Geno- and Immunotoxic Effects on Populations Living Near a Mine: A Case Study of Panasqueira Mine in Portugal

REFERENCES

• Akiyama , M. , Kyoizumi , S. , Hirai , Y. , Kusunoki , Y. , Iwamoto , K. S. and Nakamura , N. 1995 . Mutation frequency in human blood cells increases with age . Mutat. Res. , 338 : 141 – 49 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ávila , P. , Silva , E. , Salgueiro , A. and Farinha , J. 2008 . Geochemistry and mineralogy of mill tailings impoundments from the Panasqueira mine (Portugal): Implications for the surrounding environment . Mine Water Environ. , 27 : 210 – 24 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balmain , A. , Gray , J. and Ponder , B. A. 2003 . The genetics and genomics of cancer . Nat. Genet. , 33 : 238 – 44 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barale , R. , Chelotti , L. , Davini , T. , Del Ry , S. , Andreassi , M. G. , Ballardin , M. , Bulleri , M. , He , J. , Baldacci , S. , Di Pede , F. , Gemignani , F. and Landi , S. 1998 . Sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus frequency in human lymphocytes of 1650 subjects in an Italian population: II. Contribution of sex, age, and lifestyle . Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 31 : 228 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu , A. , Mahata , J. , Roy , A. , Sarkar , J. , Poddar , G. , Nandy , A. , Sarkar , P. , Dutta , P. , Banerjee , A. , Das , M. , Ray , K. , Roychaudhury , S. , Natarajan , A. , Nilsson , R. and Giri , A. 2002 . Enhanced frequency of micronuclei in individuals exposed to arsenic through drinking water in West Bengal, India . Mutat. Res. , 516 : 29 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Basu , A. , Som , A. , Ghoshal , S. , Monday , L. , Chaubey , R. , Bhilwade , H. , Rahman , M. and Giri , A. 2005 . Assessment of DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of individuals susceptible to arsenic induced toxicity in West Bengal, India . Toxicol. Lett. , 159 : 100 – 12 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bernstam , L. and Nriagu , J. 2000 . Molecular aspects of arsenic stress . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 3 : 293 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonassi , S. , Bolognesi , C. , Abbondandolo , A. , Barale , R. , Bigatti , P. , Camurri , L. , Dalpra , L. , de Ferrari , M. , Forni , A. and Lando , C. 1995 . Infuence of sex on cytogenetic end points: Evidence from a large human sample and review of literature . Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. , 4 : 671 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonassi , S. , Fenech , M. , Lando , C. , Lin , Y. , Ceppi , M. , Chang , W. P. , Holland , N. , Kirsch-Volders , M. , Zeiger , E. , Ban , S. , Barale , R. , Ferguson , L. R. , Fucic , A. , Lima , O. G. , Hrelia , P. , Krishnaja , A. P. , Lee , T.-K. , Migliore , L. , Mikhalevich , L. , Mirkova , E. , Mosesso , P. , Müller , W.-U. , Odagiri , Y. , Scarfi , M. R. , Szabova , E. , Vorobtsova , I. , Vral , A. and Zijno , A. 2001 . HUman MicroNucleus project: International database comparison for results with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes: I. Effect of laboratory protocol, scoring criteria, and host factors on the frequency of micronuclei . Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 37 : 31 – 45 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cabassi , E. 2007 . The immune system and exposure to xenobiotics in animals . Vet. Res. Commun. , 31 : 115 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coelho , P. , Silva , S. , Roma-Torres , J. , Costa , C. , Henriques , A. , Teixeira , J. , Gomes , M. and Mayan , O. 2007 . Health impact of living near an abandoned mine—Case study: Jales Mines . Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health , 210 : 399 – 402 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa , C. , Teixeira , J.P. , Silva , S. , Roma-Torres , J. , Coelho , P. , Gaspar , J. , Alves , M. , Laffon , B. , Rueff , J. and Mayan , O. 2006 . Cytogenetic and molecular biomonitoring of a Portuguese population exposed to pesticides . Mutagenesis , 21 : 343 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de La Fuente , H. , Portales-Perez , D. , Baranda , L. , Diaz-Barriga , F. , Saavedra-Alanís , V. , Layseca , E. and González-Amaro , R. 2002 . Effect of arsenic, cadmium and lead on the induction of apoptosis of normal human mononuclear cells . Clin. Exp. Immunol. , 129 : 69 – 77 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), and Environment Agency (EA) . 2002 . Contaminants in soil: Collation of toxicological data and intake values for humans: Cadmium. Report Tox 3 , Bristol, , UK : Environment Agenc .
