References
- Bachofen , M. and Weibel , E. R. 1977 . Alterations of the gas exchange apparatus in adult respiratory Insufficiency associated with septicemia . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 116 : 589 – 615 .
- Clark , J. M. and Lambertson , C. J. 1971 . Pulmonary oxygen toxicity: A review . Pharmacol. Rev. , 23 : 37 – 133 .
- Castleman , W. L. , Dungworth , D. L. and Tyler , W. S. 1973a . Cytochemically detected alterations of lung acid phosphates reactivity following ozone exposure . Lab. Invest. , 29 : 310 – 319 .
- Castleman , W. L. , Dungworth , D. L. and Tyler , W. S. 1973b . Histochemically detected enzymatic alterations in rat lungs exposed to ozone . Exp. Mol. Pathol. , 19 : 102 – 121 .
- Crapo , J. D. , Marsh‐Salin , J. , Pratt , P. and Ingram , P. 1978a . Studies of tolerance and cross‐tolerance using nitrogen dioxide and oxygen. II. Morphology and morphometry . J. Appl. Physiol.: Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol. , 44 : 370 – 379 .
- Crapo , J. D. , Peters‐Golden , M. , Marsh‐Salin , J. and Shelburne , J. S. 1978b . Pathologic changes in the lungs of oxygen treated rats—A morphometric analysis . Lab. Invest. , 39 : 640 – 653 .
- Crapo , J. D. , Barry , B. E. , Foscue , H. A. and Shelburne , J. 1980 . Structural and biochemical changes in rat lungs occurring during exposures to lethal and adaptive doses of oxygen . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 122 : 123 – 145 .
- Evans , M. J. , Johnson , L. V. , Stephens , R. J. and Freeman , G. 1976 . Cell renewal in the lungs of rats exposed to low levels of ozone . Exp. Mol. Pathol. , 24 : 70 – 83 .
- Farhi , L. E. 1969 . “ Diffusive and convective movement of gas in the lung ” . In Circulatory and Respiratory Mass Transport , Edited by: Wolstenholme , G. E. W. and Knight , J. 277 – 293 . New York : Little, Brown .
- Freeman , B. A. and Crapo , J. D. 1981 . Free radicals and tissue injury . Lab. Invest. , 47 : 412 – 426 .
- Freeman , G. , Crane , S. C. , Stephens , R. J. and Furiosi , N. J. 1968a . Pathogenesis of the nitrogen dioxide‐induced lesion in the rat lung. A review and presentation of new observations . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 98 : 429 – 443 .
- Freeman , G. , Stephens , R. J. , Crane , S. C. and Furiosi , N. J. 1968b . Lesion of the lung in rats continuously exposed to two parts per million of nitrogen dioxide . Arch. Environ. Health , 17 : 181 – 192 .
- Freeman , G. , Juhos , L. T. , Furiosi , N. J. , Mussenden , R. , Stephens , R. J. and Evans , M. J. 1974 . Pathology of pulmonary disease from exposure to interdependent ambient gases (nitrogen dioxide and ozone) . Arch. Environ. Health , 29 : 203 – 210 .
- Hayatdavoudi , G. , Crapo , J. D. , Miller , F. J. and O'Neil , J. J. 1980 . Factors determining degree of inflation in intratracheally fixed rat lungs . J. Appl. Physiol. , 48 : 389 – 393 .
- Hesterberg , T. W. and Last , J. A. 1981 . Ozone‐induced acute pulmonary fibrosis in rats. Prevention of increased rates of collagen synthesis by methylprednisolone . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 123 : 47 – 152 .
- Hussain , M. Z. , Cross , C. E. , Mustafa , M. G. and Bhatnagar , R. S. 1976 . Hydroxyproline contents and prolyl hydroxylase activities in the lungs of rats exposed to low levels of ozone . Life Sci. , 18 : 897 – 904 .
- Kapanci , Y. , Weibel , E. R. , Kaplan , H. P. and Robinson , F. S. 1969 . Pathogenesis and reversibility of the pulmonary lesions of oxygen toxicity in monkeys. 11. Ultrastructural and morphometric studies . Lab. Invest. , 20 : 101 – 118 .
- Kistler , G. S. , Caldwell , P. R. B. and Weibel , E. R. 1967 . Development of fine structural damage to alveolar and capillary lining cells in oxygen‐poisoned rat lungs . J. Cell Biol. , 33 : 605 – 628 .
- LaForce , R. C. and Lewis , B. N. 1970 . Diffusional transport in the human lung . J. Appl. Physiol. , 28 : 291 – 298 .
- Menzel , D. B. 1976 . “ Toxicity of nitrogen oxides and ozone ” . In Free Radicals In Biology , Edited by: Pryor , W. A. Vol. II , 181 – 202 . New York : Academic .
- Mudd , J. B. and Freeman , B. A. 1977 . “ Reaction of ozone with biological membranes ” . In Biochemical Effects of Environmental Pollutants , Edited by: Lee , S. D. 97 – 133 . Ann Arbor, Mich. : Ann Arbor Science .
- Mustafa , M. F. and Tierney , D. F. 1978 . Biochemical and metabolic changes in the lung with oxygen, ozone and nitrogen dioxide toxicity . Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. , 118 : 1061 – 1090 .
- Plopper , C. G. , Dungworth , D. L. , Tyler , W. S. and Chow , C. K. 1979 . Pulmonary alterations in rats exposed to 0.2 and 0.1 ppm ozone: A correlated morphological and biochemical study . Arch. Environ. Health , 34 : 390 – 395 .
- Scherte , W. 1970 . A simple method for volumetry of organs in quantitative stereology . Mikroskopie , 26 : 57 – 60 .
- Schwartz , L. W. , Dungworth , D. L. , Mustafa , M. G. , Tarkington , B. K. and Tyler , W. S. 1976 . Pulmonary responses of rats to ambient levels of ozone. Effects of 7‐day intermittent or continuous exposure . Lab. Invest , 34 : 565 – 578 .
- Stokinger , H. E. , Wagner , W. D. and Dobrogorski , O. H. 1957 . Ozone toxicity studies. III. Chronic injury to lungs of animals follow exposure at a low level . Arch. Ind. Health , 16 : 514 – 522 .
- Weibel , E. R. 1979 . Stereological Methods. I. Practical Methods for Biological Morphometry , London : Academic .
- Woody , D. M. , Woody , E. Z. and Crapo , J. D. 1979 . Determination of the mean caliper diameter of lung nuclei by a method which is independent of shape assumptions . J. Microscopy , 118 : 421 – 427 .