Development of a Strategy for Biological Monitoring in a Chemical Plant Producing 3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine Dihydrochloride

REFERENCES

• Birner , G. and Neumann , H. G. 1988 . Biomonitoring of aromatic amines. II. Hemoglobin binding of some monocyclic aromatic amines . Arch. Toxicol. , 62 : 110 – 15 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Birner , G. , Albrecht , W. and Neumann , H. G. 1990 . Biomonitoring of aromatic amines. III. Hemoglobin binding of benzidine and some benzidine congeners . Arch. Toxicol. , 64 : 97 – 102 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft . 2000 . “ Analyses of hazardous substances in biological materials ” . In Haemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines , Edited by: Angerer , J. and Schaller , K. H. Vol. 7 , 191 – 219 . Weinheim , , Germany : Wiley-VCH .
   Google Scholar
• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft . 2011 . “ List of MAK and BAT values 2011 ” . In Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area, report no. 47 , 228 Weinheim , , Germany : Wiley-VCH .
   Google Scholar
• Gerarde , H. W. and Gerarde , D. F. 1974 . Industrial experience with 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine: An epidemiological study of a chemical manufacturing plant . J. Occup. Med. , 16 : 322 – 35 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghosal , A. and Iba , M. M. 1990 . In vivo binding of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine to rat and mouse tissue DNA . Cancer Lett. , 53 : 197 – 204 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golka , K. , Kopps , S. and Myslak , Z. W. 2004 . Carcinogenicity of azo colorants: Influence of solubility and bioavailability . Toxicol. Lett. , 151 : 203 – 10 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guerbet , M. , Brisorgueuil , E. , Jolibois , B. , Caillard , J. F. and Gehanno , J. F. 2007 . Evaluation of urinary mutagenicity in azo dye manufacture workers . Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health , 20 : 137 – 45 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hatfield , T. R. , Roberts , E. C. , Bell , I. F. , Clunie , J. C. , Kalla , P. J. and McKay , D. L. 1982 . Urine monitoring of textile workers exposed to dichlorobenzidine-derived pigments . J. Occup. Med. , 24 : 656 – 58 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hsu , R. S. and Sikka , H. C. 1982 . Disposition of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine in the rat . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 64 : 306 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• IARC . 1974 . Some aromatic amines, hydrazine and related substances . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum. , 4 : 286
   Google Scholar
• IARC . 1982a . Some industrial chemicals and dyestuffs . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen Risks Hum. , 29 : 416
   Google Scholar
• IARC . 1982b . Chemicals, industrial processes and industries associated with cancer in humans . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum. Suppl. , 4 : 292
   Google Scholar
• IARC . 1987 . Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity . IARC Monogr. Eval. Carcinogen. Risks Hum. Suppl. , 7 : 440
   Google Scholar
• Joppich-Kuhn , R. , Hänggi , R. , Sagelsdorff , P. , Smith , A. E. , Weideli , H. J. and Joppich , M. 1997 . Determination of dichlorobenzidine-hemoglobin adducts by GC/MS-NCI . Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health , 69 : 240 – 46 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kellner , H. M. , Christ , O. E. and Lötzsch , K. 1973 . Animal studies on the kinetics of benzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine . Arch. Toxicol. , 31 : 61 – 79 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. H. and Shin , H. S. 2002 . Determination of hemoglobin adducts formed in rats exposed orally with 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine by GC/MS-SIM . Toxicol. Ind. Health , 18 : 191 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , J. H. , Shin , H. S. , Jung , D. G. and Lee , Y. S. 2003 . Urinary monitoring method of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine (DCB) and its metabolites, N-acetyl-DCB and N,N'-diacetyl-DCB . Ind. Health , 41 : 242 – 48 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacIntyre , D. I. 1975 . Experience of tumors in a British plant handling 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine . J. Occup. Med. , 17 : 23 – 26 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• National Toxicology Program. 2005. Report on carcinogens, 11th ed. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program. http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/toc11.html (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/toc11.html)
   Google Scholar
• Neumann , H. G. 1984 . Analysis of hemoglobin as a dose monitor for alkylating and arylating agents . Arch. Toxicol. , 56 : 1 – 6 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Connor , R. B. 1975 . Editorial: What constitutes proof? (3,3′-dichlorobenzidine) . J. Occup. Med. , 17 : 51
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sagelsdorff , P. , Haenggi , R. , Heuberger , B. , Joppich-Kuhn , R. , Jung , R. , Weideli , H. J. and Joppich , M. 1996 . Lack of bioavailability of dichlorobenzidine from diarylide azo pigments: Molecular dosimetry for hemoglobin and DNA adducts . Carcinogenesis , 17 : 507 – 14 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SCOEL [Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits]. 2009. Methodology for the derivation of Occupational Exposure Limits, version 6, p. 36. European Commission: Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion, Luxemburg. http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=153&langId=en&intPageId=684 (http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=153&langId=en&intPageId=684) (Accessed: Feb 2012 ).
   Google Scholar
• Tanaka , K. 1981 . Urinary metabolites of 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and their mutagenicity . Sangyo Igaku , 23 : 426 – 27 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang , B. , Yu , G. , Yu , Y. J. , Huang , J. , Hu , H. Y. and Wang , L. S. 2009 . Health risk assessment of organic pollutants in Jiangsu reach of the Huaihe River, China . Water Sci. Technol. , 59 : 907 – 16 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar