Effects of several atypical antipsychotics closapine, sertindole or ziprasidone on hepatic antioxidant enzymes: Possible role in drug-induced liver dysfunction

References

• American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2015. Drug Information 2015, 2496. Bethesda, MD. pp.2496.
   Google Scholar
• Baig, M. R., E. Navaira, M. A. Escamilla, H. Raventos, and C. Walss-Bass. 2010. Clozapine treatment causes oxidation of proteins involved in energy metabolism in lymphoblastoid cells: A possible mechanism for antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations. J. Psyc. Practice 16 (5):325–33. doi:10.1097/01.pra.0000388627.36781.6a.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balestrieri, M., C. Vampini, and C. Bellantuono. 2000. Efficacy and safety of novel antipsychotics: A critical review. Human Psychopharmacol 15 (7):499–512. doi:10.1002/1099-1077(200010)15:7<499::AID-HUP194>3.0.CO;2-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X., C. Guo, and J. Kang. 2012. Oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regenerative Res. 7:376–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean, L. 2016. Clozapine therapy and CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4 genotypes. In Medical Genetics Summaries [Internet], ed. V. M. Pratt, H. L. McLeod, W. S. Rubinstein, et al. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US).
   Google Scholar
• Frukawa, S., T. Fujita, M. I. Shimabukuro, M. Yamada, Y. Nakayama, Y. Nakayama, O. Makishima, M. Matsuda, and I. Shimomura. 2004. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J. Clinic. Investigation 114 (12):1752–61. doi:10.1172/JCI21625.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita, A. K. 2009. Metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress. Free Radical Biol. Med. 47 (3):213–18. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.04.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaertner, H. J., E. Fischer, and J. Hoss. 1989. Side effects of clozapine. Psychopharmacology 99 (Suppl):S97–S100. doi:10.1007/BF00442570.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaertner., I., K. Altendorf, A. Batra, and H. J. Gaertner. 2001. Relevance of liver enzyme elevations with four different neuroleptics: A retrospective review of 7,263 treatment courses. J. Clinic. Psychopharmacol 21 (2):215–22. doi:10.1097/00004714-200104000-00014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez, F. J. 2005. Role of cytochromes P450 in chemical toxicity and oxidative stress: Studies with CYP2E1. Mutation Res. 569 (1–2):101–10. doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.04.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Habig, W. H., M. J. Pabst, and W. B. Jakoby. 1974. Glutathione S-transferases: The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J. Biol. Chem. 249:7130–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haddad, P. M., and C. U. Correll. 2018. The acute efficacy of antipsychotics in schizophrenia: A review of recent meta-analyses. Therapeutic Adv. Psychopharmacol. 8 (11):303–18. doi:10.1177/2045125318781475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hinkle, E. D., W. Wiersma, and G. S. Jurs. 1994. Applied statistics for behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
   Google Scholar
• Juruena, M. F., P. E. de Sena, and R. I. de Oliveira. 2011. Sertindole in the management of schizophrenia. J. Central Nervous System Disease 3:75–85. doi:10.4137/JCNSD.S5729.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Keane, S., A. Lane, T. Larkin, and M. Clarke. 2009. Management of clozapine-related hepatotoxicity. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 29 (6):606–07. doi:10.1097/JCP.0b013e3181c163ef.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kullak-Ublick, G. A., R. J. Andrade, M. Merz, P. End, A. Benesic, A. L. Gerbes, and G. P. Aithal. 2017. Drug-induced liver injury: Recent advances in diagnosis and risk assessment. Gut 66:1154–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liguori, I., G. Russo, F. Curcio, G. Bulli, L. Aran, D. Della-Morte, G. Gargiulo, G. Testa, F. Cacciatore, D. Bonaduce, et al. 2018. Oxidative stress, aging, and diseases. Clinical Interventions Aging. 13:757–72. doi:10.2147/CIA.S158513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lisi, D. M. 2016. Drug-induced liver injury: An overview. Gastroenterology 41:30–34.
