303
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Local Sources of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) in Russian and Norwegian Settlements on Spitsbergen Island, Norway

, , &
Pages 284-294 | Published online: 30 Jan 2009

REFERENCES

  • AMAP . 2004 . AMAP assessment 2002: Persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic , Oslo, , Norway : Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) .
  • Andersson , M. , Ottesen , R. T. and Volden , T. 2004 . Building materials as a source of PCB pollution in Bergen, Norway . Sci. Total Environ. , 325 : 139 – 144 .
  • Bogen , J. and B⊘nsnes , T. E. 2003 . Erosion and sediment transport in High Arctic rivers, Svalbard . Polar Res. , 22 : 175 – 189 .
  • Braathen , M. , Derocher , A. E. , Wiig , Ø. , S⊘rmo , E. G. , Lie , E. , Skaare , J. U. and Jenssen , B. M. 2004 . Relationships between PCBs and thyroid hormones and retinol in female and male polar bears . Environ. Health Perspect. , 112 : 826 – 833 .
  • Breedveld , G. Terrestriske bakgrunnsverdier i Longyearbyen (Terrestrial background levels in Longyearbyen) , Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), The Governor of Svalbard, Document no. 994070–5. (in Norwegian) . 2000
  • Carroll , J. , Savinov , V. , Savinova , T. , Dahle , S. , McCrea , R. and Muir , D. C. G. 2008 . PCBs, PBDEs and pesticides released to the Arctic Ocean by the Russian Rivers Ob and Yenisei . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 42 : 69 – 74 .
  • Dietz , R. , Riget , F. F. , Sonne , C. , Letcher , R. , Born , E. W. and Muir , D. C. G. 2004 . Seasonal and temporal trends in polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus), 1990–2001 . Sci. Total Environ. , 331 : 107 – 124 .
  • Evenset , A. , Christensen , G. N. and Palerud , R. Milj⊘gifter i marine sedimenter, Isfjorden, Svalbard 2005 (Pollutants in marine sediments, Isfjorden, Svalbard 2005). Oslo . Akvaplan-NIVA report APN-414.3341. (in Norwegian) . 2006 .
  • Henriksen , E. O. , Gabrielsen , G. W. , Skaare , J. U. , Skjegstad , N. and Jenssen , B. M. 1998 . Relationships between PCB levels, hepatic EROD activity and plasma retinol in glaucous gulls . Larus hyperboreus. Mar. Environ. Res. , 46 : 45 – 49 .
  • Herrick , R. F. , McClean , M. D. , Meeker , J. D. , Baxter , L. K. and Weymouth , G. A. 2004 . An unrecognized source of PCB contamination in schools and other buildings . Environ. Health Perspect. , 112 : 1051 – 1053 .
  • Hop , H. , Sagerup , K. , Schlabach , M. and Gabrielsen , G. W. Persistent organic pollutants in marine macro-benthos near urban settlements on Svalbard; Longyearbyen, Pyramiden, Barentsburg and Ny-Ålesund . Norsk Polarinstitutt report no. 8, Troms⊘, Norway . 2001 .
  • Ishikawa , Y. , Noma , Y. , Yamamoto , T. , Mori , Y. and Sakai , S. 2007 . PCB decomposition and formation in thermal treatment plant equipment . Chemosphere , 67 : 1383 – 1393 .
  • Jartun , M. , Ottesen , R.T. , Steinnes , E. and Volden , T. 2008 . Runoff of particle bound pollutants from urban impervious surfaces studied by analysis of sediments from storm water traps . Sci. Total Environ. , 396 : 147 – 163 .
  • Jorgensen , E. H. , Vijayan , M. M. , Killie , J.-K. A. , Aluru , N , Aas-Hansen , O. and Maule , A. 2006 . Toxickokinetics and effects of PCBs in Arctic fish: A review of studies on Arctic charr . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 69 : 37 – 52 .
  • Kallenborn , R. , Christensen , G. , Evenset , A. , Schlabach , M. and Stohl , A. 2007 . Atmospheric transport of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to Bj⊘rn⊘ya (Bear Island) . J. Environ. Monit. , 9 : 1082 – 1091 .
  • Karstensen , K. H. , Ringstad , O. , Rustad , I. , Kalevi , K. , Jörgensen , K. , Nylund , K. , Alsberg , T. , Ólafsdóttir , K. , Heidenstam , O. and Solberg , H. Nordic guidelines for chemical analysis of contaminated soil samples . NORDTEST Technical report 329 . 1997 .
  • Knudsen , L. B. , Sagerup , K. , Polder , A. , Schlabach , M. , Josefsen , T. D. , Str⊘m , H. , Skåre , J. U. and Gabrielsen , G. W. Halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) and mercury in dead or dying seabirds on Bj⊘rn⊘ya (Svalbard) . SFT-report, TA-2222/2007, Oslo, Norway . 2007 .
  • Konieczny , R. M. and Mouland , L. Tolkning av PCB-profiler og beregning av totalt PCB-innhold i marine sedimenter (Interpretation of PCB-profiles and the calculation of total-PCB content in marine sediments) . Norwegian Pollution Control Authority, SFT-report 97:33. TA 1497/1997. (In Norwegian) . 1997 .
  • Krokje , A. , Bingham , C. , Tuven , R. H. and Gabrielsen , G. W. 2006 . Chromosomal aberrations and DNA strand beaks in glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) chicks fed environmentally contaminated gull eggs . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 69 : 159 – 174 .
  • Kuzyk , Z. A. , Stow , J. P. , Burgess , N. M. , Solomon , S. M. and Reimer , K. J. 2005 . PCBs in sediments and the coastal food web near a local contaminant source in Saglek Bay, Labrador . Sci. Total Environ. , 351–352 : 264 – 284 .
  • Lie , E. , Bernhoft , A. , Riget , F. , Belikov , S. E. , Boltunov , A. N. , Derocher , A. E. , Garner , G. W. , Wiig , Ø. and Skaare , J. U. 2003 . Geographical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the Norwegian and Russian Arctic . Sci. Total Environ. , 306 : 159 – 170 .
  • Macdonald , R. W. , Barrie , L. A. , Bidleman , T. F. , Diamond , M. L. , Gregor , D. J. , Semkin , R. G. , Strachan , W. M. J. , Li , Y. F. , Wania , F. , Alaee , M. , Alexeeva , L. B. , Backus , S. M. , Bailey , R. , Bewers , J. M. , Gobeil , C. , Halsall , C. J. , Hammer , T. , Hoff , J. T. , Jantunen , L. M. M. , Lockhart , W. L. , Mackay , D. , Muir , D. C. G. , Pudykiewicz , J. , Reimer , K. J. , Smith , J. N. , Stern , G. A. , Schroeder , W. H. , Wagemann , R. and Yunker , M. B. 2000 . Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 Years of progress in understanding sources occurrence and pathways . Sci. Total Environ. , 254 : 93 – 234 .
  • Murvoll , K. M. , Skaare , J. U. , Jensen , H. and Jenssen , B. M. 2007 . Associations between persistent organic pollutants and vitamin status in Brünnich's guillemot and common eider hatchlings . Sci. Total Environ. , 381 : 134 – 145 .
  • Norwegian Legislation . Regulations relating to restrictions on the manufacture, import, export, sale and use of chemicals and other products hazardous to health and the environment (Product Regulations) . FOR 2004–06–01 no. 922, Chapter 3. Last updated FOR 2007–12–09 . 2004 .
  • Ockenden , W. A. , Breivik , K. , Meijer , S. N. , Steinnes , E. , Sweetman , A. J. and Jones , K. C. 2003 . The global re-cycling of persistent organic pollutants is strongly retarded by soils . Environ. Pollut. , 121 : 75 – 80 .
  • Poland , J. S. , Mitchell , S. and Rutter , A. 2001 . Remediation of former military bases in the Canadian Arctic . Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. , 32 : 93 – 105 .
  • Ropstad , E. , Oskam , I. C. , Lyche , J. L. , Larsen , H. J. , Lie , E. , Haave , M. , Dahl , E. , Wiger , R. and Skaare , J. U. 2006 . Endocrine disruption induced by organochlorines (OCs): Field studies and experimental models . J. Toxiciol. Environ. Health A , 69 : 59 – 76 .
  • Schoonenboom , M. H. , Tromp , P. C. and Olie , K. 1995 . The formation of coplanar PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs in a fly ash model system . Chemosphere , 30 : 1341 – 1349 .
  • Schultz , D. E. , Petrick , G. and Duinker , J. C. 1989 . Complete characterization of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in commercial Aroclor and Clophen mixtures by multidimensional gas chromatography–electron capture detection . Environ. Sci. Technol. , 23 : 852 – 859 .
  • Shin , S. K. and Kim , T. S. 2006 . Levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in transformer oils from Korea . J. Haz. Mater. , B137 : 1514 – 1522 .
  • Skotvold , T. and Savinov , V. 2003 . Regional distribution of PCBs and presence of technical PCB mixtures in sediments from Norwegian and Russian Arctic lakes . Sci. Total Environ. , 306 : 85 – 97 .
  • Sonne , C. , Rigét , F. F. , Dietz , R. , Wiig , Ø. , Kirkegaard , M. and Born , E. W. 2007 . Skull pathology in East Greenland and Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus) during 1892 to 2002 in relation to organochlorine pollution . Sci. Total Environ. , 372 : 554 – 561 .
  • Stow , J. P. , Sova , J. and Reimer , K. J. 2005 . The relative influence of distant and local (DEW-line) PCB sources in the Canadian Arctic . Sci. Total Environ. , 342 : 107 – 118 .
  • Sundahl , M. , Sikander , E. , Ek-Olausson , B. , Hjorthage , A. , Rosell , L. and Tornevall , M. 1999 . Determination of PCB within a project to develop cleanup methods for PCB-containing elastic sealant used in outdoor joints between concrete blocks in buildings . J. Environ. Monit. , 1 : 383 – 387 .
  • Verreault , J. , Muir , D. C. G. , Norstrom , R. J. , Stirling , I. , Fisk , A. T. , Gabrielsen , G. W. , Derocher , A. E. , Evans , T. J. , Dietz , R. , Sonne , C. , Sandala , G. M. , Gebbink , W. , Riget , F. F. , Born , E. W. , Taylor , M. K. , Nagy , J. and Letcher , R. J. 2005 . Chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and metabolites in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Alaska, Canada, East Greenland, and Svalbard: 1996–2002 . Sci. Total Environ. , 351–352 : 369 – 390 .
  • Verreault , J. , Shahmiri , S. , Gabrielsen , G. W. and Letcher , R. J. 2007 . Organohalogen and metabolically-derived contaminants and associations with whole body constituents in Norwegian Arctic glaucous gulls . Environ. Int. , 33 : 823 – 830 .
  • Wania , F. and Mackay , D. 1995 . A global distribution model for persistent organic chemicals . Sci. Total Environ. , 160/161 : 211 – 232 .
  • Wania , F. and Mackay , D. 1996 . Tracking the distribution of persistent organic pollutants . Environ. Sci. Technol. News , 30 : 390A – 396A .
  • Wolkers , H. , Lydersen , C. and Kovacs , K. M. 2004 . Accumulation and lactational transfer of PCBs and pesticides in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from Svalbard, Norway . Sci. Total Environ. , 319 : 137 – 146 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.