The effects of acrylonitrile on hemoglobin and red cell metabolism

References

• Abreu , M. E. and Ahmed , A. E. 1980 . Metabolism of acrylonitrile to cyanide—In vitro studies . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 8 : 376 – 379 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams , H. 1963 . “ Adenosine‐5'‐triphosphate determination with phosphoglycerate kinease ” . In Methods in Enzyme Analysis , Edited by: Bermeyer , U. 539 New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ahmed , A. E. and Farooqui , M. Y. H. 1982 . Comparative toxicities of aliphatic nitriles . Toxicol. Lett , 12 : 157 – 163 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed , A. E. , Farooqui , M. Y. H. , Upreti , R. K. and Elshabrawy , O. 1982 . Distribution and covalent interactions of 1‐l4C‐acrylonitrile in the rat . Toxicology , 23 : 159 – 176 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed , A. E. , Farooqui , M. Y. H. , Upreti , R. K. and Elshabrawy , O. 1983 . Comparative toxicokinetics of 2,3–14C and 1–14C acrylonitrile in the rat . J. Appl. Toxicol. , 3 : 39 – 47 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Awasthi , Y. C. , Garg , H. S. , Dao , D. D. , Partridge , C. A. and Srivastava , S. K. 1981 . Enzymic conjugation of crythrocyte glutathione with 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene: The fate of glutathione conjugate in erythrocytes and the effect of glutathione depletion on hemoglobin . Blood , 58 : 733 – 738 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler , F. 1975a . Red Cell Metabolism‐A Manual of Biochemical Methods , New York : Grune and Stratton .
   Google Scholar
• Beutler , F. 1975b . Disorders in glutathione metabolism . Life Sci. , 16 : 1499 – 1509 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boyland , E. and Chasseaud , L. F. 1969 . The role of glutathione and glutathione S‐transferases in mercapturic acid biosynthesis . Adv. Enzymol. , 31 : 173 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Chasseaud , L. F. 1973 . Distribution of enzymes that catalyze reactions in glutathione with α‐β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds . Biochem. J. , 131 : 765 – 773 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davidsohn , J. and Nelson , D. A. 1974 . “ The blood ” . In Todd‐Sanford Clinical Diagnosis by Laboratory Methods , Edited by: Davidsohn , I. and Henry , J. B. Philadelphia : W. B. Saunders .
   Google Scholar
• Dudley , H. C. and Neal , P. A. 1942 . Toxicity of acylonitrile (vinyl cyanide) I. A study of the acute toxicity . J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. , 24 : 27 – 38 .
   Google Scholar
• Ellman , G. and Lysko , H. 1978 . A precise method for the determination of whole blood and plasma sulfhydryl groups . Anal. Biochem. , 93 : 98 – 105 .
   Google Scholar
• Evelyn , K. A. and Malloy , H. T. 1938 . Microdetermination of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin and sulfhemoglobin in a single sample of blood . J. Biol. Chem. , 126 : 655 – 663 .
   Google Scholar
• Farooqui , M. Y. H. and Ahmed , A. E. 1981 . Effect of acrylonitrile and potassium cyanide on red cell metabolism . Fed. Proc. , 39 : 749
   Google Scholar
• Farooqui , M. Y. H. and Ahmed , A. E. 1982 . Molecular interactions of acrylonitrile and potassium cyanide with rat blood . Chem.‐Biol. Interact , 38 : 145 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghanayem , B. I. and Ahmed , A. E. 1982 . In vivo biotransformation and biliary excretion of 1‐l4C‐acrylonitrile in rats . Arch. Toxicol. , 50 : 175 – 183 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guengerich , F. P. , Geiger , L. E. , Hogy , L. L. and Wright , P. L. 1981 . In vivo metabolism of acrylonitrile to 2‐cyanoethylene oxide, reaction with glutathione, and irreversible binding to proteins and nucleic acids . Cancer Res. , 41 : 5925 – 4933 .
   Google Scholar
• Iwata , H. , Masukawa , T. , Kasamatsu , S. , Inone , K. and Okamoto , H. 1977 . Acceleration of methemoglobin reduction in erythrocytes by selenium . Experientia , 33 : 678 – 680 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jaeger , R. J. , Conolly , R. B. and Murphy , S. D. 1973 . Diurnal variation of hepatic glutathione concentration and its correlation with 1,1‐dichloroethylene inhalation toxicity in rats . Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , 6 : 465 – 473 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kornberg , A. and Horecker , B. L. 1955 . “ Glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase ” . In Methods in Enzymology , Edited by: Colowich , S. P. and Kaplan , N. D. vol. 1 , 323 – 330 . New York : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Kosower , E. M. 1976 . “ Chemical properties of glutathione ” . In Glutathione: Metabolism and Functions , Edited by: Jakoby , W. B. and Arias , I. M. 1 New York : Raven Press .
   Google Scholar
• O'Dea , J. D. and Agar , N. S. 1980 . The rate of methemoglobin reduction and the level of reduced glutathione in the red blood cells of sheep . Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , 66B : 577 – 581 .
   Google Scholar
• Paulet , G. , Denson , J. and Battig , J. 1966 . The toxicity of acrylonitrile . Arch. Mol. Prof. , 27 : 849 – 856 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose , Z. B. and Leibowitz , J. 1970 . Direct determination of 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate . Anal. Biochem. , 35 : 177
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schultka , R. , Schmidt , R. , Wagner , G. and Faranzen , E. 1975 . Morphologische untersuchungen zur wirkung von acrylonitrile in subchronischen intoxications versuch bei der weiben ratte . Gegenbaurs. Morphol. Jahrb. , 121 : 609 – 615 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Srivastava , S. K. , Awasthi , Y. C. , Miller , S. P. , Yoshida , A. and Beutler , E. 1976 . Studies on γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase in rabbit erythrocytes . Blood , 47 : 645 – 649 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Szabo , S. , Hutner , I. , Kovacs , K. , Horvath , E. , Szabo , D. and Horner , H. 1980 . Pathogenesis of experimental adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis ("apoplexy"). Ultrastructural, biochemical, neuropharmacologic, and blood coagulation studies with acrylonitrile in the rat . Lab. Invest. , 42 : 533 – 549 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Bladeren , P. J. , Delbressine , L. P. C. , Hoogelep , J. J. , Beaumont , A. H. , Briemer , D. D. , Seuter‐Berlage , F. and Gen , A. V. 1981 . Formation of mercapturic acids from acrylonitrile, crotonitrile and cinnamonitrile by direct conjugation and via an intermediate oxidation process . Drug Metab. Dispos. , 9 : 246 – 251 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vainio , H. and Makinen , A. 1979 . Styrene and acrylonitrile induced depression of hepatic nonprotein sulfhydryl content in various rodent species . Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmacol. , 23 : 115 – 123 .
   Google Scholar