   Google Scholar
• LiverTox. 2012. Clinical and research information on drug induced liver injury [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Ziprasidone. Accessed 2017 October 16. Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/s/bookNBK548663/
   Google Scholar
• Lowry, O. H., N. L. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. I. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193:265–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundbeck, H. A. S. 2014. Safety study of sertindole versus risperidone under normal conditions of use (SCoP) [NCT00856583]. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00856583?sect=X30156#evnt
   Google Scholar
• Miljević, C., M. Nikolić, A. Nikolić-Kokić, D. Jones, V. Niketić, D. Lečić-Tosevski, and M. B. Spasic. 2010. Lipid status, anti-oxidant enzyme defence and haemoglobin content in the blood of long-term clozapine-treated schizophrenic patients. Progress Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 34 (2):303–07. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.11.024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mittal, M., M. Rizwan Siddiqui, K. Tran, S. Reddy, and A. B. Malik. 2014. Reactive oxygen species in inflammation and tissue injury. Antioxidants. Redox Signaling 20 (7):1126–67. doi:10.1089/ars.2012.5149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morry, J., W. Ngamcherdtrakul, and W. Yantasee. 2017. Oxidative stress in cancer and fibrosis: Opportunity for therapeutic intervention with antioxidant compounds, enzymes, and nanoparticles. Redox Biol. 11:240–53. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newcomer, J. W. 2005. Second-generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: A comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs 19 (Supplement 1):1–93. doi:10.2165/00023210-200519001-00001.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nicolson, S. E., and C. B. Nemeroff. 2007. Ziprasidone in the treatment of mania in bipolar disorder. Neuropsyc. Dis. Treatment 3:823–34.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nikolic-Kokić, A., N. Tatalović, J. Nestorov, M. Mijović, A. Mijušković., M. Miler, Z. Oreščanin-Dušić, M. Nikolić, V. Milošević, D. Blagojević, et al. 2018. Clozapine, ziprasidone, and sertindole-induced morphological changes in the rat heart and their relationship to antioxidant enzymes function. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 81 (17):844–53. doi:10.1080/15287394.2018.1495587.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pillai, A., V. Parikh, J., . A. Terry, and S. P. Mahadik. 2007. Long-term antipsychotic treatment and crossover studies in rats: Differential effects of typical and atypical agents on the expression of antioxidant enzymes and membrane lipid peroxidation in rat brain. J. Psychiatric Res. 41 (5):372–86. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.01.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirmohamed, M., D. Williams, S. Madden, E. Templeton, and B. K. Park. 1995. Metabolism and bioactivation of clozapine by human liver in vitro. J. Pharmacol. Experimental Therapeutics 272:984–90.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qinyu, L. V., and Y. I. Zhenghui. 2018. Antipsychotic drugs and liver injury. Shanghai Archchive Psychiatry 30:47–51.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Raha, S., V. H. Taylor, and A. C. Holloway. 2012. Effect of atypical antipsychotics on fetal growth: Is the placenta involved? J. Pregnancy 1:315203.
   Google Scholar
• Reagan-Shaw, S., M. Nihal, and N. Ahmad. 2008. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. Faseb J 22 (3):659–61. doi:10.1096/fj.07-9574LSF.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristić, A. J., D. Savić, D. Sokić, J. Bogdanović Pristov, J. Nestorov, V. Baščarević, S. Raičević, S. Savić, and I. Spasojević. 2015. Hippocampal antioxidative system in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 56 (5):789–99. doi:10.1111/epi.12981.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Senoner, T., and W. Dichtl. 2019. Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: Still a therapeutic target? Nutrients 11 (9):2090. doi:10.3390/nu11092090.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, J. J., J. K. Sliwa, J. C. Amatniek, and M. Carla. 2010. Atypical antipsychotic metabolism and excretion. Current Drug Metabolism 11 (6):516–25. doi:10.2174/138920010791636202.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slim, M., I. Medina-Caliz, A. Gonzalez-Jimenez, M. Rosario Cabello, F. Mayoral-Cleries, M. I. Lucena, and R. J. Andrade. 2016. Hepatic safety of atypical antipsychotics: Current evidence and future directions. Drug Safety 39:925–43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroup, T. S., and N. Gray. 2018. Management of common adverse effects of antipsychotic medications. World Psychiatry 17 (3):341–56. doi:10.1002/wps.20567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urichuk, L., T. I. Prior, S. Dursun, and G. Baker. 2008. Metabolism of atypical antipsychotics: Involvement of cytochrome p450 enzymes and relevance for drug-drug interactions. Current Drug Metabolism 9 (5):410–18. doi:10.2174/138920008784746373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valko, M., D. Leibfritz, J. Moncol, M. T. D. Cronin, M. Mazur, and J. Telser. 2007. Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 39 (1):44–84. doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2006.07.001.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vredenburg, G., K. P. Vassell, J. N. Commandeur, N. P. Vermeulen, and J. C. Vos. 2013. Reconstitution of the interplay between cytochrome P450 and human glutathione S-transferases in clozapine metabolism in yeast. Toxicology Letters 222 (3):247–56. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.07.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xu, H., and X. Zhuang. 2019. Atypical antipsychotics-induced metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A critical review. Neuropsychiatric Dis. Treatment 15:2087–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, L., and N. Kaplowitz. 2013. Mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury. Clinical Liver Disease 17 (4):507–18. doi:10.1016/j.cld.2013.07.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zlatković, J., N. Todorović, N. Tomanović, M. Bošković, S. Djordjević, T. Lazarević-Pašti, R. E. Bernardi, A. Djurdjević, and D. Filipović. 2014. Chronic administration of fluoxetine or clozapine induces oxidative stress in rat liver: A histopathological study. Er. J. Pharmac. Sci. 59:20–30.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar