Toxicity of vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride as seen through epidemiologic observations

References

• Arnaud , A. , Pommier de Santi , P. , Garbe , L. , Payan , H. and Charpin , J. 1978 . Polyvinyl chloride pneumoconiosis . Thorax , 33 : 19 – 25 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brady , J. S. , Liberatore , F. , Harper , P. , Greenwald , P. , Burnett , W. , Davies , J. N. P. , Bishop , M. , Polan , A. and Vianna , N. 1977 . Angiosarcoma of the liver: An epidemiologic study . J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , 59 : 1383 – 1385 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Buffler , P. A. , Wood , S. , Eifler , M. A. , Suarez , L. and Kilian , D. J. 1979 . Mortality experience of workers in a vinyl chloride monomer production plant . J. Occup. Med. , 21 : 195 – 203 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Byren , D. , Engholm , G. , Englund , A. and Westerholm , P. 1976 . Mortality and cancer morbidity in a group of Swedish VCM and PVC production workers . Environ. Health Perspect. , 17 : 167 – 170 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casterline , C. L. , Casterline , P. F. and Jaques , D. A. 1977 . Squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa associated with chronic oral polyvinyl chloride exposure . Cancer , 39 : 1686 – 1688 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christine , B. W. , Barrett , H. S. and Lloyd , D. S. 1974 . Epidemiologic notes and reports. Angiosarcoma of the liver–Connecticut . Morbid. Mortal. Weekly Rep. , 23 : 210 – 211 .
   Google Scholar
• Creech , J. L. and Johnson , M. N. 1974 . Angiosarcoma of the liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride . J. Occup. Med. , 16 : 150 – 151 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Falk , H. 1976 . Discussion of part II: Chemical carcinogenesis . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 271 : 473 – 480 .
   Google Scholar
• Fox , A. J. and Collier , P. F. 1977 . Mortality experience of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride in Great Britain . Br. J. Ind. Med. , 34 : 1 – 10 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frongia , N. , Spinazzola , A. and Bucarelli , A. 1974 . Lesioni polmonari sperimentali da inalazione prolungata di polveri di PVC in ambiente di lavoro. (Experimental lung damage from prolonged inhalation of airborne PVC dust.) . Med. Lav. , 65 : 321 – 342 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lilis , R. , Anderson , H. , Nicholson , W. J. , Daum , S. , Fishbein , A. S. and Selikoff , I. J. 1975 . Prevalence of disease among vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride workers . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 246 : 22 – 40 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lloyd , J. W. 1975 . Angiosarcoma of the liver in vinyl chloride/polyvinyl chloride workers . J. Occup. Med. , 17 : 333 – 334 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Maltoni , C. 1976a . Predictive value of carcinogenesis bioassays . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 271 : 431 – 443 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltoni , C. 1976b . Precursor lesions in exposed populations as indicators of occupational cancer risk . Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. , 271 : 444 – 447 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maltoni , C. 1977 . “ Vinyl chloride carcinogenicity: An experimental model for carcinogenesis studies ” . In Origins of Human Cancer , Edited by: Hiatt , H. H. , Watson , J. D. and Winsten , J. A. 119 – 146 . Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory . book A.
   Google Scholar
• Mastrangelo , G. , Manno , M. , Marcer , G. , Bartolucci , G. B. , Gemignani , C. , Saladino , G. , Simonato , L. and Saia , B. 1979 . Polyvinyl chloride pneumoconiosis: Epidemiological study of exposed workers . J. Occup. Med. , 21 : 540 – 542 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller , A. , Teirstein , A. S. , Chuang , M. , Selikoff , I. J. and Warshaw , R. 1975 . Changes in pulmonary function in workers exposed to vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 246 : 42 – 52 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ott , M. G. , Langner , R. R. and Holder , B. B. 1975 . Vinyl chloride exposure in a controlled industrial environment. A long‐term mortality experience in 594 employees . Arch. Environ. Health , 30 : 333 – 339 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szende , B. , Lapis , K. , Nemes , A. and Pinter , A. 1970 . Pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of polyvinyl chloride dust . Med. Lav. , 61 : 433 – 436 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tabershaw , I. R. and Gaffey , W. R. 1974 . Mortality studies of workers in the manufacture of vinyl chloride and its polymers . J. Occup. Med. , 16 : 509 – 518 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Viola , P. L. , Bigotti , A. and Caputo , A. 1971 . Oncogenic response of rat skin, lungs and bones to vinyl chloride . Cancer Res. , 31 : 516 – 522 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waxweiler , R. J. , Stringer , W. , Wagoner , J. K. , Jones , J. , Falk , H. and Carter , C. 1976 . Neoplastic risk among workers exposed to vinyl chloride . Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. , 271 : 40 – 48 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Waxweiler , R.J. , Smith , A. H. , Tyroler , H. A. and Falk , H. An epidemiologic investigation of an excess lung cancer risk in a synthetic chemicals plant . Paper presented at the International Congress on Occupational Health . Sept. 25–30 , Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia.
   Google Scholar