002 . Comparison of models for the estimation of biological partition coefficients . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 65 : 897 – 931 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelekis , M. and Krishnan , K. 2004 . Magnitude and mechanistic determinants of the interspecies toxicokinetic uncertainty factor for organic chemicals . Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 40 : 264 – 271 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pelekis , M. , Gephart , L. A. and Lerman , S. E. 2001 . Physiological-model-based derivation of the adult and child pharmacokinetic intraspecies uncertainty factors for volatile organic compounds . Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. , 33 : 12 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulin , P. and Krishnan , K. 1996 . A tissue composition-based algorithm for predicting tissue:air partition coefficients of organic chemicals . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 136 : 126 – 130 . Erratum in: Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 140:521–522 (1996)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price , K. , Haddad , S. and Krishnan , K. 2003 . Physiological modeling of age-specific changes in the pharmacokinetics of organic chemicals in children . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 66 : 417 – 433 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramsey , J. C. and Andersen , M. E. 1984 . A physiologically based description of the inhalation pharmacokinetics of styrene in rats and humans . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 73 : 159 – 175 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriguez , C. E. , Mahle , D. A. , Gearhart , J. M. , Mattie , D. R. , Lipscomb , J. C. , Cook , R. S. and Barton , H. A. 2007 . Predicting age-dependent pharmacokinetics of six volatile organic compounds in the rat utilizing physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling . Tox. Sci. , 98 : 43 – 56 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarangapani , R. , Gentry , P. R. , Covington , T. R. , Teeguarden , J. G. and Clewell , H. J. 2003 . Evaluation of the potential impact of age- and gender-specific lung morphology and ventilation rate on the dosimetry of vapors . Inhal. Toxicol. , 15 : 987 – 1016 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sato , A. and Nakajima , T. 1979 . Partition coefficients of some aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones in water, blood and oil . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 36 : 231 – 234 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schmucker , D. L. and Vesell , E. S. 1999 . Are the elderly underrepresented in clinical drug trials? . J. Clin. Pharmacol. , 39 : 1103 – 1108 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas , R. S. , Yang , R. S. , Morgan , D. G. , Moorman , M. P. , Kermani , H. R. , Sloane , R. A. , O'Connor , R. .W. , Adkins , B. , Gargas , M. L. and Andersen , M. E. 1996 . PBPK modeling/Monte Carlo simulation of methylene chloride kinetic changes in mice in relation to age and acute, subchronic and chronic inhalation exposure . Environ. Health Perspect. , 104 : 858 – 865 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 1994 . Methods for derivation of inhalation reference concentrations and application of inhalation dosimetry , Washington, DC : U.S. EPA. EPA/600/8–90/066F .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2005a . Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment , Washington, DC : U.S. EPA. EPA/630/P-03/001B .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2005b . Supplemental guidance for assessing susceptibility from early-life exposure to carcinogens , Washington, DC : U.S. EPA. EPA/630/R-03/003F .
   Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . 2006 . Multi-route exposures and internal doses of trihalomethane compounds in humans from drinking water , Washington, DC : U.S. EPA. EPA/600/R-06/087 .
   Google Scholar