REFERENCES
- ASTM . 1998 . Standard guide for conducting the frog embryo teratogenesis assay—Xenopus , Vol. E 1439-91 , 825 – 836 . West Conshohocken, PA : ASTM International .
- Bernal , M. H. , Solomon , K. R. and Carrasquila , G. 2009 . Toxicity of formulated glyphosate (Glyphos®) and Cosmo-Flux® to larval and juvenile Colombian frogs 2. Field and laboratory microcosm acute toxicity . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 72 : 966 – 973 .
- Brain , R. A. and Solomon , K. R. 2008 . Comparative hazards of glyphosate, other pesticides, and other human activities to amphibians in the production of coca . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 72 : 937 – 948 .
- Cauble , K. and Wagner , R. S. 2005 . Sublethal effects of the herbicide glyphosate on amphibian metamorphosis and development . Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 75 : 429 – 435 .
- Cosmoagro. 2004. Cosmo-Flux® 411F Label, Cosmoagro S.A www.cosmoagro.com (Accessed: 20 October 2004 ).
- Crane , M. and Newman , M. C. 2000 . What level of effect is a no observed effect . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 19 : 516 – 519 .
- Dorn , P. B. , Salanitro , J. P. , Evans , S. H. and Kravetz , L. 1993 . Assessing the aquatic hazard of some branched and linear surfactants by biodegradation and toxicity . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 12 : 1751 – 1762 .
- Edginton , A. N. , Sheridan , P. M. , Stephenson , G. R. , Thompson , D. G. and Boermans , H. J. 2004 . Comparative effects of pH and Vision herbicide on two life stages of four anuran amphibian species . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 23 : 815 – 822 .
- Giesy , J. P. , Dobson , S. and Solomon , K. R. 2000 . Ecotoxicological risk assessment for Roundup® herbicide . Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 167 : 35 – 120 .
- Howe , C. , Berrill , M. and Pauli , B. D. 2001 . The acute and chronic toxicity of glyphosate-based pesticides in northern leopard frogs , Baltimore, MD : SETAC Annual Meeting . Abstract PH058
- Howe , C. M. , Berrill , M. , Pauli , B. D. , Helbing , C. C. , Werry , K. and Veldhoen , N. 2004 . Toxicity of glyphosate-based pesticides to four North American frog species . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 23 : 1928 – 1938 .
- Linder , G. , Krest , S. K. and Sparling , D. W. 2003 . Amphibian decline: An integrated analysis of multiple stressor effects , Pensacola, FL : Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry .
- Maltby , L. , Blake , N. N. , Brock , T. C. M. and van den Brink , P. J. 2005 . Insecticide species sensitivity distributions: The importance of test species selection and relevance to aquatic ecosystems . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 24 : 379 – 388 .
- Mann , R. M. and Bidwell , J. R. 1999 . The toxicity of glyphosate and several glyphosate formulations to four species of Southwestern Australian frogs . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 36 : 193 – 199 .
- Perkins , P. J. , Boermans , H. J. and Stephenson , G. R. 2000 . Toxicity of glyphosate and triclopyr using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay—Xenopus . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 19 : 940 – 945 .
- Relyea , R. A. 2005 . The lethal impacts of Roundup and predatory stress on six species of North American tadpoles . Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 48 : 351 – 357 .
- Rondon-Barragan , I. S. , Ramirez-Duarte , W. F. and Eslava-Mocha , P. R. 2007 . Evaluación de los efectos tóxicos y concentración letal 50 del surfactante Cosmoflux® 411F sobre juveniles de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus) . Rev. Col. Cienc. Pec. , 20 : 431 – 446 .
- Solomon , K. R. , Anadón , A. , Carrasquilla , G. , Cerdeira , A. , Marshall , J. and Sanin , L.-Hw . 2007 . Coca and poppy eradication in Colombia: Environmental and human health assessment of aerially applied glyphosate . Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. , 190 : 43 – 125 .
- Solomon , K. R. and Takacs , P. 2002 . “ Probabilistic risk assessment using species sensitivity distributions ” . In Species sensitivity distributions in ecotoxicology , Edited by: Posthuma , L. , Suter , G. W. and Traas , T. 285 – 313 . Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press .
- Solomon , K. R. and Thompson , D. G. 2003 . Ecological risk assessment for aquatic organisms from over-water uses of glyphosate . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 6 : 211 – 246 .
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1994. Probit Program, Ecological Monitoring Research Division, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov/eerd/stat2.htmS
- Wildlife International . 2006a . Glyphosate–Cosmo-Flux®–coca mix: A 96-hour static-renewal acute toxicity test with the African clawed-frog tadpole (Xenopus laevis) , Easton, MD, USA : Final report. Technical report 628A-101, Wildlife International .
- Wildlife International . 2006b . Glyphosate–Cosmo-Flux®–poppy mix: A 96-hour static-renewal acute toxicity test with the African clawed-frog tadpole (Xenopus laevis) , Easton, MD, USA : Final report. Technical report 628A-102, Wildlife International .
- Wong , D. C. L. , Dorn , P. B. and Chai , E. Y. 1997 . Acute toxicity and structure–activity relationships of nine alcohol ethoxylate surfactants to fathead minnow and Daphnia magna . Environ. Toxicol. Chem. , 16 : 1970 – 1976 .
- World Health Organization International Program on Chemical Safety . 1994 . Glyphosate , Vol. 159 , Geneva : WHO IPCS .