6
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Combined use of a water‐insoluble chemical delivery system and a metabolic activation system in whole embryo culture

&
Pages 499-509 | Received 07 Jul 1983, Accepted 07 Oct 1983, Published online: 20 Oct 2009

References

  • Beaudoin , A. L. and Fisher , D. L. 1981 . An in vivo/in vitro evaluation of teratogenic action . Teratology , 23 : 57 – 61 .
  • Boer , G. J. 1975 . A simplified microassay of DNA and RNA using ethidium bromide . Anal. Biochem. , 65 : 225 – 231 .
  • Chatot , C. L. , Klein , N. W. , Piatek , J. and Pierro , L. J. 1980 . Successful culture of rat embryos on human serum: Use in the detection of teratogens . Science , 207 : 1471 – 1473 .
  • DeLorenzo , F. , Staiano , N. , Silegno , L. and Cortesi , R. 1978 . Mutagenicity of diallate, sulfallate and triallate and relationship between structure and mutagenic effects of carbamates used widely in agriculture . Cancer Res , 38 : 13 – 15 .
  • Dent , J. G. , Schnell , S. , Graichen , M. E. , Allen , P. , Abernethy , D. and Couch , D. E. 1981 . Stability of activating systems for in vitro mutagenesis assays: Enzyme activity and activating ability following long term storage at —85°C . Environ. Mutagen. , 3 : 167 – 179 .
  • Fantel , A. G. , Greenaway , J. C. , Juchau , M. R. and Shepard , T. H. 1979 . Teratogenic bioactivation of cyclophosphamide in vitro . Life Sci. , 25 : 67 – 72 .
  • Filler , R. and Lew , K. J. 1981 . Developmental onset of mixed‐function oxidase activity in preimplantation mouse embryos . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , 78 : 6991 – 6995 .
  • Goldstein , A. 1964 . Biostatistics , 110 New York : MacMillan .
  • Kitchin , K. T. and Ebron , M. T. 1982 . Solvent toxicity and water insoluble compound delivery system form vitro embryo culture . Toxicologist , 2 : 412
  • Kitchin , K. T. and Ebron , M. T. 1983 . In vitro whole embryo studies with saccharin and cyclohexylamine . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 21 : 537 – 541 .
  • Kitchin , K. T. and Woods , J. S. 1978 . 2,3,7,8‐Tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in female rat liver. Evidence for de novo synthesis of cytochrome P448 . Mol. Pharmacol. , 14 : 890 – 899 .
  • Kitchin , K. T. , Sanyal , M. K. and Schmid , B. P. 1981a . A coupled microsomal‐activating/embryo culture system: Toxicity of reduced β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotic phosphate (NADPH) . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 30 : 985 – 992 .
  • Kitchin , K. T. , Schmid , B. P. and Sanyal , M. K. 1981b . Teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in a coupled microsomal activating/embryo culture system . Biochem. Pharmacol. , 30 : 59 – 64 .
  • Kitchin , K. T. , Ebron , M. T. and Svendsgaard , D. 1984 . An in vivo study of the embryotoxic and dysmorphogenic effect of mercuric chloride and methylmercury chloride in the rat . Food Chem. Toxicol. , 22 : 31 – 37 .
  • Klein , N. W. , Vogler , M. A. , Chatot , C. L. and Pierrol , L. J. 1980 . The use of cultured rat embryos to evaluate the teratogenic activity of serum: Cadmium and cyclophosphamide . Teratology , 21 : 199 – 208 .
  • Lowry , O. H. , Rosebrough , N. J. , Farr , A. L. and Randall , R. J. 1951 . Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent . J. Biol. Chem. , 193 : 265 – 275 .
  • Mirkes , P. E. , Fantel , A. G. , Greenaway , J. C. and Shepard , T. A. 1981 . Teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide in rat embryos cultured in vitro . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 58 : 322 – 330 .
  • Poland , A. P. and Nebert , D. W. 1973 . A sensitive radiometric assay of aminopyrine N‐demethylation . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , 184 : 269 – 277 .
  • Sanyal , M. K. and Wiebke , E. A. 1979 . Oxygen requirement for in vitro growth and differentiation of the rat conceptus during organogenesis phase of embryo development . Biol. Reprod. , 20 : 639 – 647 .
  • Sanyal , M. K. , El‐Nahase , E. , Brown , N. A. and Fabro , S. E. 1978 . Effect of TEM (2,4,6‐triethylenimino‐1,3,5‐triazine) on in vitro organogenesis of rat embryo . Fed. Proc. , 37 : 739
  • Sanyal , M. K. , Kitchin , K. T. and Dixon , R. L. 1981 . Rat conceptus development in vitro: Comparative effects of alkylating agents . Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. , 57 : 14 – 19 .
  • SAS . 1979 . SAS User's Guide, , 1979 Edition , Edited by: Heledrg , J. T. and Council , K. A. 494 Cary, N.C. : SAS Institute .
  • Schmid , B. P. , Goulding , E. , Kitchin , K. T. and Sanyal , M. K. 1981 . Assessment of the teratogenic potential of acrolein and cyclophosphamide in a rat embryo culture system . Toxicology , 22 : 235 – 243 .
  • Schuphan , I. , Rosen , J. P. and Casida , J. E. 1979 . Novel activation mechanisms for the promutagenic herbicide diallate . Scince , 205 : 1013 – 1015 .
  • Snedecor , G. and Cochran , W. 1967 . Statistical Methods, , 6th ed. , 59 – 61 . Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.