   Google Scholar
• Dopp , E. , Hartmann , L. , Florea , A. , von Recklinghausen , U. , Pieper , R. , Shokouhi , B. , Rettenmeier , A. , Hirner , A. and Obe , G. 2004 . Uptake of inorganic and organic derivatives of arsenic associated with induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 201 : 156 – 65 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenech , M. 2007 . Cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay . Nat. Protocols , 2 : 1084 – 104 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• García-Lestón , J. , Roma-Torres , J. , Vilares , Maria , Rui Pinto , Cunha, L. , Prista , João , Teixeira , J. P. , Mayan , O. , Pásaro , E. , Méndez , J. and Laffon , B. 2011 . Biomonitoring of a population of Portuguese workers exposed to lead . Mutat. Res. , 721 : 81 – 88 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goering , P. L. , Waalkes , M. P. and Klaassen , C. D. 1995 . “ Toxicology of cadmium ” . In Toxicology of metals: Biochemical aspects handbook of experimental pharmacology , Edited by: Goyer , R. A. and Cherian , M. G. Vol. 115 , 189 – 213 . New York : Springer-Verlag .
   Google Scholar
• Gonsebatt , M. , Vega , L. , Montero , R. , García , G. , Del Razo , L. , Albores , A. , Cebrián , M. and Ostrosky-Wegman , P. 1994 . Lymphocyte replication ability in individuals exposed to arsenic via drinking water . Mutat. Res. , 313 : 293 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartwig , A. 1998 . Carcinogenicity of metal compounds: Possible role of DNA repair inhibition . Toxicol. Lett. , 102–103 : 235 – 2 39 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartwig , A. and Schwerdtle , T. 2002 . Interactions by carcinogenic metal compounds with DNA repair processes: Toxicological implications . Toxicol. Lett. , 127 : 47 – 54 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canada , Health . 2004 . Canadian handbook on health impact assessment. A report of the Federal/Provincial/Territorial Committee on Environmental and Occupational Health , Vol. 1 , Ottawa : Health Canada .
   Google Scholar
• Hernandez-Castro , B. , Doniz-Padilla , L. M. , Salgado-Bustamante , M. , Rocha , D. , Ortiz-Perez , M. D. , Jimenez-Capdeville , M. E. , Portales-Pérez , D. P. , Quintanar-Stephano , A. and González-Amaro , R. 2009 . Effect of arsenic on regulatory T cells . J. Clin. Immunol. , 29 : 461 – 69 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heyworth , J. 1990 . Evaluation of the Port Pirie Environmental Health Program (thesis) , Adelaide, SA : Department of Community Medicine, University of Adelaide .
   Google Scholar
• IARC . 1993 . Cadmium and certain cadmium compounds. Beryllium, cadmium, mercury and exposures in the glass manufacturing industry . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risk Chem. Hum. , 58
   Google Scholar
• IARC . 2004 . Some drinking-water disinfectants and contaminants, including arsenic . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risk Hum. , 84
   Google Scholar
• Jung , D. , Bolm-Audroff , U. , Faldum , A. , Hengstler , J. G. , Attia , D. I. , Janssen , K. , Reifenrath , M. , Bienfait , H. G. , Mayer-Popken , O. and Konietzko , J. 2003 . Immunotoxicity of co-exposures to heavy metals: In vitro studies and results from occupational exposure to cadmium, cobalt and lead . EXCLI J. , 2 : 31 – 44 .
   Google Scholar
• Karakaya , A. , Yucesoy , B. and Sardas , O. 1994 . An immunological study on workers occupationally exposed to cadmium . Hum. Exp. Toxicol. , 3 : 73 – 75 .
   Google Scholar
• Kašuba , V. and Rozgaj , R. 2002 . Micronucleus distribution in human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated in vitro with cadmium chloride in Go and S phase of the cell cycle . Chemosphere , 49 : 91 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubota , M. , Lin , Y.W. , Hamahata , K. , Sawada , M. , Koishi , S. , Hirota , H. and Wakazono , Y. 2000 . Cancer chemotherapy and somatic cell mutation . Mutat. Res. , 470 : 93 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyoizumi , S. , Umeki , S. , Akiyama , M. , Hirai , Y. , Kusunoki , Y. , Nakamura , N. , Endoh , K. , Konishi , J. , Sasaki , M. , Mori , T. , Fujita , S. and Cologne , J. 1992 . Frequency of mutant T lymphocytes defective in the expression of the T-cell antigen receptor gene among radiation-exposed people . Mutat. Res. , 265 : 173 – 80 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ladou , J. 1995 . A global ban on lead mining and primary smelting . Int. J. Occup. Environ. , 1 : 70 – 71 .
   Google Scholar
• Léonard , A. and Lauwerys , R. 1980 . Carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity of arsenic . Mutat. Res. , 75 : 49 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luebke , R. W. , Chen , D. H. , Dietert , R. , Yang , Y. , King , M. and Luster , M. I. 2006 . The comparative immunotoxicity of five selected compounds following developmental or adult exposure . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 9 : 1 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martínez , V. , Creus , A. , Venegas , W. , Arroyo , A. , Beck , J. P. , Gebel , T. W. , Surrallés , J. and Marcos , R. 2004 . Evaluation of micronucleus induction in a Chilean population environmentally exposed to arsenic . Mutat. Res. , 564 : 65 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng , Z. and Meng , N. 2000 . Effects of arsenic on blast transformation and DNA synthesis of human blood lymphocytes . Chemosphere , 41 : 115 – 19 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moszczyński , P , Zabiński , Z , Moszczyński , P. Jr. , Rutowski , J. , Słowiński , S. and Tabarowski , Z. 2001 . Immunological findings in cigarette smokers . Toxicol. Lett. , 118 : 121 – 27 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mourón , S. , Grillo , C. , Dulot , F. and Golijow , C. 2006 . Induction of DNA strand breaks, DNA-protein crooslinks and sister chromatid exchange by arsenite in a human lung cell line . Toxicol. In Vitro , 20 : 279 – 85 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orloff , K. , Mistry , K. and Metcalf , S. 2009 . Biomonitoring for environmental exposures to arsenic . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B , 12 : 509 – 24 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osugi , Y. , Hara , J. , Kurahashi , H. , Sakata , N. , Inoue , M. , Yumura-Yagi , K. , Kawa-Ha , K. , Okada , S. and Tawa , A. 1995 . Age-related changes in surface antigens on peripheral lymphocytes of healthy children . Clin. Exp. Immunol. , 100 : 543 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palus , J. , Lewinska , D. , Dziubaltowska , E. , Stepnik , M. , Beck , J. , Rydzynski , K. and Nilsson , R. 2005 . DNA damage in leucocytes of workers occupationally exposed to arsenic in copper smelters . Environ. Mol. Mutagen. , 46 : 81 – 87 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peace , B. E. and Succop , P. 1999 . Spontaneous micronucleus frequency and age: what are normal values? . Mutat. Res. , 425 : 225 – 30 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reid , T. , Feig , D. and Loeb , L. 1993 . Mutagenesis by metal-induced oxygen radicals . Environ. Health Perspect. , 102 : 57 – 61 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rudy , B. J. , Wilson , C. M. , Durako , S. , Moscicki , A. B. , Muenz , L. and Douglas , S. D. 2002 . Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the REACH project . Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , 9 : 959 – 65 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Salgueiro , A. , Avila , P. , Pereira , H. and Silva , E. Assessment of the impact of pollution by arsenic in the vicinity of Panasqueira Mine (Portugal) . Proceedings of the geoENV 2008—7th International Conference on Geostatistics for Environmental Applications . September 8–10 2008 , Southampton, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Shahabuddin , S. , Al-Ayedi , I. , Gad El-Rab , M. O. and Qureshi , M. I. 1998 . Age-related changes in blood lymphocyte subsets of Saudi Arabian healthy children . Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. , 5 : 632 – 35 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soto-Peña , G. , Luna , A. , Acosta-Saavedra , L. , Conde-Moo , P. , López-Carrillo , L. , Cebrian , M. , Bastida , M. , Calderon-Aranda , E. and Vega , L. 2006 . Assessment of lymphocyte supopulations and cytokine secretion in children exposed to arsenic . FASEB J. , 20 : 779 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soto-Peña , G. A. and Vega , L. 2008 . Arsenic interferes with the signaling transduction pathway of T cell receptor activation by increasing basal and induced phosphorylation of Lck and Fyn in spleen cells . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 230 : 216 – 26 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinmaus , C. , Moore , L. E. , Shipp , M. , Kalman , D. , Rey , O. A. , Biggs , M. L. , Hopenhayn , C. , Bates , M. N. , Zheng , S. , Wiencke , J. K. and Smith , A. H. 2007 . Genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR 677 and 1298, GSTM1 and T1, and metabolism of arsenic . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 70 : 159 – 70 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephens , C. and Ahern , M. Worker and community health impacts related to mining operations internationally. A rapid review of the literature . Paper prepared for MMSD . London. IIED and WBCSD .
   Google Scholar
• Surrallés , J. , Falck , G. and Norppa , H. 1996 . In vivo cytogenetic damage revealed by FISH analysis of micronuclei in uncultured human T lymphocytes . Cytogenet. Cell Genet. , 75 : 151 – 54 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taooka , Y. , Takeichi , N. , Noso , Y. , Kawano , N , Apsalikov , K. and Hoshi , M. 2006 . Increased T-cell receptor mutation frequency in radiation-exposed residents living near the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site . J. Radiat. Res. , 47 : 179 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai , S.-M. , Wang , T.-N. and Ko , Y.-C. 1998 . Cancer mortality trends in a blackfoot disease endemic community of Taiwan following water source replacement . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 55 : 389 – 404 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1992.Record of decision—Bunker Hill Mining and Metallurgical Complex, Soshone County, Idaho http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/ index.cfm?fuseaction=data.siterods&siteid= 1000195 (http://cfpub.epa.gov/superrods/ index.cfm?fuseaction=data.siterods&siteid= 1000195)
   Google Scholar
• Vega , L. , Gonsebatt , M. and Ostrosky-Wegman , P. 1995 . Aneugenic effect of sodium arsenite on human lymphocytes in vitro: An individual susceptibility effect detected . Mutat. Res. , 334 : 365 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vega , L. , Ostrosky-Wegman , P. , Fortoul , T. , Díaz , C. , Madrid , V. and Saavedra , R. 1999 . Sodium arsenite reduces proliferation of human activated T-cells by inhibition of the secretion of interleukin-2 . Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. , 21 : 203 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization . Water-related diseases. Arsenicosis . Prepared for World Water Day 2001. Reviewed by staff and experts from the Programme for Promotion of Chemical Safety (PCS), and the Water, Sanitation and Health unit (WSH) . Geneva. World Health Organization (WHO) .
   Google Scholar
• Yang , C.-Y. , Chang , C.-C. , Ho , S.-C. and Chiu , H.-F. 2008 . Is colon cancer mortality related to arsenic exposure? . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 71 : 533 – 38 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yucesoy , B. , Turhan , A. , Ure , M. , Imir , T. and Karakaya , A. 1997 . Effects of occupational lead and cadmium exposure on some immunoregulatory cytokine levels in man . Toxicology , 123 : 143 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar