Effects of Ocean Acidification on Early Life Stages of Shrimp (Pandalus borealis) and Mussel (Mytilus edulis)

REFERENCES

• American Society for Testing and Materials . 1989 . “ Standard guide for conducting static acute toxicity tests with larvae of four species of salwater bivalve molluscs ” . In Ann. Book of ASTM Standards , 334 – 351 . Philadelphia : ASTM .
   Google Scholar
• Aschan , M. and Ingvaldsen , R. 2008 . The Proceedings of the ECONORTH Symposium on Ecosystem Dynamics in the Norwegian Sea and Barents Sea. Recruitment of shrimp (Pandalus borealis) in the Barents Sea related to spawning stock and environment Deep Sea Res. Part II: Topical Stud . Oceanogr. , 56 : 2012 – 2022 .
   Google Scholar
• Babinchak , J. and Ukeles , R. 1979 . Epiflu-orescence microscopy, a technique for the study of feeding in Crassostrea virginica veliger larvae . Mar. Biol. , 51 : 69 – 76 .
   Google Scholar
• Beesley , A. , Lowe , D. M. , Pascoe , C. K. and Widdicombe , S. 2008 . Effects of CO2-induced seawater acidification on the health of Mytilus edulis . Climate Res. , 37 : 215 – 225 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bellerby , R. G. J. , Schulz , K. G. , Riebesell , U. , Neill , C. , Nondal , G. , Heegaard , E. , Johannessen , T. and Brown , K. R. 2008 . Marine ecosystem community carbon and nutrient uptake stoichiometry under varying ocean acidification during the PeECE III experiment . Biogeosciences , 5 : 1517 – 1527 .
   Google Scholar
• Berge , J. A. , Bjerkeng , B. , Pettersen , O. , Schaanning , M. T. and Oxnevad , S. 2006 . Effects of increased sea water concentrations of CO2 on growth of the bivalve Mytilus edulis L . Chemosphere , 62 : 681 – 687 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergström , B. I. 2000 . The biology of Pandalus . Adv. Marine Biol. , 38 : 55 – 245 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bibby , R. , Widdicombe , S. , Parry , H. , Spicer , J. and Pipe , R. 2008 . Effects of ocean acidification on the immune response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis . Aquat. Biol. , 2 : 67 – 74 .
   Google Scholar
• Butler , T. H. 1964 . Growth, reproduction, and distribution of pandalid shrimps in British Columbia . J. Fish. Res. Board Can. , 21 : 1403 – 1452 .
   Google Scholar
• Cajaraville , M. P. , Bebianno , M. J. , Blasco , J. , Porte , C. , Sarasquete , C. and Viarengo , A. 2000 . The use of biomarkers to assess the impact of pollution in coastal environments of the Iberian Peninsula: A practical approach . Sci. Total Environ. , 247 : 295 – 311 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira , K. and Wickett , M. E. 2003 . Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH. The coming centuries may see more ocean acidification than the past 300 million years . Nature , 425 : 365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caldeira , K. and Wickett , M. E. 2005 . Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean . J. Geophys. Res. Oceans , 110 : C09S04 doi: 10.1029/2004JC002671
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dupont , S. and Thorndyke , M.C. 2009a . Impact of CO2-driven ocean acidification on invertebrates early life-history—What we know, what we need to know and what we can do . Biogeosci. Discuss. , 6 : 3109 – 3131 .
   Google Scholar
• Dupont , S. and Thorndyke , M.C. Ocean acidification and its impact on the early life-history stages of marine animals . Impacts of acidification on biological, chemical and physical systems in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, no. 36 in CIESM Workshop Monographs . 1–4 October 2008 , Monaco. Edited by: Briand , F . pp. 89 – 97 . Menton : CIESM .
   Google Scholar
• Dupont , S. , Dorey , N. and Thorndyke , M. 2010a . What meta-analysis can tell us about vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification? . Estuarine Coast. Shelf Sci. , 89 : 182 – 185 .
   Google Scholar
• Dupont , S. , Ortega-Martinez , O. and Thorndyke , M. 2010b . Impact of near-future ocean acidification on echinoderms . Ecotoxicology , 19 : 449 – 462 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Egilsdottir , H. , Spicer , J. I. and Rundle , S. D. 2009 . The effect of CO2 acidified sea water and reduced salinity on aspects of the embryonic development of the amphipod Echinogammarus marinus (Leach) . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 58 : 1187 – 1191 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin , C. and Marshall , D. J. 2007 . Desperate larvae: Influence of deferred costs and habitat requirements on habitat selection . Mar. Ecol.-Progress Ser. , 335 : 143 – 153 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fabry , V. J. , Seibel , B. A. , Feely , R. A. and Orr , J. C. 2008 . Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes . Ices J. Mar. Sci. , 65 : 414 – 432 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Findlay , H. S. , Kendall , M. A. , Spicer , J. I. and Widdicombe , S. 2009a . Future high CO2 in the intertidal may compromise adult barnacle Semibalanus balanoides survival and embryonic development rate . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 389 : 193 – 202 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Findlay , H. S. , Tyrrell , T. , Bellerby , R. G. J. , Merico , A. and Skjelvan , I. 2008 . Carbon and nutrient mixed layer dynamics in the Norwegian Sea . Biogeosciences , 5 : 1395 – 1410 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Findlay , H. S. , Wood , H. L. , Kendall , M. A. , Spicer , J. I. , Twitchett , R. J. and Widdicombe , S. 2009b . Calcification, a physiological process to be considered in the context of the whole organism . Biogeosci. Discuss. , 6 : 2267 – 2284 .
   Google Scholar
• Garcia , E. G. 2007 . The northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) offshore fishery in the Northeast Atlantic . Adv. Mar. Biol. , 52 : 147 – 266 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gazeau , F. , Gattuso , J.-P. , Dawber , C. , Pronker , A. E. , Peene , F. , Peene , J. , Heip , C. H. R. and Middelburg , J. J. 2010 . Effect of ocean acidification on the early life stages of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) . Biogeosci. Discuss. , 7 : 2927 – 2947 .
   Google Scholar
• Goldberg , E. D. 1975 . The mussel watch—A first step in global marine monitoring . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 6 : 111 – 117 .
   Google Scholar
• Gosselin , L. A. and Qian , P. Y. 1997 . Juvenile mortality in benthic marine invertebrates . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 146 : 265 – 182 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green , M. A. , Jones , M. E. , Boudreau , C. L. , Moore , R. L. and Westman , B. A. 2004 . Dissolution mortality of juvenile bivalves in coastal marine deposits . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 49 : 727 – 734 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guinotte , J. M. and Fabry , V. J. 2008 . “ Ocean acidification and its potential effects on marine ecosystems ” . In Year in ecology and conservation biology 2008 , 320 – 342 . Oxford : Blackwell Publishing .
   Google Scholar
• Hauton , C. , Tyrrell , T. and Williams , J. 2009 . The subtle effects of sea water acidification on the amphipod Gammarus locusta . Biogeosciences , 6 : 1479 – 1489 .
   Google Scholar
• Havenhand , J. 2009 . Near-future levels of ocean acidification do not affect sperm motility and fertilization kinetics in the oyster Crassostrea gigas . Biogeosci. Discuss. , 6 : 4573 – 4586 .
   Google Scholar
• Haynes , E. 1979 . Description of larvae of the Northern Shrimp, Pandalus borealis, reared in situ in Kachemak Bay, Alaska . Fish. Bull. , 77 : 157 – 173 .
   Google Scholar
• Hendriks , I. E. and Duarte , C. M. 2010 . Ocean acidification: Separating evidence from judgment—A reply to Dupont et al. Discussion . Estuarine Coast. Shelf Sci. , 89 : 186 – 190 .
   Google Scholar
• Hendriks , I. E. , Duarte , C. M. and Alvarez , M. 2010 . Vulnerability of marine biodiversity to ocean acidification: A meta-analysis . Estuarine Coast. Shelf Sci. , 86 : 157 – 164 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• His , E. , Beiras , R. and Seaman , M. N. L. 2000 . The assessment of marine pollution—Bioassays with bivalve embryos and larvae . Adv. Mar. Biol. , 37 : 1 – 178 .
   Google Scholar
• IPCC . 2007 . The fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) , New York : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kurihara , H. 2008 . Effects of CO2-driven ocean acidification on the early developmental stages of invertebrates . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 373 : 275 – 284 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurihara , H. and Ishimatsu , A. 2008 . Effects of high CO2 seawater on the copepod (Acartia tsuensis) through all life stages and subsequent generations . Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 56 : 1086 – 1090 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kurihara , H. , Kato , S. and Ishimatsu , A. 2007 . Effects of increased seawater pCO(2) on early development of the oyster Crassostrea gigas . Aquat. Toxicol. , 1 : 91 – 98 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurihara , H. , Asai , T. , Kato , S. and Ishimatsu , A. 2009 . Effects of elevated pCO(2) on early development in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis . Aquat. Biol. , 4 : 225 – 233 .
   Google Scholar
• Kurihara , H. , Matsui , M. , Furukawa , H. , Hayashi , M. and Ishimatsu , A. 2008 . Long-term effects of predicted future seawater CO2 conditions on the survival and growth of the marine shrimp Palaemon pacificus . J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , 367 : 41 – 46 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Pennec , M. and Rangel-Davalos , C. 1985 . Observations by epifluorescence microscopy of ingestion and digestion of unicellular algae by young larvae of Pecten maximus (Pectinidae, Bivalvia) . Aquaculture , 47 : 39 – 51 .
   Google Scholar
• Mayor , D. J. , Matthews , C. , Cook , K. , Zuur , A. F. and Hay , S. 2007 . CO2-induced acidification affects hatching success in Calanus finmarchicus . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 350 : 91 – 97 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald , M. R. , McClintock , J. B. , Amsler , C. D. , Rittschof , D. , Angus , R. A. , Orihuela , B. and Lutostanski , K. 2009 . Effects of ocean acidification over the life history of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 385 : 179 – 187 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mikkelsen , A. , Engelsen , S. B. , Hansen , H. C. B. , Larsen , O. and Skibsted , L. H. 1997 . Calcium carbonate crystallization in the alpha-chitin matrix of the shell of pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis, during frozen storage . J. Crystal Growth , 177 : 125 – 134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller , A. W. , Reynolds , A. C. , Sobrino , C. and Riedel , G. F. 2009 . Shellfish face uncertain future in high CO2 world: Influence of acidification on oyster larvae calcification and growth in estuaries . PLoS ONE , 4 : e5661 anddoi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005661
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newell , R. I. E. 2004 . Ecosystem influences of natural and cultivated populations of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs: A review . J. Shellfish Res. , 23 : 51 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orr , J. C. , Fabry , V. J. , Aumont , O. , Bopp , L. , Doney , S. C. , Feely , R. A. , Gnanadesikan , A. , Gruber , N. , Ishida , A. , Joos , F. , Key , R. M. , Lindsay , K. , Maier-Reimer , E. , Matear , R. , Monfray , P. , Mouchet , A. , Najjar , R. G. , Plattner , G. K. , Rodgers , K. B. , Sabine , C. L. , Sarmiento , J. L. , Schlitzer , R. , Slater , R. D. , Totterdell , I. J. , Weirig , M. F. , Yamanaka , Y. and Yool , A. 2005 . Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms . Nature , 437 : 681 – 686 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parker , L. M. , Ross , P. M. and O'Connor , W. A. 2009 . The effect of ocean acidification and temperature on the fertilization and embryonic development of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould 1850) . Global Change Biol. , 15 : 2123 – 2136 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierrot, D., Lewis, D. E., and Wallace, D. W. R. 2006. CO2SYS.EXE-MS Excel Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105aOak Ridge, TN: Carbon Dioxide Information Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys (http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/co2sys)
   Google Scholar
• Portner , H. O. 2008 . Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification in times of ocean warming: A physiologist's view . Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. , 373 : 203 – 217 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ries , J. B. , Cohen , A. L. and McCorkle , D. C. 2009 . Marine calcifiers exhibit mixed responses to CO2-induced ocean acidifi-cation . Geology , 37 : 1131 – 1134 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roy , R. N. , Roy , L. N. , Vogel , K. M. , Portermoore , C. , Pearson , T. , Good , C. E. , Millero , F. J. and Campbell , D. M. 1993 . The dissociation-constants of carbonic-acid in seawater at salinities 5 to 45 and temperatures 0-degrees-C to 45-degrees-C . Mar. Chem. , 44 : 249 – 267 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarazin , G. , Michard , G. and Prevot , F. 1999 . A rapid and accurate spectroscopic method for alkalinity measurements in sea water samples . Water Res. , 33 : 290 – 294 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schiettecatte , L. S. , Helmuth , T. , Borges , A. V. and Frankignoulle , M. Traditional normalized total alkalinity as a tracer of the surface seawater masses of the North Sea . Poster presented at the EGS-AGU-EUG, Joint Assembly, Nice . 06–11 April 2003 , France.
   Google Scholar
• Sukhotin , A. A. , Strelkov , P. P. , Maximovich , N. V. and Hummel , H. 2007 . Growth and longevity of Mytilus edulis (L.) from northeast Europe . Mar. Biol. Res. , 3 : 155 – 167 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinacher , M. , Joos , F. , Frolicher , T. L. , Plattner , G. K. and Doney , S. C. 2009 . Imminent ocean acidification in the Arctic projected with the NCAR global coupled carbon cycle-climate model . Biogeosciences , 6 : 515 – 533 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Storm , L. and Pedersen , S. A. 2003 . Development and drift of northern shrimp larvae (Pandalus borealis) at West Greenland . Mar. Biol. , 143 : 1083 – 1093 .
   Google Scholar
• Talmage , S. C. and Gobler , C. J. 2009 . The effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations on the metamorphosis, size, and survival of larval hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), bay scallops (Argopecten irradians), and Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) . Limnol. Oceanogr. , 54 : 2072 – 2080 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson , G. 1950 . Reproductive and larval ecology of marine bottom invertebrates . Biol. Rev. , 25 : 1 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thorson , G. 1966 . Some factors influencing the recruitment and establishment of marine benthic communities . Neth. J. Sea Res. , 3 : 267 – 293 .
   Google Scholar
• Todgham , A. E. and Hofmann , G. E. 2009 . Transcriptomic response of sea urchin larvae Strongylocentrotus purpuratus to CO2-driven seawater acidification . J. Exp. Biol. , 212 : 2579 – 2594 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Watson , S. A. , Southgate , P. C. , Tyler , P. A. and Peck , L. S. 2009 . Early larval development of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata under near-future predictions of CO2-driven ocean acidification . J. Shellfish Res. , 28 : 431 – 437 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , I. M. and Schonitzer , V. 2006 . The distribution of chitin in larval shells of the bivalve mollusk Mytilus galloprovincialis . J. Struct. Biol. , 153 : 264 – 277 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss , I. M. , Tuross , N. , Addadi , L. and Weiner , S. 2002 . Mollusc larval shell formation: Amorphous calcium carbonate is a precursor phase for aragonite . J. Exp. Zool. , 293 : 478 – 491 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Widdicombe , S. and Spicer , J. I. 2008 . Predicting the impact of ocean acidification on benthic biodiversity: What can animal physiology tell us? . J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , 366 : 187 – 197 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widdows , J. 1991 . Physiological ecology of mussel larvae . Aquaculture , 94 : 147 – 163 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wood , H. L. , Spicer , J. I. and Widdicombe , S. 2008 . Ocean acidification may increase calcification rates, but at a cost . Proc. Royal Soc. B Biol. Sci. , 275 : 1767 – 1773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar