REFERENCES
- Abbot , J. M. , Byrd-Bredbenner , C. , Schaffner , D. , Bruhn , C. M. and Blalock , L. 2009 . Comparison of food safety cognitions and self-reported food-handling behaviours with observed food safety behaviours of young adults . Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. , 63 : 572 – 79 .
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. n.d.-a. The facts on traceability in Canada. http://www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/trac/trac-eng.pdf (http://www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/trac/trac-eng.pdf) (Accessed: 17 May 2010 ).
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. n.d.-b. National agriculture and food traceability system (NAFTS). http://www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/trac/sys-eng.pdf (http://www.ats-sea.agr.gc.ca/trac/sys-eng.pdf) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 2004. Consumer perceptions of food safety and quality. http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/agr/pdf/consumer-perceptions.pdf (http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/agr/pdf/consumer-perceptions.pdf) (Accessed: 1 October 2010 ).
- Altekruse , S. F. , Samantha , Y. , Timbo , B. B. and Angulo , F. J. 1999 . A multi-state survey of consumer food-handling and food-consumption practices . Am. J. Prev. Med. , 16 : 216 – 21 .
- Aubeeluck , A. 2010 . A comparative analysis of consumer attitudes towards food safety, animal testing and traceability in the meat industry: Japan and Canada , Edmonton, , Canada : Unpublished MSc thesis, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta .
- Baron , J. , Hershey , J. C. and Kunreuther , H. 2000 . Determinants of priority for risk reduction: The role of worry . Risk Anal. , 20 : 413 – 27 .
- Bar-Tal , D. and Bar-Zohar , Y. 1977 . The relationship between perception of locus of control and academic achievement . Contemp. Educ. Psychol. , 2 : 181 – 99 .
- Block , J. 1968 . Some reasons for the apparent inconsistency of personality . Psychol. Bull , 70 : 210 – 12 .
- Bowling , A. 2000 . Research methods in health , Milton Keyes : Open University Press .
- Brown , B. R. 2009 . “ Maize to milk: An analysis of the traceability systems of bulk commodities ” . In Unpublished MSc dissertation, Iowa State University Ames
- Burger , J. 1998 . Gender differences in attitudes about fish safety in coastal population . J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A , 53 : 181 – 192 .
- Byrd-Bredbenner , C. , Maurer , J. , Wheatley , V. , Schaffner , D. , Bruhn , C. and Blalock , L. 2007 . Food safety self-reported behaviours and cognitions of young adults: Results of a national study . J. Food Prot. , 70 : 1917 – 26 .
- Calhoun , L. G. , Cheney , T. and Dawes , A. S. 1974 . Locus of control, self-reported depression and perceived causes of depression . J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. , 42 : 736
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency. n.d.-a. Exporting cattle, bison and their products under the USDA Final Rule on BSE Risk. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/export/americ/usdae.shtml (http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/export/americ/usdae.shtml) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Lessons learned: The Canadian Food Inspection Agency's recall response to the 2008 listeriosis outbreak: Appendix 4—Literature review on food product traceability best practices. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/agen/eval/listeria1/listeria1-appbe.shtm (http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/agen/eval/listeria1/listeria1-appbe.shtm) (Accessed: 17 May 2010 ).
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency. n.d.-c. Traceability in Canada. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/trac/traccane.shtml (http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/trac/traccane.shtml) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Christensen , B. B. , Rosenquist , H. , Sommer , H. M. , Nielsen , N. L. , Fagt , S. and Andersen , N. L. 2005 . A model of hygiene practices and consumption patterns in the consumer phase . Risk Anal. , 25 : 49 – 60 .
- Clemens, R. 2003. Meat traceability and consumer assurance in Japan. MATRIC Briefing Paper 03-MBP5. Department of Economics, Iowa State University. http://www.card.iastate.edu/publications/DBS/PDFFiles/03mbp5.pdf (http://www.card.iastate.edu/publications/DBS/PDFFiles/03mbp5.pdf)
- Coleman , M. and DeLeire , T. 2003 . An economic model of locus of control and the human capital investment decision . J. Hum. Resources , 38 : 701 – 21 .
- Davis , W. L. and Phares , E. J. 1967 . Internal-external control as a determinant of information-seeking in a social influence situation . J. Personal. , 35 : 547 – 61 .
- de Jonge , J. , van Trijp , H. , Renes , R. J. and Frewer , L. 2007 . Understanding consumer confidence in the safety of food: Its two-dimensional structure and determinants . Risk Anal. , 27 : 729 – 40 .
- de Jonge , J. 2008 . A monitor for consumer confidence in the safety of food , Wageningen, , the Netherlands : Unpublished PhD dissertation, Wageningen University .
- de Jonge , J. , van Trijp , H. , Goddard , E. and Frewer , L. 2008 . Consumer confidence in the safety of food in Canada and the Netherlands: The validation of a generic framework . Food Qual. Pref , 19 : 439 – 51 .
- Dickinson , D. L. and Bailey , D. V. 2005 . Experimental evidence on willingness to pay for red meat traceability in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan . J. Agric. Appl. Econ. , 37 : 537 – 48 .
- Dickinson , D. L. and Bailey , D. V. 2002 . Meat traceability: Are U.S. consumers willing to pay for it? . J. Agric. Resource Econ. , 27 : 348 – 64 .
- Fischer , A. R. H. and Frewer , L. J. 2008 . Food safety practices in the domestic kitchen; Demographic personality and experiential determinants . J. Appl. Soc. Psychol. , 38 : 2859 – 84 .
- Frewer , L. J. , Shepherd , R. and Sparks , P. 1994 . The interrelationship between perceived knowledge, control and risk associated with a range of food-related hazards targeted at the individual, other people and society . J. Food Safety , 14 : 19 – 40 .
- Gellynck, X., and Kuhne, B. 2006. Food safety, animal disease and supply chain management in the european meat business. Presented at the National Public Policy Education Conference “Consequences of the 21st Century Food Systems,” Fayetteville, AR. http://www.farmfoundation.org/news/articlefiles/392-Xavier%20Gellynck%20paper.pdf (http://www.farmfoundation.org/news/articlefiles/392-Xavier%20Gellynck%20paper.pdf)
- Gellynck , X. , Verbeke , W. and Vermeire , B. 2006 . Pathways to increase consumer trust in meat as a safe and wholesome food . Meat Sci , 74 : 161 – 71 .
- Golan, E. L., Krissoff, B., Kuchler, F., Calvin, L., Nelson, K., and Price, G. 2004. Traceability in the U.S. food supply: Economic theory and industry studies. Agricultural Economic Report 830. USDA, Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer830/aer830.pdf (http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/aer830/aer830.pdf)
- Gordon , D. A. 1977 . Children's beliefs in internal-external control and self esteem as related to academic achievement . J. Personal. Assess. , 41 : 383 – 86 .
- Gracia , A. and Zeballos , G. 2005 . Attitudes of retailers and consumers toward the EU traceability and labeling system for beef . J. Food Distrib. Res. , 36 : 45 – 56 .
- GS1. 2006. Exposium-GS1: Europeans and Traceability. http://www.gs1.org/docs/traceability/GS1_traceability_survey_2006_results.pdf (http://www.gs1.org/docs/traceability/GS1_traceability_survey_2006_results.pdf) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Hersch , P. D. and Scheibe , K. E. 1967 . On the reliability and validity of internal-external control as a personality dimension . J. Consult. Psychol. , 31 : 609 – 13 .
- Hobbs , J. E. , Bailey , D. V. , Dickinson , D. L. and Haghiri , M. 2005 . Traceability in the Canadian red meat sector: Do consumers care? . Can. J. Agric. Econ. , 53 : 47 – 65 .
- Hobbs, J. E., Kerr, W. A., and Yeung, M. T. 2009. Public and private goods: The Canadian National Livestock and Poultry Traceability Program. http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/pol/pub/pdf09/traceabilit_1260310931947_eng.pdf (http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/pol/pub/pdf09/traceabilit_1260310931947_eng.pdf) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Kennedy , J. , Worosz , M. , Todd , E. C. and Lapinski , M. K. 2008 . Segmentation of US consumers based on food safety attitudes . Br. Food J. , 110 : 691 – 705 .
- Kogan , N. and Wallach , M. A. 1964 . Risk taking: A study in cognition and personality , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
- Kornelis , M. , de Jonge , J. , Frewer , L. and Dagevos , H. 2007 . Consumer selection of food-safety information sources . Risk Anal. , 27 : 327 – 35 .
- Kraus , S. J. 1995 . Attitudes and the prediction of behavior: A meta-analysis of the empirical literature . Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull. , 21 : 58 – 75 .
- Lefcourt , H. M. 1982 . Locus of control: Current trends in theory and research , 2nd , Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
- Levenson , H. 1974 . Activism and powerful others: Distinctions with the concept of internal-external control . J. Personal. Assess. , 38 : 377 – 83 .
- Li , Y. 2008 . Assessing Canadian consumers' perceptions for food safety and environment safety , Edmonton, Alberta, , Canada : Unpublished MSc dissertation, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta .
- McCluskey , J. J. , Grimsrud , K. M. , Ouchi , H. and Wahl , T. I. 2005 . Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in Japan: Consumers' food safety perceptions and willingness to pay for tested beef . Aust. J. Agric. Resource Econ. , 49 : 197 – 209 .
- Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. 2003, 2007. Handbook for introduction of food traceability systems: Guidelines for food traceability. http://www.maff.go.jp/j/syouan/seisaku/trace/pdf/handbook_en.pdf (http://www.maff.go.jp/j/syouan/seisaku/trace/pdf/handbook_en.pdf) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute, Japan. 2007. Census 2007. http://www.stat.go.jp/english/index.htm (http://www.stat.go.jp/english/index.htm) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Mischel , W. 1968 . Personality and assessment , New York : Wiley .
- Mischel , W. 1969 . Continuity and change in personality . Am. Psychol. , 24 : 1012 – 18 .
- Moe , T. 1998 . Perspectives on traceability in food manufacture . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 9 : 211 – 14 .
- Moss , H. A. 1961 . The influence of personality and situational cautiousness on conceptual behaviour . J. Abnormal Soc. Psychol. , 63 : 629 – 35 .
- Nganje , E. W. , Kaitibie , S. and Taban , T. 2005 . Multinomial logit models comparing consumers' and producers' risk perception of specialty meat . Agribusiness , 21 : 375 – 90 .
- Nganje , W. , Miljkovic , D. and Ndembe , E. 2010 . Offsetting behaviour and the benefits of food safety policies in vegetable preparation and consumption . Agribusiness , 26 : 1 – 16 .
- Onozaka , Y. and Thilmany-McFadden , D. 2011 . Does local labelling complement or compete with other sustainable labels? A conjoint analysis of direct and joint values for fresh produce claims . Am. J. Agric. Econ , 93 : 693 – 706 .
- Pennings , J. M. E. , Wansink , B. and Meulenberg , M. T. G. 2002 . A note on modeling consumer reactions to a crisis: The case of the mad cow disease . Int. J. Res. Market. , 19 : 91 – 100 .
- Phares , E. J. 1976 . Locus of control in personality , Morristown, NJ : General Learning Press .
- Pines , H. S. 1973 . An attributional analysis of locus of control orientation and source of informational dependence . J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. , 26 : 262 – 72 .
- Redmond , E. C. and Griffith , C. J. 2004 . Consumer perception of food safety risk, control and responsibility . Appetite , 43 : 309 – 13 .
- Roosen , J. 2003 . Marketing of safe food through labeling . J. Food Distrib. Res. , 34 : 77 – 82 .
- Roselius , T. 1971 . Consumer rankings of risk reduction methods . J. Market. , 35 : 55 – 61 .
- Rotter , J. B. 1954 . Social learning and clinical psychology , Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice Hall .
- Rotter , J. B. , Liverant , S. and Crowne , D. P. 1961 . The growth and extinction of expectancies in chance controlled and skilled tasks . J. Psychol. , 52 : 161 – 77 .
- Rotter , J. B. 1966 . Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement . Psychol. Monogr. , 80 ( whole no. 609 )
- Rotter , J. B. , Chance , J. and Phares , E. J. 1972 . Applications of a social learning theory of personality , New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston .
- Schroeder, T., Tonsor, G., Mintert. J., and Pennings, J. M. E. 2006. Consumer risk perceptions and attitudes about beef food safety: Implications for improving supply chain management. http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2097/4167/1/SchroederConsumerRisk2006.pdf (http://krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2097/4167/1/SchroederConsumerRisk2006.pdf) (Accessed: 1 October 2010 ).
- Seeman , M. and Evans , J. W. 1962 . Alienation and learning in a hospital setting . Am. Sociol/ Rev. , 27 : 772 – 83 .
- Souza-Monteiro, D. M., and Caswell, J. A.. 2004. the economics of implementing traceability in beef supply chains: Trends in major producing and trading countries. Working paper no. 2004-6. Department of Resource Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/14521/1/wp040006.pdf (http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/14521/1/wp040006.pdf)
- Sparks , P. and Shepherd , R. 1994 . Public perceptions of the potential hazards associated with food production and food consumption: An experimental study . Risk Anal. , 14 : 799 – 806 .
- Statistics Canada. 2006 Census. http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm (http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/index-eng.cfm) (Accessed: 1 May 2010 ).
- Tanaka , K. 2008 . Seven samurai to protect ‘our’ food: The reform of the food safety regulatory system in Japan after the BSE crisis of 2001 . Agric. Hum. Values. , 25 : 567 – 80 .
- Teisl , M. F. , Fein , S. B. and Levy , A. S. 2009 . Information effects on consumer attitudes toward three food technologies: Organic production, biotechnology, and irradiation . Food Qual. Pref. , 20 : 586 – 96 .
- Trautman, D., Goddard, E., Nilsson, T. 2008. Traceability—A literature review. Project report 08-02. Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. http://https://re.sitecore.ualberta.ca/en/Research/~/media/University%20of%20Alberta/Faculties/ALES/Departments/Rural%20Economy/Department%20Site/Documents/Project%20Reports/projectreport0802.ashx (http://https://re.sitecore.ualberta.ca/en/Research/~/media/University%20of%20Alberta/Faculties/ALES/Departments/Rural%20Economy/Department%20Site/Documents/Project%20Reports/projectreport0802.ashx)
- Veeman, M., and Li, Y. 2006. Canadian consumers' preferences for food safety and agricultural environment safety. Project report CMD-06-01. Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. http://www.consumerdemand.re.ualberta.ca/Publications/CMD%2006-01.pdf (http://www.consumerdemand.re.ualberta.ca/Publications/CMD%2006-01.pdf)
- Veeman, M., and Li, Y. 2007. Investigating changes in Canadian consumers' food safety concerns, 2003 and 2005. Project report CMD-07-02. Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. http://www.consumerdemand.re.ualberta.ca/Publications/CMD%2007-02.pdf (http://www.consumerdemand.re.ualberta.ca/Publications/CMD%2007-02.pdf)
- Verbeke , W. , Sioen , I. , Pieniak , Z. , van Camp , J. and de Henauw , S. 2005 . Consumer perception versus scientific evidence about health benefits and safety risks from fish consumption . Public Health Nutr. , 8 : 422 – 29 .
- Verbeke , W. and Viaene , J. 1999 . Beliefs, attitude and behaviour towards fresh meat consumption in Belgium: Empirical evidence from a consumer survey . Food Qual. Pref , 10 : 437 – 45 .
- Wilcock , A. , Pun , M. , Khanona , J. and Aung , M. 2004 . Consumer attitudes, knowledge and behaviour: a review of food safety issues . Trends Food Sci. Technol. , 15 : 56 – 66 .
- Yang , J. 2010 . BSE impacts on the Canadian beef industry—An application of the social amplification of risk framework to consumer and producer behaviour , Edmonton, Alberta, , Canada : Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta .
- Yeung , R. M. W. and Morris , J. 2001 . Food safety risk: Consumer perception and purchase behaviour . Br. Food J. , 103 : 170 – 86 .
- Zhen , C. 2006 . Food safety, habits, and rational expectations in United States meat demand , Raleigh : Unpublished PhD dissertation, North Carolina State University .