Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNT) Induce Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity Produced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Generation in Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-Stimulated Male Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

REFERENCES

• Beg, S., Rizwan, M., Sheikh, A.M., Hasnain, M.S., Anwer, K., and Kohli, K. 2011. Advancement in carbon nanotubes: Basics, biomedical applications and toxicity. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 63: 141–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, D. M., Kinloch, I. A., Bangert, U., Windle, A. H., Walter, D. M., Walker, G. S., Scotchford, C. A., Donaldson, K., and Stone, V. 2007. An in vitro study of the potential of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres to induce inflammatory mediators and frustrated phagocytosis, Carbon 45: 1743–1756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Card, J. W., Zeldin, D. C., Bonner, J. C., and Nestman, E. R. 2008. Pulmonary applications and toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Am. J. Physiol. 295: L400–L411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cassel, S. L., Eisenbarth, S. C., Iyer, S. S., Sadler, J. J., Colegio, O. R., Tephly, L. A., Carter, A. B., Rothman, P. B., Flavell, R. A., and Sutterwala, F. S. 2008. The Nalp3 inflammasome is essential for the development of silicosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 9035–9040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicchetti, R., Divizia, M., Valentini, F., and Argentin, G. 2011. Effects of single-wall carbon nanotubes in human cells of the oral cavity: Geno-cytotoxic risk. Toxicol. In Vitro. 25: 1811–1819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark, K. A., O’Driscoll, C., Cooke, C. A., Smith, B. A., Wepasnick, K., Fairbrother, D. H., Lees, P. S., and Bressler, J. P. 2012. Evaluation of the interactions between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and Caco-2 cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 75: 25–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson, K., and Poland, C. A. 2012. Inhaled nanoparticles and lung cancer—What we can learn from conventional particle toxicology. Swiss Med. Weekly. 142: w13547.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dostert, C., Pétrilli, V., Van Bruggen, R., Steele, C., Mossman, B. T., and Tschopp, J. 2008. Innate immune activation through Nalp3 inflammasome sensing of asbestos and silica. Science 320: 674–677.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dresselhaus, M., Dresselhaus, G., Eklund, P., and Saito, R. 1998. Carbon nanotubes. Phys. World 11: 33–38.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droge, W. 2002. Free radical in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol. Rev. 82: 47–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feazell, R. P., Nakayama-Ratchford, N., Dai, H., and Lippard, S. J. 2007. Soluble singlewalled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum(IV) anticancer drug design. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129: 8438–8439.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenech, M., 2000. The in vitro micronucleus technique. Mutat. Res. 455: 81–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkel, T. 2001. Reactive oxygen species and signal transduction. IUBMB Life 52: 3–6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkel, T. 2003. Oxidant signals and oxidative stress. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15: 247–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gannon, C. J., Cherukuri, P., Yakobson, B. I., Cognet, L., Kanzius, J. S., Kittrell, C., Weisman, R. B., Pasquali, M., Schmidt, H. K., Smalley, R. E., and Curley, S. A. 2007. Carbon nanotube-enhanced thermal destruction of cancer cells in a noninvasive radiofrequency field. Cancer 110: 2654–2665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzales, L., Lison, D., and Kirsch-Volders, M. 2008. Genotoxicity of engineered nanomaterials: A critical review. Nanotoxicology 2: 252–273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, N. L., Wan, Y. W., Denvir, J., Porter, D. W., Pacurari, M., Wolfarth, M. G., Castranova, V., and Qian, Y. 2012. Multiwalled carbon nanotube-induced gene signatures in the mouse lung: Potential predictive value for human lung cancer risk and prognosis. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 75: 1129–1153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gwinn, M. R., and Vallyathan, V. 2006. Nanoparticles: health effects—Pros and cons. Environ. Health Perspect. 114: 1818–1825.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog, E., Byrne, H. J., and Casey, A., Davoren, D., Lenz, A. G., Maier, K. L., Duschl, A., and Oostingh, G. J. 2009a. SWCNT suppress inflammatory mediator responses in human lung epithelium in vitro. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 234: 378–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herzog, E., Byrne, H. J., Davoren, M., Casey, A., Duschl, A., and Oostingh, G. J. 2009b. Dispersion medium modulates oxidative stress response of human lung epithelial cells upon exposure to carbon nanomaterial samples. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 236: 276–281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeong, H. J., Hong, S. H., Lee, D. J., Park, J. H., Kim, K. S., and Kim, H. M. 2002. Role of Ca(2+) on TNF-alpha and IL-6 secretion from RBL-2H3 mast cells. Cell. Signal. 14: 633–639.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jia, G., Wang, H., Yan, L., Wang, X., Pei, R., Yan, T., Zhao, Y., and Guo, X. 2005. Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials: single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39: 1378–1383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. S., Kim, T. L., Kim, K. C., Choe, C., Chung, H. W., Cho, E. W., and Kim, I. G. 2006. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase partially regulates cell growth of HL-60 cells by controlling the intracellular ROS level: Early senescence and sensitization to gamma-radiation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 456: 58–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. S., Song, K. S., Joo, H. J., Lee, J. H., and Yu, I. J. 2010. Determination of cytotoxicity attributed to multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in normal human embryonic lung cell (WI-38) line. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 73: 1521–1529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. S., Song, K. S., Lee, J. H., and Yu, I. J. 2011a. Evaluation of biocompatible dispersants for carbon nanotube toxicity tests. Arch. Toxicol. 85: 1499–1508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim, J. K., Lee, S. M., Suk, K., and Lee, W. H. 2011b. A novel pathway responsible for lipopolysaccharide-induced translational regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 expression involves protein kinase C and fascin. J. Immunol. 187: 6327–6334.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaapen, A. M., Borm, P. J., Albrecht, C., and Schins, R. P. 2004. Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: Mechanisms. Int. J. Cancer 109: 799–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacerda, L., Bianco, A., Prato, M., and Kostarelos, K. 2006. Carbon nanotubes as nanomedicines: from toxicology to pharmacology. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 58: 1460–1470.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamprecht, C., Liashkovich, I., Neves, V., Danzberger, J., Heister, E., Rangl, M., Coley, H. M., McFadden, J., Flahaut, E., Gruber, H. J., Hinterdorfer, P., Kienberger, F., and Ebner, A. 2009. AFM imaging of functionalized carbon nanotubes on biological membranes. Nanotechnology 20: 434001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, D., Yi, C., Zhang, D., Zhang, J., and Yang, M. 2010. Inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by carboxylated carbon nanotubes. ACS Nano 27: 2185–2195.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madani, S.Y., Naderi, N., Dissanayake, O., Tan, A., and Seifalian, A.M. 2011. A new era of cancer treatment: carbon nanotubes as drug delivery tools. Int. J. Nanomed 6: 2963–2979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manna, S. K., Sarkar, S., Barr, J., Wise, K., Barrera, E. V., Jejelowo, O., Rice-Ficht, A. C., and Ramesh, G. T. 2005. Single-walled carbon nanotube induces oxidative stress and activates nuclear transcription factor-kappaB in human keratinocytes. Nano Lett. 5: 1676–1684.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martindale, J. L., and Holbrook, N. J. 2002. Cellular response to oxidative stress: signaling for suicide and survival. J. Cell Physiol. 192: 1–15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, A.R., Kisin, E., Leonard, S. S., Young, S. H., Kommineni, C., Kagan, V. E., Castranova, V., and Shvedova, A. A. 2009. Oxidative stress and inflammatory response in dermal toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Toxicology 257: 161–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacurari, M., Castranova, V., and Vallyathan, V. 2010. Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes versus asbestos: Are the carbon nanotubes a new health risk to humans? J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 73: 378–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pacurari, M., Qian, Y., Fu, W., Schweger-Berry, D., Ding, M., Castranova, V., and Guo, N. L. 2012. Cell permeability, migration, and reactive oxygen species induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in human microvascular endothelial cells. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 75: 112–2128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pantarotto, D., Briand, J. P., Prato, M., and Bianco, A. 2004. Translocation of bioactive peptides across cell membranes by carbon nanotubes. Chem. Commun. (Cambridge) 1: 16–17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paradise, M., and Goswami, T. 2007. Carbon nanotube production and industrial applications. Mater. Des. 28: 1477–1489.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, E. J., Roh, J., Kim, S. N., Kang, M. S., Lee, B. S., Kim, Y., and Choi, S. 2011. Biological toxicity and inflammatory response of semi-single-walled carbon nanotubes. PLoS One 6: e25892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Porter, D., Sriram, K., Wolfarth, M., Jefferson A., Schwegler-Berry, D., Andrew, M. E., and Castranova, V. 2008. A biocompatible medium for nanoparticle dispersion. Nanotoxicology 2: 144–154.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pulskamp, K., Diabaté, S., and Krug, H. F. 2007. Carbon nanotubes show no sign of acute toxicity but induce intracellular reactive oxygen species in dependence on contaminants. Toxicol. Lett. 168: 58–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Riganti, C., Aldieri, E., Bergandi, L., Tomatis, M., Fenoglio, I., Costamagna, C., Fubini, B., Bosia, A., and Ghigo, D. 2003. Long and short fiber amosite asbestos alters at a different extent the redox metabolism in human lung epithelial cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 193: 106–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sager, T. M., and Castranova, V. 2009. Surface area of particle administered versus mass in determining the pulmonary toxicity of ultrafine and fine carbon black: comparison to ultrafine titanium dioxide. Part. Fibre Toxicol. 6:15.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sahoo, N. G., Bao, H., Pan, Y., Pal, M., Kakran, M., Cheng, H. K., Li, L., and Tan, L. P. 2011. Functionalized carbon nanomaterials as nanocarriers for loading and delivery of a poorly water-soluble anticancer drug: A comparative study. Chem. Commun. (Cambridge) 47: 5235–5237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schins, R. P. 2002. Mechanisms of genotoxicity of particles and fibers. Inhal. Toxicol. 14: 57–78.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schins, R. P., and Knaapen, A. M. 2007. Genotoxicity of poorly soluble particles. Inhal. Toxicol. 19(suppl. 1): 189–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh, N. P., Mc Coy, M. T., Tice, R. R., and Schneider, E. L. 1988. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Exp. Cell Res. 175: 184–191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinnott, S. B., and Andrews, R. 2001. Carbon nanotubes: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 26: 145–249.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Subramoney, S. 1998. Novel nanocarbons—Structure, properties, and potential applications. Adv. Mater. 10: 1157–1171.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Surrallés, J., Xamena, N., Creus, A., Catalán, J., Norppa, H., and Marcos, R. 1995. Induction of micronuclei by five pyrethroid insecticides in whole blood and isolated human lymphocyte cultures. Mutat. Res. 341:169–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, C. L., Hankin, S. M., Ross, B., Aitken, R. J., Jones, A. D., Donaldson, K., Stone, V., and Tantra, R. 2008. An outline scoping study to determine whether high aspect ratio nanoparticles (HARN) should raise the same concerns as do asbestos fibres, Institute on Medicine Report on Project CB0406, Edinburgh, UK.
   Google Scholar
• Tian, F., Cui, D., Schwarz, H., Estrada, G. G., and Kobayashi, H. 2006. Cytotoxicity of single-wall carbon nanotubes on human fibroblasts. Toxicol. In Vitro 20: 1202–1212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S. T., Wang, X., Jia, G., Gu, Y., Wang, T., Nie, H., Ge, C., Wang, H., and Liu, Y. 2008. Long-term accumulation and low toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes in intravenously exposed mice. Toxicol. Lett. 181: 182–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu, K. N., Kim, J. E., Seo, H. W., Chae, C., and Cho, M. H. 2013. Differential toxic responses between pristine and functionalized multiwall nanotubes involve induction of autophagy accumulation in murine lung. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 76: 1282–1292.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J., and Castranova, V. 2011. Toxicology of nanomaterials used in nanomedicine. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 14: 593–632.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar